Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from US Agriculture
... run effects of extreme heat exposure on corn yields, and point estimates across a range of specifications suggest that long run adaptions have more likely offset none of these short run impacts. We also show limited evidence for adaptation along other margins within agriculture: revenues are simila ...
... run effects of extreme heat exposure on corn yields, and point estimates across a range of specifications suggest that long run adaptions have more likely offset none of these short run impacts. We also show limited evidence for adaptation along other margins within agriculture: revenues are simila ...
Polar Bears on Ice - Canadian Geographic Education
... polar bears adapted for living and hunting on sea ice (primary food source: seals) global warming is melting the Arctic sea ice at an alarming rate (more than 23,000 square miles per year or nearly nine percent per decade!) unable to swim increasingly longer distances between land and receding sea i ...
... polar bears adapted for living and hunting on sea ice (primary food source: seals) global warming is melting the Arctic sea ice at an alarming rate (more than 23,000 square miles per year or nearly nine percent per decade!) unable to swim increasingly longer distances between land and receding sea i ...
Climate Change, Adaptive Strategies and Rural Livelihoods in
... increased over the past few years. These could possibly be motivated by the extreme events such as El Niño that took place fifteen years ago. The increasing rainfall trend is evident in the meteorological data from Manyoni meteorological station (Figure 4), which shows a slightly increasing trend si ...
... increased over the past few years. These could possibly be motivated by the extreme events such as El Niño that took place fifteen years ago. The increasing rainfall trend is evident in the meteorological data from Manyoni meteorological station (Figure 4), which shows a slightly increasing trend si ...
3.47 MB - Asian Development Bank
... It is self evident that the whole population of Central Asia will suffer from the climate change impacts in their daily life. Many national strategy papers on climate change ask questions, what the changes really are, how vulnerable the region is and what can be done to increase adaptation and resil ...
... It is self evident that the whole population of Central Asia will suffer from the climate change impacts in their daily life. Many national strategy papers on climate change ask questions, what the changes really are, how vulnerable the region is and what can be done to increase adaptation and resil ...
Decadal co-variability of Atlantic SSTs and western Amazon dry
... rain gauges density upstream. We calculate standardized anomalies of the minimum water level value observed between October 1st and December 31st, which is the period when dryseason precipitation anomalies would reflect on the river level [ANA, 2014]. The western Amazon domain JAS-SPI variability is ...
... rain gauges density upstream. We calculate standardized anomalies of the minimum water level value observed between October 1st and December 31st, which is the period when dryseason precipitation anomalies would reflect on the river level [ANA, 2014]. The western Amazon domain JAS-SPI variability is ...
Climate risks and their impact on agriculture and forests in Switzerland
... 1.2 Climatic extremes and their simulation There are different possibilities to define ‘extreme events’. In a statistical sense, a climate extreme can be characterized by (1) the frequency of occurrence of anomalous weather (IPCC Springer ...
... 1.2 Climatic extremes and their simulation There are different possibilities to define ‘extreme events’. In a statistical sense, a climate extreme can be characterized by (1) the frequency of occurrence of anomalous weather (IPCC Springer ...
Chapter -6 - UET Taxila
... areas. The UBCWM is conceptual and continuous hydrological model. It is a semi-distributed model. The hydrological response of mountainous watershed is dependent on the elevation and it is the most important variable in the description of mountain runoff [11] therefore the model uses area-elevation ...
... areas. The UBCWM is conceptual and continuous hydrological model. It is a semi-distributed model. The hydrological response of mountainous watershed is dependent on the elevation and it is the most important variable in the description of mountain runoff [11] therefore the model uses area-elevation ...
An imperative need for global change research in tropical forests
... 1976 and 2000 (IPCC 2007). The recent warming is strongest in the extratropics of the northern hemisphere with large El Niño events (IPCC 2007). Global climate models have predicted that all tropical forest regions would encounter a further warming of between 3 and 6 °C (mean) by the end of this cen ...
... 1976 and 2000 (IPCC 2007). The recent warming is strongest in the extratropics of the northern hemisphere with large El Niño events (IPCC 2007). Global climate models have predicted that all tropical forest regions would encounter a further warming of between 3 and 6 °C (mean) by the end of this cen ...
