amicus brief
... in the Public Understanding of Oceans and Human Health in the Marine Institute, Plymouth University (UK). Professor Parmesan's research focuses on the current impacts of climate change on wildlife. Her documentation of the global extent and pervasiveness of the effects of anthropogenic climate chang ...
... in the Public Understanding of Oceans and Human Health in the Marine Institute, Plymouth University (UK). Professor Parmesan's research focuses on the current impacts of climate change on wildlife. Her documentation of the global extent and pervasiveness of the effects of anthropogenic climate chang ...
IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... For the decade (2002-2011) the average annual increase is 2.07 ppm per year. The average for the prior decade (1992-2001) is 1.6 ppm per year. The upper safety limit for atmospheric CO2 is 350 parts per million since early 1988. It is undeniable that the Earth‟s climate is warming. This is evident f ...
... For the decade (2002-2011) the average annual increase is 2.07 ppm per year. The average for the prior decade (1992-2001) is 1.6 ppm per year. The upper safety limit for atmospheric CO2 is 350 parts per million since early 1988. It is undeniable that the Earth‟s climate is warming. This is evident f ...
ESTIMATION OF HEAT WAVE INDICES FROM CLIMATE MODEL
... Western Europe. As an example, in Spain the Heat Wave was characterised mostly by the persistence of very high temperature values. The Spanish (and European) absolute record (50.0 o C in Seville in 1881) was not broken but, according to the Spanish National Institute of Meteorology 1 , 19 observator ...
... Western Europe. As an example, in Spain the Heat Wave was characterised mostly by the persistence of very high temperature values. The Spanish (and European) absolute record (50.0 o C in Seville in 1881) was not broken but, according to the Spanish National Institute of Meteorology 1 , 19 observator ...
Collectively Seeing Climate Change: The Limits of Formal Models
... dioxide concentrations were increasing considerably faster than heretofore thought. Then there was a period during the midGeneral circulation models 1960s through the mid-1970s in which the proposed fleet of Predictive models of complex phenomena such as the global supersonic transport planes and th ...
... dioxide concentrations were increasing considerably faster than heretofore thought. Then there was a period during the midGeneral circulation models 1960s through the mid-1970s in which the proposed fleet of Predictive models of complex phenomena such as the global supersonic transport planes and th ...
Sensitivity of Twentieth-Century Sahel Rainfall to
... (Manuscript received 12 December 2010, in final form 6 April 2011) ABSTRACT A full understanding of the causes of the severe drought seen in the Sahel in the latter part of the twentiethcentury remains elusive some 25 yr after the height of the event. Previous studies have suggested that this drying ...
... (Manuscript received 12 December 2010, in final form 6 April 2011) ABSTRACT A full understanding of the causes of the severe drought seen in the Sahel in the latter part of the twentiethcentury remains elusive some 25 yr after the height of the event. Previous studies have suggested that this drying ...
Observed coherent changes in climatic
... ABSTRACT: A new global dataset of derived indicators has been compiled to clarify whether frequency and/or severity of climatic extremes changed during the second half of the 20th century. This period provides the best spatial coverage of homogenous daily series, which can be used for calculating th ...
... ABSTRACT: A new global dataset of derived indicators has been compiled to clarify whether frequency and/or severity of climatic extremes changed during the second half of the 20th century. This period provides the best spatial coverage of homogenous daily series, which can be used for calculating th ...
Climate Change and the Caribbean - Organization of American States
... • Current El Nino is predicted to be weak ...
... • Current El Nino is predicted to be weak ...
An abrupt drop in Northern Hemisphere sea surface temperature
... to the 1940s, fell slightly during the middle part of the century, and rose rapidly from the mid-1970s onwards1. The warming– cooling–warming pattern of twentieth-century temperatures is typically interpreted as the superposition of long-term warming due to increasing greenhouse gases and either coo ...
... to the 1940s, fell slightly during the middle part of the century, and rose rapidly from the mid-1970s onwards1. The warming– cooling–warming pattern of twentieth-century temperatures is typically interpreted as the superposition of long-term warming due to increasing greenhouse gases and either coo ...
