PDF: Paris 2015 Getting a global agreement on climate change
... on climate change. But what should be in it? The 2015 agreement will be different from those that came before. In the early years of climate negotiations, the focus was on setting ‘top-down’ targets, which drove national action. Today, the emphasis has shifted. Individual countries are being asked t ...
... on climate change. But what should be in it? The 2015 agreement will be different from those that came before. In the early years of climate negotiations, the focus was on setting ‘top-down’ targets, which drove national action. Today, the emphasis has shifted. Individual countries are being asked t ...
A comprehensive set of high-resolution grids of monthly climate for
... range of uncertainty in global warming in the 21st century published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Thus these scenarios permit users to assess the implications for climate impacts of some of the major sources of uncertainty in future climate. The scenarios were constructed by com ...
... range of uncertainty in global warming in the 21st century published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Thus these scenarios permit users to assess the implications for climate impacts of some of the major sources of uncertainty in future climate. The scenarios were constructed by com ...
Abrupt climate changes: Oceans, Ice, and Us - NAS
... from night, and summer from winter, because of huge changes in the amount of sunshine. Over tens of thousands of years, Earth’s orbital features change sunshine at particular latitudes by more than 10% to pace ice ages, although mostly by moving sunshine to other latitudes on the planet rather than ...
... from night, and summer from winter, because of huge changes in the amount of sunshine. Over tens of thousands of years, Earth’s orbital features change sunshine at particular latitudes by more than 10% to pace ice ages, although mostly by moving sunshine to other latitudes on the planet rather than ...
Probability in the attribution and prediction of climate change
... Climate is predictable, but cannot be directly observed. Weather is observable, but unpredictable. Any statement about climate change involves probabilities: looking at the spread of results from lots of climate simulations. On long time-scales, simulations must allow for uncertainty in modelling, n ...
... Climate is predictable, but cannot be directly observed. Weather is observable, but unpredictable. Any statement about climate change involves probabilities: looking at the spread of results from lots of climate simulations. On long time-scales, simulations must allow for uncertainty in modelling, n ...
pdf file - Polar Science Center
... stability properties of WAIS. Though these connections exist, so far neither model results nor paleo evidence has clearly shown the tipping of one system due to the tipping of another. Tipping Elements and their tipping potential The most recent comprehensive assessment of a number of Tipping Elemen ...
... stability properties of WAIS. Though these connections exist, so far neither model results nor paleo evidence has clearly shown the tipping of one system due to the tipping of another. Tipping Elements and their tipping potential The most recent comprehensive assessment of a number of Tipping Elemen ...
Earth`s Energy Imbalance and Implications
... Humanity is potentially vulnerable to global temperature change, as discussed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001, 2007) reports and by innumerable authors. Although climate change is driven by many climate forcing agents and the climate system also exhibits unforced (chaoti ...
... Humanity is potentially vulnerable to global temperature change, as discussed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001, 2007) reports and by innumerable authors. Although climate change is driven by many climate forcing agents and the climate system also exhibits unforced (chaoti ...
Technical Summary - Climate Change 2013
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This comprehensive assessment of the physical aspects of climate change puts a focus on those elements that are relevant to understand past, document current and project future climate change. The assessment builds on the IPCC Fourth Assessment Repor ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This comprehensive assessment of the physical aspects of climate change puts a focus on those elements that are relevant to understand past, document current and project future climate change. The assessment builds on the IPCC Fourth Assessment Repor ...
Climate Change and Tourism: The Case for the Coastline of the
... In a February, 2007, interview, Dr. Stanley Riggs, a geology professor at East Carolina University, stated that “The Outer Banks is one of the most important coastal systems in the world, there is no other place like this one” (Bragunier 2007). Dr. Riggs pointed out that climate change along the coa ...
... In a February, 2007, interview, Dr. Stanley Riggs, a geology professor at East Carolina University, stated that “The Outer Banks is one of the most important coastal systems in the world, there is no other place like this one” (Bragunier 2007). Dr. Riggs pointed out that climate change along the coa ...
