Climate Commitments: Assessing the Options
... has focused on fixed, countrywide emissions targets, pegged to an historical base-year emissions level (generally, 1990 emissions). The Kyoto Protocol, for example, requires industrialized countries to achieve predetermined, fixed levels of emissions for the 2008-2012 commitment period.7 In this res ...
... has focused on fixed, countrywide emissions targets, pegged to an historical base-year emissions level (generally, 1990 emissions). The Kyoto Protocol, for example, requires industrialized countries to achieve predetermined, fixed levels of emissions for the 2008-2012 commitment period.7 In this res ...
Global urban land-use trends and climate impacts
... are strongly correlated with patterns of economic development [20,23]. When economic development is driven by shifts in the economy from agriculture to manufacturing, it leads to more expansive urban land-use change than the economic transition from manufacturing to services [24]. In many developing ...
... are strongly correlated with patterns of economic development [20,23]. When economic development is driven by shifts in the economy from agriculture to manufacturing, it leads to more expansive urban land-use change than the economic transition from manufacturing to services [24]. In many developing ...
Methane, the Clathrate-gun conjecture and a disturbed
... system: setting the agenda to 2030 ] Opening remarks on the carbon cycle There has been a planetary carbon-cycle for a very long time. Carbon in the atmosphere is resident mostly as carbon dioxide (CO2) and this CO2 is in part exchanged over very short time scales, for example seasonally, with sinks ...
... system: setting the agenda to 2030 ] Opening remarks on the carbon cycle There has been a planetary carbon-cycle for a very long time. Carbon in the atmosphere is resident mostly as carbon dioxide (CO2) and this CO2 is in part exchanged over very short time scales, for example seasonally, with sinks ...
Weathercaster Views on Informal Climate Education: Similarities
... are universally agreed upon by all parties? (5) What do you see as your role as a weathercaster to educate your viewers about climate change? Weathercasters were recruited at a professional meeting of the American Meteorological Society (n = 48), and were given 20–30 minutes to write their answers s ...
... are universally agreed upon by all parties? (5) What do you see as your role as a weathercaster to educate your viewers about climate change? Weathercasters were recruited at a professional meeting of the American Meteorological Society (n = 48), and were given 20–30 minutes to write their answers s ...
Vulnerability of coastal communities to key
... portfolios of occupations, and is therefore able to capture a households general ability to adapt to change. The sensitivity measure, in contrast, only focuses on the extent to which households are engaged in fishery versus non-fishery-related occupations, and how they rank their relative importance. ...
... portfolios of occupations, and is therefore able to capture a households general ability to adapt to change. The sensitivity measure, in contrast, only focuses on the extent to which households are engaged in fishery versus non-fishery-related occupations, and how they rank their relative importance. ...
Climate change adaptation plan for the
... On the Montréal agglomeration territory, the impacts of the increase in average temperatures on the built environment are mainly observed in the wintertime. The increased number of freeze-thaw cycles entails an accelerated deterioration of the arteries of the Montréal roadway system and a greater pr ...
... On the Montréal agglomeration territory, the impacts of the increase in average temperatures on the built environment are mainly observed in the wintertime. The increased number of freeze-thaw cycles entails an accelerated deterioration of the arteries of the Montréal roadway system and a greater pr ...
CLIMATE CHANGE – Refining the Impacts for Ireland
... Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained in this publication, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Neither the Environmental Protection Agency nor the author(s) accept any responsibility whatsoever for loss or damage occasioned or claimed to have been o ...
... Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained in this publication, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Neither the Environmental Protection Agency nor the author(s) accept any responsibility whatsoever for loss or damage occasioned or claimed to have been o ...
5. Conclusion: Political change in social
... emerging in the wake of new science of the 1970s including nonequilibrium thermodynamics, complexity approaches and chaos theory. Social-ecological systems (SESs) are CASs with human-social and ecological elements. CAS approaches as applied to social-ecological systems are still very much in flux a ...
... emerging in the wake of new science of the 1970s including nonequilibrium thermodynamics, complexity approaches and chaos theory. Social-ecological systems (SESs) are CASs with human-social and ecological elements. CAS approaches as applied to social-ecological systems are still very much in flux a ...
