Detection and Attribution of External Influences on the Climate System
... even though they are obtained by averaging across an ensemble of forced climate change simulations. The presence of this noise in the signal may bias ordinary least squares estimates of a downward, particularly if ony a small ensemble is available to estimate signals that have small signal-to-noise ...
... even though they are obtained by averaging across an ensemble of forced climate change simulations. The presence of this noise in the signal may bias ordinary least squares estimates of a downward, particularly if ony a small ensemble is available to estimate signals that have small signal-to-noise ...
Climate change prediction: Erring on the side of least drama?
... language, the authors note that the record for previous Arctic sea ice summer minimum extent was ‘‘shattered’’ in 2007, ‘‘something not predicted by climate models . . . This dramatic retreat has been much faster than simulated by any of the climate models assessed in the IPCC AR4’’—with summer sea ...
... language, the authors note that the record for previous Arctic sea ice summer minimum extent was ‘‘shattered’’ in 2007, ‘‘something not predicted by climate models . . . This dramatic retreat has been much faster than simulated by any of the climate models assessed in the IPCC AR4’’—with summer sea ...
PowerPoint presentation (PPT file)
... the methodological guidance in those areas for which gaps are identified in Table 7.1 of Ch. 7 and gaps related to some uses of wetlands which are currently not fully covered, for example the drainage of wetlands, the rewetting of previously drained wetlands or wetland ...
... the methodological guidance in those areas for which gaps are identified in Table 7.1 of Ch. 7 and gaps related to some uses of wetlands which are currently not fully covered, for example the drainage of wetlands, the rewetting of previously drained wetlands or wetland ...
Understanding the Arctic Climate System
... of warm summer Pacific and Atlantic water, and stronger air-sea coupling due to thinner or no sea ice is one of the main reasons why the summer sea ice cover has been declining in the Arctic. This extra energy and its storage in the upper ocean can help explain the longterm negative sea ice trend an ...
... of warm summer Pacific and Atlantic water, and stronger air-sea coupling due to thinner or no sea ice is one of the main reasons why the summer sea ice cover has been declining in the Arctic. This extra energy and its storage in the upper ocean can help explain the longterm negative sea ice trend an ...
RUTGERS MODEL UNITED NATIONS 2008
... airplanes. This effort is also beneficial to the transportation industry as a whole, as fuel prices ...
... airplanes. This effort is also beneficial to the transportation industry as a whole, as fuel prices ...
CLIMATE CHANGE 2013 The Physical Science Basis Summary for Policymakers climate change
... • The globally averaged combined land and ocean surface temperature data as calculated by a linear trend, show a warming of 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06] °C3, over the period 1880 to 2012, when multiple independently produced datasets exist. The total increase between the average of the 1850–1900 period and ...
... • The globally averaged combined land and ocean surface temperature data as calculated by a linear trend, show a warming of 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06] °C3, over the period 1880 to 2012, when multiple independently produced datasets exist. The total increase between the average of the 1850–1900 period and ...
article
... spectrum of other variations, including some that are chaotic and therefore unpredictable. Taken together, these factors have caused global average temperature to vary by a few tenths of a degree Celsius through the decades—less than the current level of human-influenced warming. One lesson science ...
... spectrum of other variations, including some that are chaotic and therefore unpredictable. Taken together, these factors have caused global average temperature to vary by a few tenths of a degree Celsius through the decades—less than the current level of human-influenced warming. One lesson science ...
INT 500 - IGERT - Adaptation to Abrupt Climate Change
... Maine (Climate Change Institute, Dept. of Anthropology) Dr. Melinda Zeder-‐ National Museum of Natural History (Dept. Of Anthropology, Director of Archaeobiology, Sr. Research Scientist, Curator of Old World Archa ...
... Maine (Climate Change Institute, Dept. of Anthropology) Dr. Melinda Zeder-‐ National Museum of Natural History (Dept. Of Anthropology, Director of Archaeobiology, Sr. Research Scientist, Curator of Old World Archa ...
International symposium on the stabilisation of greenhouse gases
... The IPCC 3rd Assessment Report (2001) (TAR) reviewed in depth all the scientific, technical and socioeconomic aspects of climate change. It concluded that there was strong evidence that climate change due to human emissions of greenhouse gases was already occurring and that future emissions of green ...
... The IPCC 3rd Assessment Report (2001) (TAR) reviewed in depth all the scientific, technical and socioeconomic aspects of climate change. It concluded that there was strong evidence that climate change due to human emissions of greenhouse gases was already occurring and that future emissions of green ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint - Clim
... CLIMRUN - Local Climate Informations to Respond to Users Needs ETC/CCA - European Topic Centre on: Climate Change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation ETC West Balcans - Support for work on Climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation (linked to the European Climate Adaptation platform) ...
... CLIMRUN - Local Climate Informations to Respond to Users Needs ETC/CCA - European Topic Centre on: Climate Change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation ETC West Balcans - Support for work on Climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation (linked to the European Climate Adaptation platform) ...
Global Climate Change - Vanderbilt University
... because it is not disempowering and even presents some opportunities. We felt powerless during the Cold War; there was nothing an individual could do to decrease the threat of nuclear annihilation, and people other than defense contractors couldn't make money by finding ways to combat the threat. In ...
... because it is not disempowering and even presents some opportunities. We felt powerless during the Cold War; there was nothing an individual could do to decrease the threat of nuclear annihilation, and people other than defense contractors couldn't make money by finding ways to combat the threat. In ...
