Anthropogenic modification of the oceans
... slow. At the present time, a more complex picture is emerging, however. The previous understanding of how the rate of global overturning is controlled is being challenged (e.g. [12,13]). More recent work emphasizes the role of alternative factors (such as the need for dissipation of tidal energy on ...
... slow. At the present time, a more complex picture is emerging, however. The previous understanding of how the rate of global overturning is controlled is being challenged (e.g. [12,13]). More recent work emphasizes the role of alternative factors (such as the need for dissipation of tidal energy on ...
Chapter 6 _4_ - Mater Academy of International Studies
... Researching the Cause: Models and Questions Researchers had to determine whether current warming is part of a natural cycle or whether it is caused by human activity or by astronomical and geological changes. The IPCC report documents that concentrations of carbon dioxide and several other greenhous ...
... Researching the Cause: Models and Questions Researchers had to determine whether current warming is part of a natural cycle or whether it is caused by human activity or by astronomical and geological changes. The IPCC report documents that concentrations of carbon dioxide and several other greenhous ...
“The role of conflict for optimal climate and immigration policy
... that is endogenously determined by the extent of climate change. Accepting these migrants allows increases in local production, but, as argued above, gives rise to internal conflicts. In addition, those potential migrants that are forced to move due to climate change but that are not allowed to imm ...
... that is endogenously determined by the extent of climate change. Accepting these migrants allows increases in local production, but, as argued above, gives rise to internal conflicts. In addition, those potential migrants that are forced to move due to climate change but that are not allowed to imm ...
6.4 Meeting Ecological Challenges
... Researching the Cause: Models and Questions Researchers had to determine whether current warming is part of a natural cycle or whether it is caused by human activity or by astronomical and geological changes. The IPCC report documents that concentrations of carbon dioxide and several other greenhous ...
... Researching the Cause: Models and Questions Researchers had to determine whether current warming is part of a natural cycle or whether it is caused by human activity or by astronomical and geological changes. The IPCC report documents that concentrations of carbon dioxide and several other greenhous ...
Executive Summary - Forest Watch
... key Sectors (Forestry, Water Resources, and Human Health) for detailed consideration, and three key concerns or issues likely to affect these Sectors if climate change continues (Air Quality, Seasonal Dynamics, and Extreme Weather Events). The Final Report of the NERA is offerred in two forms: A Fou ...
... key Sectors (Forestry, Water Resources, and Human Health) for detailed consideration, and three key concerns or issues likely to affect these Sectors if climate change continues (Air Quality, Seasonal Dynamics, and Extreme Weather Events). The Final Report of the NERA is offerred in two forms: A Fou ...
Fritz Reusswig, Lutz Meyer-Ohlendorf Social Representation of
... (Fleming 1998; Weart 2003). Measured global warming until today adds up to no more than an increase of 0.8◦ C of Global Mean Temperature (GMT) since the 19th century (IPCC 2007). GMT is a statistical construct that integrates across all geographical regions, seasonal differences as well as day/night- ...
... (Fleming 1998; Weart 2003). Measured global warming until today adds up to no more than an increase of 0.8◦ C of Global Mean Temperature (GMT) since the 19th century (IPCC 2007). GMT is a statistical construct that integrates across all geographical regions, seasonal differences as well as day/night- ...
corporate conquistadors - Corporate Europe Observatory
... how urgent it is to put the brakes on dirty energy, the fossil fuel industry, with Repsol as a leading actor, is methodically moving in exactly the opposite direction. Since its emergence onto the international scene in the late 1990s, the Spanish oil and gas giant has quickly risen to the major lea ...
... how urgent it is to put the brakes on dirty energy, the fossil fuel industry, with Repsol as a leading actor, is methodically moving in exactly the opposite direction. Since its emergence onto the international scene in the late 1990s, the Spanish oil and gas giant has quickly risen to the major lea ...
Implementation of the Framework Convention on Climate Change in
... mitigation and adaptation issues. They provide for conservation and restoration by 2020 of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to the reduction of anthropogenic pressures on the Open Ocean, and minimization of ocean acidification. There may be some positive impacts, tho ...
... mitigation and adaptation issues. They provide for conservation and restoration by 2020 of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to the reduction of anthropogenic pressures on the Open Ocean, and minimization of ocean acidification. There may be some positive impacts, tho ...