Vulnerability of Fraser River Sockeye salmon to climate change
... all stages in the life cycle of sockeye salmon. Second, we use the available scientific literature to provide a basis for structuring and eliciting judgments from fisheries science and management experts who do research on and manage these systems. Third, we also consider prospects for mitigation of ...
... all stages in the life cycle of sockeye salmon. Second, we use the available scientific literature to provide a basis for structuring and eliciting judgments from fisheries science and management experts who do research on and manage these systems. Third, we also consider prospects for mitigation of ...
Proceedings WARMING UP SEMINAR
... variability, more floods and droughts, higher temperatures, more storms and high winds, Proceedings Warming Up Seminar: ...
... variability, more floods and droughts, higher temperatures, more storms and high winds, Proceedings Warming Up Seminar: ...
Document
... consortium. The project is funded for four years (2008 to 2012) by the European Commission within its Seventh Framework Programme. This article describes EPOCA and explains its different aspects, objectives, and products. Following a general introduction, six boxes highlight outcomes, techniques, an ...
... consortium. The project is funded for four years (2008 to 2012) by the European Commission within its Seventh Framework Programme. This article describes EPOCA and explains its different aspects, objectives, and products. Following a general introduction, six boxes highlight outcomes, techniques, an ...
Climate Change Impacts and Spatial Planning Decision Support
... when they consider options for development. However, climate change presents another very different challenge, one which most planners will be aware of, but may not have sufficient information, time or guidance to consider fully. Concentrating on climate change adaptation (as opposed to climate chan ...
... when they consider options for development. However, climate change presents another very different challenge, one which most planners will be aware of, but may not have sufficient information, time or guidance to consider fully. Concentrating on climate change adaptation (as opposed to climate chan ...
Senate Inquiry into the Kyoto Protocol
... Climate change will have the greatest impact on agriculture (compared to any other sector in the economy). Farmers, more than anyone else, depend upon the land and environment for their continued livelihood – they deal with the climate on a daily basis. For agriculture, climate change could lead to: ...
... Climate change will have the greatest impact on agriculture (compared to any other sector in the economy). Farmers, more than anyone else, depend upon the land and environment for their continued livelihood – they deal with the climate on a daily basis. For agriculture, climate change could lead to: ...
Climate Futures for Tasmania: water and catchments technical report
... The potential impact of climate change on community, business and industry is nowhere more apparent than in hydropower. At Hydro Tasmania we’re pleased to continue an association with cutting-edge climate research that commenced in 2005 with the initial trial application of dynamical downscaling to ...
... The potential impact of climate change on community, business and industry is nowhere more apparent than in hydropower. At Hydro Tasmania we’re pleased to continue an association with cutting-edge climate research that commenced in 2005 with the initial trial application of dynamical downscaling to ...
Intensification of winter transatlantic aviation turbulence in response
... amount and type of assimilated data may partly account for these trends. In addition, moderate-or-greater upper-level turbulence has been found to increase over the period 1994–2005 in pilot reports in the United States23 . However, it is difficult to assign much significance to this trend, because ...
... amount and type of assimilated data may partly account for these trends. In addition, moderate-or-greater upper-level turbulence has been found to increase over the period 1994–2005 in pilot reports in the United States23 . However, it is difficult to assign much significance to this trend, because ...
Document
... Climate change has been described as a stress factor that increases migration pressure in “climate hot spots” (WBGU 2007; Warner et al., 2010) and the likelihood of conflict because migrants could compete with the resident population for scarce resources such as farmland, housing, water, employment, ...
... Climate change has been described as a stress factor that increases migration pressure in “climate hot spots” (WBGU 2007; Warner et al., 2010) and the likelihood of conflict because migrants could compete with the resident population for scarce resources such as farmland, housing, water, employment, ...
10 Cenozoic Climatic Record for Monsoonal Rainfall over the Indian
... core records along with other proxy based records provides an evidence signifying a strong coupling between CO2 and global temperature for at least the last ~65 m.y. (million years) (Petit et al., 1999; Siegenthaler et al., 2005, Zachos et al., 2001). The intensification of convective hydrological c ...
... core records along with other proxy based records provides an evidence signifying a strong coupling between CO2 and global temperature for at least the last ~65 m.y. (million years) (Petit et al., 1999; Siegenthaler et al., 2005, Zachos et al., 2001). The intensification of convective hydrological c ...