Cause of the widening of the tropical belt since 1958
... [2006] for model description). One set is forced by specifying the observed monthly evolution of SST and sea ice between 1870 and 2000 (referred to as SST experiment) and another by the SST/sea ice plus the estimated radiative forcing from both natural (solar and volcanic aerosol) and anthropogenic ...
... [2006] for model description). One set is forced by specifying the observed monthly evolution of SST and sea ice between 1870 and 2000 (referred to as SST experiment) and another by the SST/sea ice plus the estimated radiative forcing from both natural (solar and volcanic aerosol) and anthropogenic ...
On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic
... “radiative forcing” that eventually induce (approximately) linear temperature equilibrium responses ⌬T. The most relevant radiative forcing for climate change is ⌬R f ⫽ ⌬ ln CO 2 , but there are many other examples of radiative forcing, such as changes in aerosols, particulates, ozone, solar radiati ...
... “radiative forcing” that eventually induce (approximately) linear temperature equilibrium responses ⌬T. The most relevant radiative forcing for climate change is ⌬R f ⫽ ⌬ ln CO 2 , but there are many other examples of radiative forcing, such as changes in aerosols, particulates, ozone, solar radiati ...
Climate vulnerability of biophysical systems in
... over time (IPCC 2007). Climate change models show that during the 20th century the African continent was warmer than it was 100 years ago with warming of about 0.7ºC (IPCC 2001). Climate change scenarios for Africa indicate future warming across the continent ranging from 0.2ºC per decade (low scena ...
... over time (IPCC 2007). Climate change models show that during the 20th century the African continent was warmer than it was 100 years ago with warming of about 0.7ºC (IPCC 2001). Climate change scenarios for Africa indicate future warming across the continent ranging from 0.2ºC per decade (low scena ...
the ocean system - American Museum of Natural History
... enormous role in regulating the Earth’s climate. Finally, we’ll investigate the ocean’s role in the carbon cycle and how it all relates to global warming. Videos will address the ways in which scientists study climate and ocean circulation so that learners can more fully understand how scientists ar ...
... enormous role in regulating the Earth’s climate. Finally, we’ll investigate the ocean’s role in the carbon cycle and how it all relates to global warming. Videos will address the ways in which scientists study climate and ocean circulation so that learners can more fully understand how scientists ar ...
Weitzman2009-Modeling-Economics-ClimateChange.pdf
... “radiative forcing” that eventually induce (approximately) linear temperature equilibrium responses ⌬T. The most relevant radiative forcing for climate change is ⌬R f ⫽ ⌬ ln CO 2 , but there are many other examples of radiative forcing, such as changes in aerosols, particulates, ozone, solar radiati ...
... “radiative forcing” that eventually induce (approximately) linear temperature equilibrium responses ⌬T. The most relevant radiative forcing for climate change is ⌬R f ⫽ ⌬ ln CO 2 , but there are many other examples of radiative forcing, such as changes in aerosols, particulates, ozone, solar radiati ...
... used in simulating past and present climate change will be assessed. Information regarding detection and attribution of changes on global to regional scales using these climate models, will also be assessed (Chapter 10). Future Climate Change and Predictability (Chapters 11 and 12): this part of the ...
Is snow in the Alps receding or disappearing?
... region exhibit are far greater rates of change than the global average temperature increase,14 a feature that has been observed in other mid-latitude mountain regions.1 Reductions in snow cover and duration, that contribute to positive feedback effects between the surface and the atmosphere, may par ...
... region exhibit are far greater rates of change than the global average temperature increase,14 a feature that has been observed in other mid-latitude mountain regions.1 Reductions in snow cover and duration, that contribute to positive feedback effects between the surface and the atmosphere, may par ...
Interaction between Climate Change and the Cryosphere
... DEFROST, Svalbard. Photo: NordForsk/Terje Heiestad ...
... DEFROST, Svalbard. Photo: NordForsk/Terje Heiestad ...
Anthropogenic carbon release rate unprecedented during the past
... the normalized response (see Supplementary Information). In addition to global mean sea surface temperature (SST) and δ13 C, we analysed GENIE’s grid-point output on the northwest Atlantic shelf (NW Atl shelf, corresponding to Millville’s palaeo-location, see Supplementary Information). For instance ...