Independent effects of warming and nitrogen addition on plant
... The experiment used a completely randomized block design with six treatments, comprisiing control (C), daytime warming (0600 – 1800 h, local time), night-time warming (1800 – 0600 h), continuous warming (24 h; W), nitrogen addition (N) and continuous warming plus nitrogen addition (WN). The six trea ...
... The experiment used a completely randomized block design with six treatments, comprisiing control (C), daytime warming (0600 – 1800 h, local time), night-time warming (1800 – 0600 h), continuous warming (24 h; W), nitrogen addition (N) and continuous warming plus nitrogen addition (WN). The six trea ...
NRDC: Hotter and Drier - The West`s Changed Climate
... states, and others that join the Western Regional Climate Initiative (WCI), have agreed to a goal of reducing their aggregate greenhouse gas emissions 15 percent below 2005 levels by 2020. Current and future members of the WCI should ensure that a suite of comprehensive policies achieves these targe ...
... states, and others that join the Western Regional Climate Initiative (WCI), have agreed to a goal of reducing their aggregate greenhouse gas emissions 15 percent below 2005 levels by 2020. Current and future members of the WCI should ensure that a suite of comprehensive policies achieves these targe ...
Multi-model trends in the Sahara induced by increasing CO2
... Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) [Meehl et al., 2000] carry out integrations to evaluate the effects of increasing CO2 on global climate [Covey et al., 2001]. Five models are chosen for analysis here based on their ability to simulate a reasonable dry modern climatology in the Sahara Desert (inc ...
... Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) [Meehl et al., 2000] carry out integrations to evaluate the effects of increasing CO2 on global climate [Covey et al., 2001]. Five models are chosen for analysis here based on their ability to simulate a reasonable dry modern climatology in the Sahara Desert (inc ...
POLITICAL IDEOLOGY, NOT SCIENCE, THE REAL DRIVER OF
... expertise is the single dominant factor shaping meteorologists’ views of global warming appears to be simplistic to the point of being incorrect…….Political ideology was the factor next most strongly associated with meteorologists’ views about global warming. This also goes against the idea of scien ...
... expertise is the single dominant factor shaping meteorologists’ views of global warming appears to be simplistic to the point of being incorrect…….Political ideology was the factor next most strongly associated with meteorologists’ views about global warming. This also goes against the idea of scien ...
Modeling the Impact of Afforestation on Global Climate: A 2
... plantation in a GCM will be problematic given the inherent variability on multiple timescales that exists in most large models. Forests have complex non-linear interactions with the atmosphere and affect planetary energetics, the hydrological cycle, and atmospheric composition which can dampen or am ...
... plantation in a GCM will be problematic given the inherent variability on multiple timescales that exists in most large models. Forests have complex non-linear interactions with the atmosphere and affect planetary energetics, the hydrological cycle, and atmospheric composition which can dampen or am ...
Trends and Variability in Snowmelt Runoff in the Western United
... timing could be related to the PDO, whereas Regonda et al. (2005) speculate that trends in SMR timing could be a response to the increased frequency of El Nino events in recent decades, or to general global warming. The first PC resulting from the PCA of the CMD data is not well correlated with eith ...
... timing could be related to the PDO, whereas Regonda et al. (2005) speculate that trends in SMR timing could be a response to the increased frequency of El Nino events in recent decades, or to general global warming. The first PC resulting from the PCA of the CMD data is not well correlated with eith ...
Modeling the Monsoons in a Changing Climate
... estimates of natural (e.g., solar irradiance, volcanic aerosols) and anthropogenic (e.g., greenhouse gases, sulfate aerosols, ozone) climate forcing during this period. For each model, June–September averaged rainfall climatology of the last 30-years from the 20c3m simulations was constructed and co ...
... estimates of natural (e.g., solar irradiance, volcanic aerosols) and anthropogenic (e.g., greenhouse gases, sulfate aerosols, ozone) climate forcing during this period. For each model, June–September averaged rainfall climatology of the last 30-years from the 20c3m simulations was constructed and co ...
