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... Farmers and other water users do not respond passively to risk, but choose production strategies to manage risk. To represent this appropriately, it is necessary to analyse production under uncertainty in state-contingent terms. A general theory of state-contingent production is developed by Chambe ...
... Farmers and other water users do not respond passively to risk, but choose production strategies to manage risk. To represent this appropriately, it is necessary to analyse production under uncertainty in state-contingent terms. A general theory of state-contingent production is developed by Chambe ...
esg: the paris accord on climate change
... (INDCs), are non-binding and generally apply after 2020. In addition, these national commitments will need to be increased considerably to achieve the goal of keeping global temperature increase to 2°C, let alone well below that number. So despite the morale boost from the Paris Agreement, ultimatel ...
... (INDCs), are non-binding and generally apply after 2020. In addition, these national commitments will need to be increased considerably to achieve the goal of keeping global temperature increase to 2°C, let alone well below that number. So despite the morale boost from the Paris Agreement, ultimatel ...
First International Workshop on the “Responses of Marine Hazards
... over‐prediction of the sea surface temperature, particularly during the summer season. As the ocean surface layer determines the lower boundary conditions of the atmosphere, this deficiency has severely limited the performance of the coupled ocean‐atmospheric models and hence the ...
... over‐prediction of the sea surface temperature, particularly during the summer season. As the ocean surface layer determines the lower boundary conditions of the atmosphere, this deficiency has severely limited the performance of the coupled ocean‐atmospheric models and hence the ...
Climate Change and Its Impacts - National Center for Policy Analysis
... effect of changes in solar radiation on the Earth’s climate. Over the past 350 years, scientists have discovered cyclical changes in the Earth’s climate due to solar activity — such as increases and decreases in solar flares and sun spots. Some researchers have argued that solar variability may be re ...
... effect of changes in solar radiation on the Earth’s climate. Over the past 350 years, scientists have discovered cyclical changes in the Earth’s climate due to solar activity — such as increases and decreases in solar flares and sun spots. Some researchers have argued that solar variability may be re ...
Analysis of Existing Weather and Climate Information for Malawi
... performing model validation, and producing forecasts given updated data. Its design has been tailored for producing seasonal climate forecasts using model output statistic (MOS) corrections to climate predictions from general circulation models (GCMs), or for producing forecasts using fields of sea- ...
... performing model validation, and producing forecasts given updated data. Its design has been tailored for producing seasonal climate forecasts using model output statistic (MOS) corrections to climate predictions from general circulation models (GCMs), or for producing forecasts using fields of sea- ...
COASTS: how best can we adapt to the challenges of climate change?
... River bypass. While canal estates are banned in one state (NSW), they flourish in others causing damage to ecosystems and placing properties at risk of future inundation. And then there is the mess we have made of the Coorong and Lower Lakes: excessive upstream water extraction in four states depriv ...
... River bypass. While canal estates are banned in one state (NSW), they flourish in others causing damage to ecosystems and placing properties at risk of future inundation. And then there is the mess we have made of the Coorong and Lower Lakes: excessive upstream water extraction in four states depriv ...
Holocene periodicity in North Atlantic climate and deep
... ¯ow. The study site is under the in¯uence of Iceland±Scotland Over¯ow Water (ISOW), the ¯ow of which is an important component of the `thermohaline' circulation that modulates European climate. Flow changes coincide with some known climate events (the Little Ice Age and the Mediaeval Warm Period), a ...
... ¯ow. The study site is under the in¯uence of Iceland±Scotland Over¯ow Water (ISOW), the ¯ow of which is an important component of the `thermohaline' circulation that modulates European climate. Flow changes coincide with some known climate events (the Little Ice Age and the Mediaeval Warm Period), a ...
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... One reason that many assessments find relatively small aggregate impacts on U.S. agriculture is that temperature and precipitation changes under climate scenarios occur gradually over time, providing growers with opportunities to mitigate impacts by changing crops, altering planting times, and maki ...
... One reason that many assessments find relatively small aggregate impacts on U.S. agriculture is that temperature and precipitation changes under climate scenarios occur gradually over time, providing growers with opportunities to mitigate impacts by changing crops, altering planting times, and maki ...
Ch 13: Atmosphere and Climate Change
... Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. You know that the temperature and precipitation change with the seasons. But do you know what causes the seasons? The seasons result from the tilt of Earth’s axis (about 23.5° relative to the plane of its orbit). Because of this tilt, the ...
... Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. You know that the temperature and precipitation change with the seasons. But do you know what causes the seasons? The seasons result from the tilt of Earth’s axis (about 23.5° relative to the plane of its orbit). Because of this tilt, the ...
Climate change DRAFT
... Maximum, minimum and average temperatures are projected to continue to rise. For the near future (2030), the annually averaged warming is projected to be between 0.5 and 1.4°C above the climate of 1986–2005. By 2070, the projected range of warming is 1.0 to 3.2°C, depending on future emissions. ...
... Maximum, minimum and average temperatures are projected to continue to rise. For the near future (2030), the annually averaged warming is projected to be between 0.5 and 1.4°C above the climate of 1986–2005. By 2070, the projected range of warming is 1.0 to 3.2°C, depending on future emissions. ...
