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Battles of Civil War Start
Battles of Civil War Start

... The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter. Major Robert Anderson of the United States Army had moved his troops to the base because he feared a Confederate attack. In the early morning of April 12, 1861, the Confederates launched an attack. Northern troops under Anderson’s command r ...
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Emancipation and the Civil War - The American Experience in the

... The proclamation did not expressly free all slaves f rom bondage (which would later be accomplished through various Reconstruction amendments), but it did provide a much needed morale boost to the Union. The proclamation also decreed the acceptance of previously enslaved blacks into the Union Army, ...
Chapter 7
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1863: Military Turning Points, Gettysburg
1863: Military Turning Points, Gettysburg

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...  Forward to Richmond! Forward to Richmond!  Every day for more than a month, the New York Tribune published this on the front-page of their newspaper  Giving into popular public pressure, Lincoln ordered an ATTACK!!!  Battle of Bull Run  July 21, 1861, Union troops left Washington, D.C.  They ...
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...  Lee used all of his skill to fight off Grant’s army. The Union suffered terrible losses, but Grant kept attacking.  His attacks wore down the Confederate army in a series of battles. Lee was forced farther and farther south.  June 1884: the two armies faced each other near Richmond. They stayed ...
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Maryland Campaign



The Maryland Campaign—or Antietam Campaign—occurred September 4–20, 1862, during the American Civil War. Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's first invasion of the North was repulsed by the Army of the Potomac under Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, who moved to intercept Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia and eventually attacked it near Sharpsburg, Maryland. The resulting Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history and is widely considered one of the major turning points of the war.Following his victory in the Northern Virginia Campaign, Lee moved north with 55,000 men through the Shenandoah Valley starting on September 4, 1862. His objective was to resupply his army outside of the war-torn Virginia theater and to damage Northern morale in anticipation of the November elections. He undertook the risky maneuver of splitting his army so that he could continue north into Maryland while simultaneously capturing the Federal garrison and arsenal at Harpers Ferry. McClellan accidentally found a copy of Lee's orders to his subordinate commanders and planned to isolate and defeat the separated portions of Lee's army.While Confederate Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson surrounded, bombarded, and captured Harpers Ferry (September 12–15), McClellan's army of 84,000 men attempted to move quickly through the South Mountain passes that separated him from Lee. The Battle of South Mountain on September 14 delayed McClellan's advance and allowed Lee sufficient time to concentrate most of his army at Sharpsburg. The Battle of Antietam (or Sharpsburg) on September 17 was the bloodiest day in American military history with over 22,000 casualties. Lee, outnumbered two to one, moved his defensive forces to parry each offensive blow, but McClellan never deployed all of the reserves of his army to capitalize on localized successes and destroy the Confederates. On September 18, Lee ordered a withdrawal across the Potomac and on September 19–20, fights by Lee's rear guard at Shepherdstown ended the campaign.Although Antietam was a tactical draw, Lee's Maryland Campaign failed to achieve its objectives. President Abraham Lincoln used this Union victory as the justification for announcing his Emancipation Proclamation, which effectively ended any threat of European support for the Confederacy.
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