RADIATIVE AND CLIMATE EFFECTS OF AEROSOLS OVER THE
... imagery part of refractive index for black carbon aerosols is quite large. As a result, they absorb solar radiation. This contributes to warm the atmosphere and the surface (Kaufman et al., 2002). In this case, the black carbon radiative forcing seems to counteract the sulphate cooling effect (see P ...
... imagery part of refractive index for black carbon aerosols is quite large. As a result, they absorb solar radiation. This contributes to warm the atmosphere and the surface (Kaufman et al., 2002). In this case, the black carbon radiative forcing seems to counteract the sulphate cooling effect (see P ...
impact of climate change in andean bolivian
... could generate greater conflicts, especially among communities in the basin’s high and low areas. ...
... could generate greater conflicts, especially among communities in the basin’s high and low areas. ...
glaciers - Cambio Climático Bolivia
... given the present rate of climate change, in 20 years´ time the world is likely to look very different than what we can now imagine ...
... given the present rate of climate change, in 20 years´ time the world is likely to look very different than what we can now imagine ...
Course_609_Lecture_1 (Jan 12, 2017)
... • Kolstad (1998) writes “nearly all the results have come from the so-called policy optimization models, the top-down economy-climate models. Virtually no new basic understanding appears to have emerged from the policy ...
... • Kolstad (1998) writes “nearly all the results have come from the so-called policy optimization models, the top-down economy-climate models. Virtually no new basic understanding appears to have emerged from the policy ...
Document
... • Geophysical ‘fingerprints’ implicate increased GHG concentration as main cause of 0.7oC rise since 1950 • Global climate models, now highly-coupled, perform well on record of past ‘forcings’/temperature relationship – globally and regionally • Six internationally-agreed plausible ‘human futures’ s ...
... • Geophysical ‘fingerprints’ implicate increased GHG concentration as main cause of 0.7oC rise since 1950 • Global climate models, now highly-coupled, perform well on record of past ‘forcings’/temperature relationship – globally and regionally • Six internationally-agreed plausible ‘human futures’ s ...
How Do Volcanic Eruptions Affect Climate and Our Ability
... based on some scenario in our near-term ensemble climate predictions. This area of research needs further exploration. The future projections in this report do not include future volcanic eruptions. Third, the historical climate record can be used, along with estimates of observed sulphate aerosols, ...
... based on some scenario in our near-term ensemble climate predictions. This area of research needs further exploration. The future projections in this report do not include future volcanic eruptions. Third, the historical climate record can be used, along with estimates of observed sulphate aerosols, ...
Global warming
... individually, according to your role, and investigate the issues related to global warming from several different perspectives. When finished with your individual research, you will share what you have learned with your team and prepare a report to be presented to UN officials. Reference the appropr ...
... individually, according to your role, and investigate the issues related to global warming from several different perspectives. When finished with your individual research, you will share what you have learned with your team and prepare a report to be presented to UN officials. Reference the appropr ...
1 United Nations, Department of Public Information, NGO Relations
... sustainable communities were critical to the health of their business. Measuring its overall climate footprint, Ms. Manley said, the Company found that their refrigeration equipment was by-far the largest element of that footprint. With over ten million refrigeration units worldwide, the equipment’s ...
... sustainable communities were critical to the health of their business. Measuring its overall climate footprint, Ms. Manley said, the Company found that their refrigeration equipment was by-far the largest element of that footprint. With over ten million refrigeration units worldwide, the equipment’s ...
This snapshot shows the ocean currents at a depth of 75 meters, as
... Coriolis force: The Coriolis force plays an important role in physical oceanography. Water masses operate in a rotating frame of reference, due to the rotation of the Earth. Those located in the northern hemisphere are deflected toward the right, and those in the southern hemisphere toward the left. ...
... Coriolis force: The Coriolis force plays an important role in physical oceanography. Water masses operate in a rotating frame of reference, due to the rotation of the Earth. Those located in the northern hemisphere are deflected toward the right, and those in the southern hemisphere toward the left. ...
Modeling Regional Climate Change Impacts on Water for
... Potential yield reductions ranged from 11.3 to 14.0, 17.1 to 21.0, and 20.7 to 27.7% during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. Potential changes in irrigation water demand varied in the range of -1.7 to 5.8, -8.1 to 6.4 and -2.2 to 5.1% during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. ...