1. Introduction
... Resources will constrain the assessment. The approach chosen, i.e., the framework and the application of specific models or other tools, should best answer the questions posed by the stakeholders within the resource and time constraints. Once these questions above are addressed, it is then appropria ...
... Resources will constrain the assessment. The approach chosen, i.e., the framework and the application of specific models or other tools, should best answer the questions posed by the stakeholders within the resource and time constraints. Once these questions above are addressed, it is then appropria ...
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use
... The general circulation of the atmosphere describes the global three-dimensional structure of atmospheric winds. Halley [2] was probably the first to realize that the sphericity of the Earth and the resulting spatially non-uniform distribution of solar heating are the basic drivers behind this circu ...
... The general circulation of the atmosphere describes the global three-dimensional structure of atmospheric winds. Halley [2] was probably the first to realize that the sphericity of the Earth and the resulting spatially non-uniform distribution of solar heating are the basic drivers behind this circu ...
Deep uncertainty in long-term hurricane risk: Scenario generation and implications for future climate experiments
... cyclone frequency and intensity over the near- and long-term (Emanuel, 2005; Hoyos et al., 2006). They also have the advantage of being directly driven by large-scale climate variables (such as basin-scale sea surface temperatures) in which one can have greater confidence than in the grid-scale varia ...
... cyclone frequency and intensity over the near- and long-term (Emanuel, 2005; Hoyos et al., 2006). They also have the advantage of being directly driven by large-scale climate variables (such as basin-scale sea surface temperatures) in which one can have greater confidence than in the grid-scale varia ...
Volume 5, Number 4 - AGU Atmospheric Sciences Section
... pursued graduate studies in management-eventually I settled back on the greenhouse warming problem as my main career focus. As it turned out, I was fortunate enough to secure a position in Suki Manabe’s group in 1990 and enjoyed several years of work with Suki before he retired from GFDL. What would ...
... pursued graduate studies in management-eventually I settled back on the greenhouse warming problem as my main career focus. As it turned out, I was fortunate enough to secure a position in Suki Manabe’s group in 1990 and enjoyed several years of work with Suki before he retired from GFDL. What would ...
David A. Ridley - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
... Post-Doctoral Research Associate Improved and evaluated a global chemical transport model simulations of dust storms and their impacts on the biosphere. Evaluated model dust deposition through satellite observations. Institute of Climate and Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, UK (July 2008 – ...
... Post-Doctoral Research Associate Improved and evaluated a global chemical transport model simulations of dust storms and their impacts on the biosphere. Evaluated model dust deposition through satellite observations. Institute of Climate and Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, UK (July 2008 – ...
Appendix 1: Text of the Nottingham Declaration
... 1. London is likely to be particularly sensitive to increases in temperature in the future because of the urban heat island effect, which creates temperatures several degrees warmer than surrounding countryside areas, due to heat emitted from buildings, the heat absorbing qualities of built surfaces ...
... 1. London is likely to be particularly sensitive to increases in temperature in the future because of the urban heat island effect, which creates temperatures several degrees warmer than surrounding countryside areas, due to heat emitted from buildings, the heat absorbing qualities of built surfaces ...
Adaptation to climate change - European Commission
... the rest of the world. Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent or more intense, causing loss of life and damaging economic infrastructure. The latest report from the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warns, for example, that flash floods are likely to increase throughou ...
... the rest of the world. Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent or more intense, causing loss of life and damaging economic infrastructure. The latest report from the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warns, for example, that flash floods are likely to increase throughou ...
CO2 Variations, 1999 Mauna Loa, Hawaii
... Weather and Climate Weather – short-term changes in wind, clouds, temperature, and pressure in an atmosphere at a given location Climate – long-term average of the weather at a given location These are Earth’s global wind patterns or circulation • local weather systems move along with them • weat ...
... Weather and Climate Weather – short-term changes in wind, clouds, temperature, and pressure in an atmosphere at a given location Climate – long-term average of the weather at a given location These are Earth’s global wind patterns or circulation • local weather systems move along with them • weat ...
Feeling the heat: Australian landbirds and
... questionable. Indeed, observed recent shifts in the ranges of birds have often been inconsistent with the predictions of such models (Okes et al. 2008; Hockey and Midgley 2009; Hockey et al. 2011). There is growing realisation that the purely patternfocused basis of the climate-envelope modelling ap ...
... questionable. Indeed, observed recent shifts in the ranges of birds have often been inconsistent with the predictions of such models (Okes et al. 2008; Hockey and Midgley 2009; Hockey et al. 2011). There is growing realisation that the purely patternfocused basis of the climate-envelope modelling ap ...
TERMS OF REFERENCE Project: Ecological Organic Agriculture
... both developed and developing countries. In urban and rural areas, wage-labordependent poor households that are net buyers of food are expected to be particularly affected due to food price increases, including in regions with high food insecurity and high inequality (particularly in Africa). 1.1 Cl ...
... both developed and developing countries. In urban and rural areas, wage-labordependent poor households that are net buyers of food are expected to be particularly affected due to food price increases, including in regions with high food insecurity and high inequality (particularly in Africa). 1.1 Cl ...
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Model Building
... precinct captains how many officers should start work at each possible shift time. The fact that this number was required to be an integer made it far more difficult to find an optimal solution. ...
... precinct captains how many officers should start work at each possible shift time. The fact that this number was required to be an integer made it far more difficult to find an optimal solution. ...