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan Guidebook
... sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases. Examples include using fossil fuels more efficiently for industrial processes or electricity generation, switching to renewable energy (solar energy or wind power), improving the insulation of buildings, and expanding forests and other “sinks” to rem ...
... sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases. Examples include using fossil fuels more efficiently for industrial processes or electricity generation, switching to renewable energy (solar energy or wind power), improving the insulation of buildings, and expanding forests and other “sinks” to rem ...
Episodic Ocean-Induced CO2 Greenhouse on Mars: Implications for
... Mars’ atmosphere relatively late in the planet’s history, we utilized the climate model of Haberle et al. (1994). This model was originally employed to explore how the evolution of surface temperatures and pressures on Mars from 4.5 Ga to the present depends upon the initial CO2 abundances. The Habe ...
... Mars’ atmosphere relatively late in the planet’s history, we utilized the climate model of Haberle et al. (1994). This model was originally employed to explore how the evolution of surface temperatures and pressures on Mars from 4.5 Ga to the present depends upon the initial CO2 abundances. The Habe ...
Increasing the influence of LDC climate diplomacy
... session of the Major Economies Forum, and it was the first time that a group that large came together at a ministerial level specifically to focus on climate change as a foreign policy priority. I’m very, very pleased that now we’re growing still as more and more countries are joining the significan ...
... session of the Major Economies Forum, and it was the first time that a group that large came together at a ministerial level specifically to focus on climate change as a foreign policy priority. I’m very, very pleased that now we’re growing still as more and more countries are joining the significan ...
Smith et al. 2008
... lepida (the desert woodrat) is much smaller (∼85–240 g) and found in low elevation xeric sites from extreme southeast Oregon and southern Idaho, through Nevada, California, and Baja California and surrounding islands in Mexico (Hall, 1981). In contrast, N. cinerea (the busytailed woodrat) is a large ...
... lepida (the desert woodrat) is much smaller (∼85–240 g) and found in low elevation xeric sites from extreme southeast Oregon and southern Idaho, through Nevada, California, and Baja California and surrounding islands in Mexico (Hall, 1981). In contrast, N. cinerea (the busytailed woodrat) is a large ...
Document
... through time. We propose to drill a transect of three, triple APC-cored sites into the Quaternary hemipelagic sediments across the present day OMZ of the central-western margin of India. We will reconstruct the OMZ history during the Holocene – Pleistocene period, particularly focusing on specific t ...
... through time. We propose to drill a transect of three, triple APC-cored sites into the Quaternary hemipelagic sediments across the present day OMZ of the central-western margin of India. We will reconstruct the OMZ history during the Holocene – Pleistocene period, particularly focusing on specific t ...
Footprints of climate change on Mediterranean Sea biota
... temperature associated to each reported impact was very heterogeneous. Different papers used different temperature diagnostics (e.g., monthly mean, instantaneous values), from different instruments and at different depths. Therefore, in order to use a homogenized temperature diagnostic, we have used ...
... temperature associated to each reported impact was very heterogeneous. Different papers used different temperature diagnostics (e.g., monthly mean, instantaneous values), from different instruments and at different depths. Therefore, in order to use a homogenized temperature diagnostic, we have used ...
A conceptual framework for monitoring climate effects and feedback
... acknowledge that although large‐scale trends in climate changes in the Arctic display clear trends of, for example, increased temperature and retreating sea ice cover, such changes are not necessarily observed in local climate. In fact, what have been observed at Zackenberg over the last ten year ...
... acknowledge that although large‐scale trends in climate changes in the Arctic display clear trends of, for example, increased temperature and retreating sea ice cover, such changes are not necessarily observed in local climate. In fact, what have been observed at Zackenberg over the last ten year ...
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
... determined that a single atom of chlorine released into the atmosphere is able to destroy tens of thousands of unstable ozone molecules (O3) (Stolarski and Cicerone, 1974). The ‘ozone layer,’ a band of the atmosphere in which ozone concentrations are high, was already recognised as vital in preventi ...
... determined that a single atom of chlorine released into the atmosphere is able to destroy tens of thousands of unstable ozone molecules (O3) (Stolarski and Cicerone, 1974). The ‘ozone layer,’ a band of the atmosphere in which ozone concentrations are high, was already recognised as vital in preventi ...