Re-Investigating Climate Change
... There is no doubt that human activity is damaging the environment. For example, industrial pollution and “industrialized” fishing and agricultural practices have, it is clear, destroyed habitat and caused the extinction of a number of species of flora and fauna – in various ways, and for various rea ...
... There is no doubt that human activity is damaging the environment. For example, industrial pollution and “industrialized” fishing and agricultural practices have, it is clear, destroyed habitat and caused the extinction of a number of species of flora and fauna – in various ways, and for various rea ...
Dynamics of the coupled human-climate system resulting from
... mixed layer in these models does not behave as a single heat capacity with a single distinct time constant (Caldeira and Myhrvold, 2013). There are several models that are exceptions to this behaviour (e.g., Held et al., 2010). Increasing the heat capacity C would increase the phase lag at high freq ...
... mixed layer in these models does not behave as a single heat capacity with a single distinct time constant (Caldeira and Myhrvold, 2013). There are several models that are exceptions to this behaviour (e.g., Held et al., 2010). Increasing the heat capacity C would increase the phase lag at high freq ...
A modified impulse-response representation of the global response
... response over the 21st century to both high-emission and mitigation scenarios estimated from more complex models. Section 2 describes the formalism of the model that we use. Section 3 then demonstrates the model’s ability in replicating ESM behaviour under a set of idealised experiments, namely thos ...
... response over the 21st century to both high-emission and mitigation scenarios estimated from more complex models. Section 2 describes the formalism of the model that we use. Section 3 then demonstrates the model’s ability in replicating ESM behaviour under a set of idealised experiments, namely thos ...
Climate Scientists Respond
... High CO2 levels co-existed with equatorial glaciers, disproving the efficacy of warming from high CO2 levels. Assertion 2 and Responses............................................................................................................................ 5 Corals came into being during eras of ...
... High CO2 levels co-existed with equatorial glaciers, disproving the efficacy of warming from high CO2 levels. Assertion 2 and Responses............................................................................................................................ 5 Corals came into being during eras of ...
Climate Extremes: Challenges in Estimating
... that are available for analysis. For example, all tropical cyclones that are classified as Category 1–5 storms on the Saffir-Simpson scale are considered to be extreme because of their high potential to cause damage from high winds, rainfall, and/ or storm surge flooding. These storms are an importa ...
... that are available for analysis. For example, all tropical cyclones that are classified as Category 1–5 storms on the Saffir-Simpson scale are considered to be extreme because of their high potential to cause damage from high winds, rainfall, and/ or storm surge flooding. These storms are an importa ...
Climate change in Australia | Southern and South
... patterns and rising oceans. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013) rigorously assessed the current state and future of the global climate system. The report concluded that: • greenhouse gas emissions have markedly increased as a result of human act ...
... patterns and rising oceans. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013) rigorously assessed the current state and future of the global climate system. The report concluded that: • greenhouse gas emissions have markedly increased as a result of human act ...
Will Amazonia Dry Out? Magnitude and Causes of Change from
... presumably positive vegetation feedback (Malhi et al. 2009). Additionally, instrumental and proxy records show that the Amazon rain forest was relatively stable throughout the twentieth century and in the geological past, such as during glacial times and the Holocene warm period (Baker et al. 2004; ...
... presumably positive vegetation feedback (Malhi et al. 2009). Additionally, instrumental and proxy records show that the Amazon rain forest was relatively stable throughout the twentieth century and in the geological past, such as during glacial times and the Holocene warm period (Baker et al. 2004; ...
Extreme Allergies and Global Warming
... changing land use, urbanization, transportation, and energy production.4 For example, trees and other plants are beginning to respond to the much higher levels of carbon dioxide to which they are being exposed. Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have increased by about 40 percent since the 1700 ...
... changing land use, urbanization, transportation, and energy production.4 For example, trees and other plants are beginning to respond to the much higher levels of carbon dioxide to which they are being exposed. Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have increased by about 40 percent since the 1700 ...
Carbon Dynamics in the Future Forest: the Importance
... earlier, and extend wildfire seasons. This climate variability has been the predominant cause of recent increases in fire activity in the west, despite the rise in fuel accumulation (Littell et al., 2009). Relative to the total period of fire suppression, the total area burned in US. National Forest ...