... the normalized response (see Supplementary Information). In addition to global mean sea surface temperature (SST) and δ13 C, we analysed GENIE’s grid-point output on the northwest Atlantic shelf (NW Atl shelf, corresponding to Millville’s palaeo-location, see Supplementary Information). For instance ...
Seasonal hydrologic responses to climate change in the Pacific
... This study builds on the work of Elsner et al. [2010] and Das et al. [2011]. Elsner et al. [2010] classified PNW watersheds into rain-dominated, transitional, and snow-dominated based on the ratio of peak snow water equivalent (SWE) to accumulated winter (October to March) P. This classification schem ...
... This study builds on the work of Elsner et al. [2010] and Das et al. [2011]. Elsner et al. [2010] classified PNW watersheds into rain-dominated, transitional, and snow-dominated based on the ratio of peak snow water equivalent (SWE) to accumulated winter (October to March) P. This classification schem ...
pdf 167kb
... each sample was weighed on a top pan balance on collection, and then sprayed with approximately 10 ml of water from a spray bottle. The inside surfaces of the glass incubation cuvettes were also misted with water. After incubation, samples were re-weighed as a measure of water loss. The mean loss of ...
... each sample was weighed on a top pan balance on collection, and then sprayed with approximately 10 ml of water from a spray bottle. The inside surfaces of the glass incubation cuvettes were also misted with water. After incubation, samples were re-weighed as a measure of water loss. The mean loss of ...
NAME - UW Atmospheric Sciences
... La Plata Basin (CIC), in co-operation with water agencies of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and VAMOS/PLATIN Current Status: The project was presented to GEF for final approval (tentatively by July 2006) Project Total Cost: GEF has placed $15M on Reserve; Countries and Other Sour ...
... La Plata Basin (CIC), in co-operation with water agencies of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and VAMOS/PLATIN Current Status: The project was presented to GEF for final approval (tentatively by July 2006) Project Total Cost: GEF has placed $15M on Reserve; Countries and Other Sour ...
Endogenous growth, convexity of damages and climate risk: how Nordhaus framework supports deep cuts in carbon emissions
... current output.7 There are compelling reasons for thinking that climate change could have long-lasting impacts on growth (Stern, 2013) and there is now an emerging body of empirical evidence pointing in this direction (e.g. Dell et al., 2012), even though climatic conditions in the recent past have ...
... current output.7 There are compelling reasons for thinking that climate change could have long-lasting impacts on growth (Stern, 2013) and there is now an emerging body of empirical evidence pointing in this direction (e.g. Dell et al., 2012), even though climatic conditions in the recent past have ...
Impact of climate change on infectious diseases of animals
... 4.1. Climate change in the Arctic 4.1.1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) The IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4; 17 Nov. 2007, http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessmentreport/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf) provides an integrated view of climate change. There is now major consensus of ongoing global ...
... 4.1. Climate change in the Arctic 4.1.1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) The IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4; 17 Nov. 2007, http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessmentreport/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf) provides an integrated view of climate change. There is now major consensus of ongoing global ...
Caribbean Marine Climate Change Report Card 2017
... protect against, climate change. There is a cost, too, of not adapting to climate change – a cost that is expected to grow over time as damage rises substantially, as this table shows for Caribbean islands. This is also why it is important to act now to ensure that Caribbean people are fully prepare ...
... protect against, climate change. There is a cost, too, of not adapting to climate change – a cost that is expected to grow over time as damage rises substantially, as this table shows for Caribbean islands. This is also why it is important to act now to ensure that Caribbean people are fully prepare ...
PDF
... monetary estimates of these impacts for the European agricultural sector. The future scenarios incorporate socio economic projections derived from several SRES scenarios and climate projections obtained from global climate models and regional climate models. The quantitative results are based simula ...
... monetary estimates of these impacts for the European agricultural sector. The future scenarios incorporate socio economic projections derived from several SRES scenarios and climate projections obtained from global climate models and regional climate models. The quantitative results are based simula ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.