... Potential yield reductions ranged from 11.3 to 14.0, 17.1 to 21.0, and 20.7 to 27.7% during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. Potential changes in irrigation water demand varied in the range of -1.7 to 5.8, -8.1 to 6.4 and -2.2 to 5.1% during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. ...
Mankind at the Turning Point slides
... pressure group as so far no real results at talks due short-term national interests being paramount ...
... pressure group as so far no real results at talks due short-term national interests being paramount ...
Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Cycle…
... The development of indicators of climate change impacts on freshwater, and operational systems to monitor them There remains a scale mismatch between the large-scale climatic models and the catchment scale Impact studies of climate change at the monthly or higher temporal resolution scale is d ...
... The development of indicators of climate change impacts on freshwater, and operational systems to monitor them There remains a scale mismatch between the large-scale climatic models and the catchment scale Impact studies of climate change at the monthly or higher temporal resolution scale is d ...
Document
... • We can calculate Te from the “Energy balance equation” and add the greenhouse warming: Ts = Te + ∆Tg ...
... • We can calculate Te from the “Energy balance equation” and add the greenhouse warming: Ts = Te + ∆Tg ...
exploring corporate social responsibility for climate change
... meaningfully to that threat, and reduction of those emissions would at least slow global warming.” On the merits of the case, he concluded that the EPA had both “the authority and duty to regulate carbon dioxide emissions... if those emissions may endanger public health or welfare” and could not dec ...
... meaningfully to that threat, and reduction of those emissions would at least slow global warming.” On the merits of the case, he concluded that the EPA had both “the authority and duty to regulate carbon dioxide emissions... if those emissions may endanger public health or welfare” and could not dec ...
Climate Change Support Booklet 2016
... It is the year 2106. Global warming has happened, with a 5°C rise in global temperatures and the melting of the sea ice at the poles. London is no longer Britain's capital city, weather patterns all over the world have changed, and huge areas of the world, including Bangladesh and much of Egypt, are ...
... It is the year 2106. Global warming has happened, with a 5°C rise in global temperatures and the melting of the sea ice at the poles. London is no longer Britain's capital city, weather patterns all over the world have changed, and huge areas of the world, including Bangladesh and much of Egypt, are ...
Introduction - San Jose State University
... – Developed countries have switched to HCFC’s (more ozone friendly!) – Developing countries have until 2004/5 to phase out CFC’s. ...
... – Developed countries have switched to HCFC’s (more ozone friendly!) – Developing countries have until 2004/5 to phase out CFC’s. ...
Clear facts about Climate Change ISBN:91-620-8155-1
... 1995) have been supplemented in several areas and the IPCC is now expressing itself much more clearly than previously about the role of humans in the global warming that has been observed. Considering both natural variations in the climate and changes in solar radiation, scientists have established ...
... 1995) have been supplemented in several areas and the IPCC is now expressing itself much more clearly than previously about the role of humans in the global warming that has been observed. Considering both natural variations in the climate and changes in solar radiation, scientists have established ...
Highlights Brochure - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
... Although it will be very difficult to limit near-term consequences resulting from past emissions, many longer-term impacts could be reduced significantly by reducing global emissions over the course of this century. ...
... Although it will be very difficult to limit near-term consequences resulting from past emissions, many longer-term impacts could be reduced significantly by reducing global emissions over the course of this century. ...
impact, adaptation and vulnerability on the european resource base
... Europe - extreme events Maximum temperature increases in S and C Europe much more than in N Europe C. Europe would experience the number of hot days as currently occur in S. Europe ...
... Europe - extreme events Maximum temperature increases in S and C Europe much more than in N Europe C. Europe would experience the number of hot days as currently occur in S. Europe ...
False Certainty Or False Uncertainty
... US National Research Council 2010 report Advancing the Science of Climate Change (http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12782 ...
... US National Research Council 2010 report Advancing the Science of Climate Change (http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12782 ...
the wcrp cmip3 multimodel dataset
... sea ice concentration from observations (Figs. 3a,b), and also for a number of models’ simulations of sea ice concentration. [Note that EOFs depict the principal spatial patterns of variability (see, e.g., Kutzbach 1967)]. Though each model has its own characteristic sea ice variability pattern, all ...
... sea ice concentration from observations (Figs. 3a,b), and also for a number of models’ simulations of sea ice concentration. [Note that EOFs depict the principal spatial patterns of variability (see, e.g., Kutzbach 1967)]. Though each model has its own characteristic sea ice variability pattern, all ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.