... earlier, and extend wildfire seasons. This climate variability has been the predominant cause of recent increases in fire activity in the west, despite the rise in fuel accumulation (Littell et al., 2009). Relative to the total period of fire suppression, the total area burned in US. National Forest ...
Early effects of climate change: do they include changes in vector
... increased, there has been a disproportionate increase in the frequency of the heaviest precipitation events (Karl & Knight 1998). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Assessment Report states that `most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is likely to be attributable ...
... increased, there has been a disproportionate increase in the frequency of the heaviest precipitation events (Karl & Knight 1998). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Assessment Report states that `most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is likely to be attributable ...
Spring 2008
... Niño and drying in the African Sahel, and providing good seasonal predictive skill, however, current models simplify biogeochemical processes, such as the carbon cycle – making future predictions less certain. Earth System Models will allow GFDL and Princeton scientists to make better predictions of ...
... Niño and drying in the African Sahel, and providing good seasonal predictive skill, however, current models simplify biogeochemical processes, such as the carbon cycle – making future predictions less certain. Earth System Models will allow GFDL and Princeton scientists to make better predictions of ...
Images are courtesy of the National Snow and Ice Data Center
... region) intensifies. This result suggests that recent observed sea-ice trend around the AP could be associated to anthropogenic forcings. ...
... region) intensifies. This result suggests that recent observed sea-ice trend around the AP could be associated to anthropogenic forcings. ...
Training Your People How to Think About Climate Change
... problem arises. The graph depicts the effect of various physical causes. What are these causes? The pubic image of SAGW that the “science is settled” suffers from a commonly encountered logical flaw called by logicians as the “assertion of the consequent.” Slide 6 shows the fallacy. If a cause like ...
... problem arises. The graph depicts the effect of various physical causes. What are these causes? The pubic image of SAGW that the “science is settled” suffers from a commonly encountered logical flaw called by logicians as the “assertion of the consequent.” Slide 6 shows the fallacy. If a cause like ...
Climate change and tropical Andean glaciers
... This looming threat of changes in water supply associated with tropical glacier retreat has received little attention so far, mostly because the climate change community is very much focused on observed and projected large climatic changes at high northern latitudes. However, these global projection ...
... This looming threat of changes in water supply associated with tropical glacier retreat has received little attention so far, mostly because the climate change community is very much focused on observed and projected large climatic changes at high northern latitudes. However, these global projection ...
Alaska’s Thawing Permafrost
... and pipelines rest and rely on hard permafrost foundations. But permafrost is sensitive to climate change, and powerful warming forces are at work. Continuous permafrost on the North Slope of Alaska has warmed 2.2–3.9º C (4–7º F) over the last century. Thawing permafrost is more prone to erosion, an ...
... and pipelines rest and rely on hard permafrost foundations. But permafrost is sensitive to climate change, and powerful warming forces are at work. Continuous permafrost on the North Slope of Alaska has warmed 2.2–3.9º C (4–7º F) over the last century. Thawing permafrost is more prone to erosion, an ...
Arctic Biodiversity - Harvard Life Sciences Outreach Program
... • “Specialist predators [like the snowy owl and arctic fox] depend on a high density of of prey [lemmings] in the spring to breed successfully.” • “Models of climate change predict that winters in the Arctic will become considerably warmer and more variable . . . .” Ims, Rolf A., Eva Fuglei. Trophic ...
... • “Specialist predators [like the snowy owl and arctic fox] depend on a high density of of prey [lemmings] in the spring to breed successfully.” • “Models of climate change predict that winters in the Arctic will become considerably warmer and more variable . . . .” Ims, Rolf A., Eva Fuglei. Trophic ...
Implications of land use change in tropical northern Africa under
... feedbacks between the type of land use and harvest intensity and climate by analysing a series of idealized GCM experiments using the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). The baseline for these experiments is a simulation forced by the RCP8.5 (radiation concentration pathway) scenario, ...
... feedbacks between the type of land use and harvest intensity and climate by analysing a series of idealized GCM experiments using the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). The baseline for these experiments is a simulation forced by the RCP8.5 (radiation concentration pathway) scenario, ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.