CLIMATE CHANGE RISK PERCEPTION AND POLICY
... Clearly, the American public will play a critical role, both in terms of their direct consumption of fossil fuels and resulting greenhouse gas emissions, and through their support for political leaders or government policies to mitigate or adapt to global climate change. Since the year 2000, numerou ...
... Clearly, the American public will play a critical role, both in terms of their direct consumption of fossil fuels and resulting greenhouse gas emissions, and through their support for political leaders or government policies to mitigate or adapt to global climate change. Since the year 2000, numerou ...
aquarium of the pacific breaks ground on new exhibit gallery
... Imagine looking at Earth from space, learning how maritime trade and ports impact our lives, or seeing what impact sea level rise and coastal flooding will have on coastal communities where you or your loved ones live or work. “Science on a Sphere will enable our visitors to see our ocean planet in ...
... Imagine looking at Earth from space, learning how maritime trade and ports impact our lives, or seeing what impact sea level rise and coastal flooding will have on coastal communities where you or your loved ones live or work. “Science on a Sphere will enable our visitors to see our ocean planet in ...
the Climate Change Report here…
... to answer this and other climate questions. One key piece of evidence they analysed was based on using highly sophisticated computer models to try to replicate the global climate change seen over the last 140 years. Only when both natural and human (often termed 'anthropogenic') factors were include ...
... to answer this and other climate questions. One key piece of evidence they analysed was based on using highly sophisticated computer models to try to replicate the global climate change seen over the last 140 years. Only when both natural and human (often termed 'anthropogenic') factors were include ...
Chapter 6 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... • aT approx. independent of G • Eq. 6.10 is for equilibrium (time dependence of warming in section 6.8) Neelin, 2011. Climate Change and Climate Modeling, Cambridge UP ...
... • aT approx. independent of G • Eq. 6.10 is for equilibrium (time dependence of warming in section 6.8) Neelin, 2011. Climate Change and Climate Modeling, Cambridge UP ...
How to eat an elephant: a bottom
... climate policy has been a universally inclusive regime with legally enforceable emission reduction targets for Annex I countries, facilitated by a global market in carbon emission permits. Supporters of this ‘elegant’ top-down approach have consistently underestimated the institutional complexities ...
... climate policy has been a universally inclusive regime with legally enforceable emission reduction targets for Annex I countries, facilitated by a global market in carbon emission permits. Supporters of this ‘elegant’ top-down approach have consistently underestimated the institutional complexities ...
Trace Gases and Their Effects
... emitted carbon. The balance remains in the air and is responsible for the annual increase in temperature. However, if emission levels continue to increase at the present rate, the rise in greenhouse gases would cause temperature to reach even higher levels. Carbon dioxide levels could rise from 550 ...
... emitted carbon. The balance remains in the air and is responsible for the annual increase in temperature. However, if emission levels continue to increase at the present rate, the rise in greenhouse gases would cause temperature to reach even higher levels. Carbon dioxide levels could rise from 550 ...
Links between ozone and climate (John Pyle, Co-Chair, SAP)
... be equivalent to about 7-12 years of growth in radiative forcing of CO2 from human activities. ...
... be equivalent to about 7-12 years of growth in radiative forcing of CO2 from human activities. ...
Climate Change Impacts on East Africa
... the past century and 0.6°C in the past three decades (Hansen et al., 2006), in large part because of human activities (IPCC, 2001). A recent report produced by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences confirms that the last few decades of the 20th century were in fact the warmest in the past 400 years ...
... the past century and 0.6°C in the past three decades (Hansen et al., 2006), in large part because of human activities (IPCC, 2001). A recent report produced by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences confirms that the last few decades of the 20th century were in fact the warmest in the past 400 years ...
Lesson 3 - Climate Classroom
... while related, are different. Weather is what we experience on a daily basis. It helps us decide what we should wear for the day or what to bring on an upcoming getaway in the next week. Weather is a prediction based on a variety of data collected in a variety of ways from ground stations to radars ...
... while related, are different. Weather is what we experience on a daily basis. It helps us decide what we should wear for the day or what to bring on an upcoming getaway in the next week. Weather is a prediction based on a variety of data collected in a variety of ways from ground stations to radars ...
Assimilating urban heat island effects into climate projections
... Nevada and delivered via the Truckee River (Fig. 1bec). The impacts of temperature changes on summer water demand for Reno can be illustrated using the Hamon equation for potential evapotranspiration (Allen et al., 1998) that has been calibrated for climate change studies in the western Great Basin ...
... Nevada and delivered via the Truckee River (Fig. 1bec). The impacts of temperature changes on summer water demand for Reno can be illustrated using the Hamon equation for potential evapotranspiration (Allen et al., 1998) that has been calibrated for climate change studies in the western Great Basin ...
Means and extremes: building variability into
... increases in mean meteorological quantities (e.g. temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and wind) (‘trend effects’; Jentsch et al. 2007), but also the variability of these quantities. It is becoming clear both from climate modelling and from trends in climate, that future climate will be chara ...
... increases in mean meteorological quantities (e.g. temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and wind) (‘trend effects’; Jentsch et al. 2007), but also the variability of these quantities. It is becoming clear both from climate modelling and from trends in climate, that future climate will be chara ...
The Artificial Intelligence of Geoengineering
... throughout the Southern Hemisphere has been declining, we learned, since at least ...
... throughout the Southern Hemisphere has been declining, we learned, since at least ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.