- Wiley Online Library
... of soils with high specific surface area (SSA) and result in lower measures of Ψs at a given soil water content compared to low SSA soils (Cosby et al., 1984). Fine clay soils of particle diameter less than 0.002 mm have a SSA up to 840 m2 g1, whereas the SSA for gravel soils of diameter 2 mm may b ...
... of soils with high specific surface area (SSA) and result in lower measures of Ψs at a given soil water content compared to low SSA soils (Cosby et al., 1984). Fine clay soils of particle diameter less than 0.002 mm have a SSA up to 840 m2 g1, whereas the SSA for gravel soils of diameter 2 mm may b ...
The Promises and Perils of Geoengineering Simon Nicholson
... small vessel consisting of a transparent material designed to reflect solar radiation, all launched into orbit using a system of ion propulsion. Angel has suggested that such a scheme could be in place in as few as 25 years, for a cost of a few trillion dollars.17 Carbon Dioxide Removal. While SRM o ...
... small vessel consisting of a transparent material designed to reflect solar radiation, all launched into orbit using a system of ion propulsion. Angel has suggested that such a scheme could be in place in as few as 25 years, for a cost of a few trillion dollars.17 Carbon Dioxide Removal. While SRM o ...
G8 Climate Governance, 1975-2008
... global environmental regime. Peter Haas (2002) similarly suggests that the G8 is an effective environmental leader because of its small size, frequent meetings and focus on national interests. Haas (2008) more recently argues that the G8+5 has seen effective cooperation in mitigation technology beca ...
... global environmental regime. Peter Haas (2002) similarly suggests that the G8 is an effective environmental leader because of its small size, frequent meetings and focus on national interests. Haas (2008) more recently argues that the G8+5 has seen effective cooperation in mitigation technology beca ...
Myanmar`s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
... Strategic Framework again with associated action plans. With respect to adaptation, in 2016 Myanmar will start the elaboration of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) to provide more detail to guide its ongoing adaptive efforts. The process of socio-economic development will likely lead to increased d ...
... Strategic Framework again with associated action plans. With respect to adaptation, in 2016 Myanmar will start the elaboration of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) to provide more detail to guide its ongoing adaptive efforts. The process of socio-economic development will likely lead to increased d ...
The Positive Externalities of Carbon Dioxide
... benefits. Chief among such positive externalities is the economic value added to global crop production by several growth-enhancing properties of atmospheric CO2 enrichment. As literally thousands of laboratory and field studies have demonstrated, elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 have been conclus ...
... benefits. Chief among such positive externalities is the economic value added to global crop production by several growth-enhancing properties of atmospheric CO2 enrichment. As literally thousands of laboratory and field studies have demonstrated, elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 have been conclus ...
Adaptation Planning – What Other States are Doing
... The scientific community has reached a strong consensus that the climate is changing. Current projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate the continental United State can expect temperature increases of between 5.4ºF and 12.6ºF by the year 2100.1 This warming will ha ...
... The scientific community has reached a strong consensus that the climate is changing. Current projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate the continental United State can expect temperature increases of between 5.4ºF and 12.6ºF by the year 2100.1 This warming will ha ...
U.S Inequality: Debt Constraints or Incomplete Asset Markets?
... matter if agents are sufficiently patient, and that models with only debt constraints are simpler and produce results similar to standard incomplete market models. On the issue of inequality, Krueger & Perri (KP, 2002) argue that debt-constrained models2 can better explain the rising inequality in the ...
... matter if agents are sufficiently patient, and that models with only debt constraints are simpler and produce results similar to standard incomplete market models. On the issue of inequality, Krueger & Perri (KP, 2002) argue that debt-constrained models2 can better explain the rising inequality in the ...
- Wiley Online Library
... the dependence increased trend uncertainty by about 50%. If we should increase the error bars in Figure 1 by 50%, they would still be small compared with the year-to-year fluctuations seen, and we may believe that these year-toyear fluctuations are real geophysical changes and not just measurement unc ...
... the dependence increased trend uncertainty by about 50%. If we should increase the error bars in Figure 1 by 50%, they would still be small compared with the year-to-year fluctuations seen, and we may believe that these year-toyear fluctuations are real geophysical changes and not just measurement unc ...