Forests and Climate Change
... been cleared for agriculture (Fig. 3D). Croplands have a higher albedo than forests (Fig. 1D), and many climate model simulations find that trees warm surface air temperature relative to crops (SOM). Masking of snow albedo by trees is important in cool temperate climates with snow. Studies of easter ...
... been cleared for agriculture (Fig. 3D). Croplands have a higher albedo than forests (Fig. 1D), and many climate model simulations find that trees warm surface air temperature relative to crops (SOM). Masking of snow albedo by trees is important in cool temperate climates with snow. Studies of easter ...
Mechanisms of elevation-dependent warming over the Tibetan
... and Wu 2006). At the same time, the TP is sensitive and vulnerable to climatic change (Messerli and Ives 1997); as a result, trends observed in its climate can be seen as an early warning signal of global change. During recent decades, the TP has experienced more rapid warming than its vicinity (Kan ...
... and Wu 2006). At the same time, the TP is sensitive and vulnerable to climatic change (Messerli and Ives 1997); as a result, trends observed in its climate can be seen as an early warning signal of global change. During recent decades, the TP has experienced more rapid warming than its vicinity (Kan ...
SPC - the United Nations
... adaptation and mitigation opportunities to address climate change \Mth its PICT members, given their vulnerability to most of the expected climate change effects. This contribution is made up of two parts: i) the below 400 word summary highlighting the main points for the DirectorGeneral's report; a ...
... adaptation and mitigation opportunities to address climate change \Mth its PICT members, given their vulnerability to most of the expected climate change effects. This contribution is made up of two parts: i) the below 400 word summary highlighting the main points for the DirectorGeneral's report; a ...
Climate and Climate Change in West Africa, 2008
... are not proponents of the work carried out by the IPCC. They are critical of this work, the results and the way in which it functions. While many of them do not refute the reality of recent global warming, they sometimes dispute the anthropogenic origin as set out in the letter signed by 61 scientis ...
... are not proponents of the work carried out by the IPCC. They are critical of this work, the results and the way in which it functions. While many of them do not refute the reality of recent global warming, they sometimes dispute the anthropogenic origin as set out in the letter signed by 61 scientis ...
Spatial models reveal the microclimatic buffering capacity of old
... height, biomass, understory cover, and vertical structure; Fig. 2). Vegetation structure also had a strong effect on mean monthly maximum temperature from April to June (RI 2012: 20.4%; RI 2013: 18.9%; Fig. 2). Furthermore, vegetation structure was an important predictor for temperature variability ...
... height, biomass, understory cover, and vertical structure; Fig. 2). Vegetation structure also had a strong effect on mean monthly maximum temperature from April to June (RI 2012: 20.4%; RI 2013: 18.9%; Fig. 2). Furthermore, vegetation structure was an important predictor for temperature variability ...
CO2 Variations, 1999 Mauna Loa, Hawaii
... carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in air trapped within the ice cores and from recent atmospheric measurements. Data cover 650,000 years and the shaded bands indicate current and previous interglacial warm periods. ...
... carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in air trapped within the ice cores and from recent atmospheric measurements. Data cover 650,000 years and the shaded bands indicate current and previous interglacial warm periods. ...
Global Climate Change as a Threat to U.S. National Security
... and ‘Sustain Broad Cooperation on Key Global Challenges.’6 The four bottom circles in Figure 1 are a shorthand version of the 2010 NSS. Foreign interests is consistent with the “Sustain Broad Cooperation on Key Global challenges” strategy, Economy falls under the “Ensure a strong U.S. economy” strat ...
... and ‘Sustain Broad Cooperation on Key Global Challenges.’6 The four bottom circles in Figure 1 are a shorthand version of the 2010 NSS. Foreign interests is consistent with the “Sustain Broad Cooperation on Key Global challenges” strategy, Economy falls under the “Ensure a strong U.S. economy” strat ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.