Climate Change and Tourism - United Nations Department of
... The IPCC has projected that the pace of climate change is ‘very likely’ (> 90% probability) to accelerate with continued greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at or above current rates, with the best estimate that globally averaged surface temperatures will rise by ...
... The IPCC has projected that the pace of climate change is ‘very likely’ (> 90% probability) to accelerate with continued greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at or above current rates, with the best estimate that globally averaged surface temperatures will rise by ...
Efficient construction of reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo
... proposal distribution with variance σ 2 , very small values of σ 2 will lead to small jumps which are almost all accepted, whereas large values will lead to an excessively high rejection probability for proposed moves. Thus, the scaling problem will typically have an optimal value for the proposal s ...
... proposal distribution with variance σ 2 , very small values of σ 2 will lead to small jumps which are almost all accepted, whereas large values will lead to an excessively high rejection probability for proposed moves. Thus, the scaling problem will typically have an optimal value for the proposal s ...
A Climate Change Exposure Summary for Species and
... This section summarizes climate change projections for Maine from Jacobson et al. (2009) and Frumhoff et al. (2007) and highlights recent (<150 years) climate trends. Readers should review these reports for more information. Finer-scale projections for Maine were not included because they were not b ...
... This section summarizes climate change projections for Maine from Jacobson et al. (2009) and Frumhoff et al. (2007) and highlights recent (<150 years) climate trends. Readers should review these reports for more information. Finer-scale projections for Maine were not included because they were not b ...
MODELING THE EMISSIONS OF NITROUS OXIDE ) FROM THE (N
... sions from wet tundra are calculated by assuming a constant small methane flux and an emission season defined by the time period when the surface temperature is above the freezing point. The hydrological model and the two-factor model are driven by surface temperature and precipitation, which links ...
... sions from wet tundra are calculated by assuming a constant small methane flux and an emission season defined by the time period when the surface temperature is above the freezing point. The hydrological model and the two-factor model are driven by surface temperature and precipitation, which links ...
Climate finance for cities: how can climate funds best support low
... 1. Why focus on cities? 1.1 The urban climate challenge Cities have gained increasing recognition as critical battlegrounds in the fight against climate change. The heightened efficiency that cities afford through densification is a major reason for their formation, and means that on the whole urba ...
... 1. Why focus on cities? 1.1 The urban climate challenge Cities have gained increasing recognition as critical battlegrounds in the fight against climate change. The heightened efficiency that cities afford through densification is a major reason for their formation, and means that on the whole urba ...
A negative feedback between anthropogenic ozone pollution and
... In order to assess the anthropogenic effect on the natural cycle of iodine in the MBL, two different runs were defined time-wise: present day (PD run) and pre-industrial time (PI run); these are representative of the emissions and resulting atmospheric chemical conditions of 2000 and 1850, respectiv ...
... In order to assess the anthropogenic effect on the natural cycle of iodine in the MBL, two different runs were defined time-wise: present day (PD run) and pre-industrial time (PI run); these are representative of the emissions and resulting atmospheric chemical conditions of 2000 and 1850, respectiv ...
print version
... is very small, often less than 200 m. Thus because temperature changes in this shallow layer can be strongly influenced by land use changes or external forcing such as downward longwave radiation from greenhouse gases, aerosols, thin clouds/contrails, et cetera, they are not a robust measure of chan ...
... is very small, often less than 200 m. Thus because temperature changes in this shallow layer can be strongly influenced by land use changes or external forcing such as downward longwave radiation from greenhouse gases, aerosols, thin clouds/contrails, et cetera, they are not a robust measure of chan ...
Future Changes in Northern Hemisphere Snowfall
... cover since the 1920s has decreased little during the peak of the winter seasons. Decreases in snow cover extent and increased variability, however, are noted in the fall and spring transition seasons. Upward trends in higher-latitude temperatures are implicated in the observed trends in snow cover, ...
... cover since the 1920s has decreased little during the peak of the winter seasons. Decreases in snow cover extent and increased variability, however, are noted in the fall and spring transition seasons. Upward trends in higher-latitude temperatures are implicated in the observed trends in snow cover, ...