W8-6: Climate Change and Food Security
... means it is vulnerable to rising global food prices. Despite the availability of land and water (Tigris and Euphrates), productivity of agribusiness is very low. 1.25 metric tons of wheat per hectare Poor agricultural practices The quality of research in Iraq is poor Poor interface between t ...
... means it is vulnerable to rising global food prices. Despite the availability of land and water (Tigris and Euphrates), productivity of agribusiness is very low. 1.25 metric tons of wheat per hectare Poor agricultural practices The quality of research in Iraq is poor Poor interface between t ...
Rushing to Judgment Spring2003, Vol. 27, Issue 2 Academic Search Premier
... included in computer models if the models are to be useful indicators of future climate. When climate models are finally able to incorporate the full complexity of pollution effects, especially from aerosols, the projected global temperature change could be either higher or lower than current projec ...
... included in computer models if the models are to be useful indicators of future climate. When climate models are finally able to incorporate the full complexity of pollution effects, especially from aerosols, the projected global temperature change could be either higher or lower than current projec ...
Title: Rushing to Judgment , By: Hollander, Jack M
... included in computer models if the models are to be useful indicators of future climate. When climate models are finally able to incorporate the full complexity of pollution effects, especially from aerosols, the projected global temperature change could be either higher or lower than current projec ...
... included in computer models if the models are to be useful indicators of future climate. When climate models are finally able to incorporate the full complexity of pollution effects, especially from aerosols, the projected global temperature change could be either higher or lower than current projec ...
New Scientist - India Environment Portal
... security? It sounds too good to be true, but it is possible. It won't be free or easy, but with some effort and moderate investment, it can be done. The way to do it is to reduce emissions leading to two types of pollution: black carbon and ozone. These are the only pollutants that we know contribut ...
... security? It sounds too good to be true, but it is possible. It won't be free or easy, but with some effort and moderate investment, it can be done. The way to do it is to reduce emissions leading to two types of pollution: black carbon and ozone. These are the only pollutants that we know contribut ...
Chapter 15
... • Concept 15-4 Considerable scientific evidence indicates that emissions of greenhouse gases into the earth’s atmosphere from human activities will lead to significant climate change during this century. ...
... • Concept 15-4 Considerable scientific evidence indicates that emissions of greenhouse gases into the earth’s atmosphere from human activities will lead to significant climate change during this century. ...
Does pre-industrial warming double the anthropogenic total?
... 2003). The other major candidate for pre-industrial aerosol effects on climate is biomass burning. Black carbon from biomass burning has had several opposing effects on estimated industrial-era climatic forcing (IPCC, 2013). Direct aerosol effects are thought to have produced a warming, but opposing ...
... 2003). The other major candidate for pre-industrial aerosol effects on climate is biomass burning. Black carbon from biomass burning has had several opposing effects on estimated industrial-era climatic forcing (IPCC, 2013). Direct aerosol effects are thought to have produced a warming, but opposing ...
48. Global Warming and Climate Change
... While the overall pattern of recent warming indeed resembles what one would expect from an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, the magnitude of that warming may be overestimated. The temperature trends shown in Figure 48.1 are from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (20 ...
... While the overall pattern of recent warming indeed resembles what one would expect from an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, the magnitude of that warming may be overestimated. The temperature trends shown in Figure 48.1 are from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (20 ...
How reliable are climate models? By Laure Montandon 3/19/07 ATOC7500
... • no truly global data exist prior to modern satellite era (circa 1980), • disparities between satellite measurements exist, • non-trivial variations among in situ instrumental datasets, • large error in proxy data (e.g. tree rings, ice cores, lake sediments, etc.) ⇒ climate record is an indispensab ...
... • no truly global data exist prior to modern satellite era (circa 1980), • disparities between satellite measurements exist, • non-trivial variations among in situ instrumental datasets, • large error in proxy data (e.g. tree rings, ice cores, lake sediments, etc.) ⇒ climate record is an indispensab ...
Does climate change affect seismic activity?
... Does climate change affect seismic activity? Scientists developed the theory of plate tectonics using significant evidence including sea floor spreading, earthquakes and volcanic activity. The theory was refined over time through a process of review by the scientific community. Sometimes claims seem ...
... Does climate change affect seismic activity? Scientists developed the theory of plate tectonics using significant evidence including sea floor spreading, earthquakes and volcanic activity. The theory was refined over time through a process of review by the scientific community. Sometimes claims seem ...
A well defined and reassuring response to potential health impacts
... Not a stand-alone issue; risk assessment/risk management objective that must be – ...
... Not a stand-alone issue; risk assessment/risk management objective that must be – ...
AOSS_NRE_480_L15_International_Policy_20150226
... – Targets apply to CO2-equivalent emissions of basket of six GHGs – Can use carbon sinks (e.g. forests) as offsets ...
... – Targets apply to CO2-equivalent emissions of basket of six GHGs – Can use carbon sinks (e.g. forests) as offsets ...
New York Review of Books - Yale Economics
... system. Among the global-scale tipping points identified by earth scientists are the collapse of large ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, changes in ocean circulation, feedback processes by which warming triggers more warming, and the acidification of the ocean. 7 The thrust of CHL’s argument i ...
... system. Among the global-scale tipping points identified by earth scientists are the collapse of large ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, changes in ocean circulation, feedback processes by which warming triggers more warming, and the acidification of the ocean. 7 The thrust of CHL’s argument i ...
Integrity of Creation
... Global warming happens when the concentration of certain gases, known as greenhouse gases (GHG) increases in the atmosphere because of human and industrial activity, especially CO2, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The main GHG is carbon dioxide, which is mostly produced as a biproduct of the use of ...
... Global warming happens when the concentration of certain gases, known as greenhouse gases (GHG) increases in the atmosphere because of human and industrial activity, especially CO2, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The main GHG is carbon dioxide, which is mostly produced as a biproduct of the use of ...
APS Climate Change Statement Workshop Expert Bios
... how best to understand the relatively low efficiency with which the atmosphere generates kinetic energy; how changes in the water vapor distribution in the atmosphere as climate warms produce a positive feedback on this warming; factors that control how the poleward energy transport is partitioned b ...
... how best to understand the relatively low efficiency with which the atmosphere generates kinetic energy; how changes in the water vapor distribution in the atmosphere as climate warms produce a positive feedback on this warming; factors that control how the poleward energy transport is partitioned b ...
climatechange - Otterville R
... Arctic are melting permafrost releasing more CO2 and CH4 into the troposphere. During the last century, the world’s sea level rose by 10-20 cm, mostly due to runoff from melting and land-based ice and the expansion of ocean water as temperatures rise. ...
... Arctic are melting permafrost releasing more CO2 and CH4 into the troposphere. During the last century, the world’s sea level rose by 10-20 cm, mostly due to runoff from melting and land-based ice and the expansion of ocean water as temperatures rise. ...
Lesson Plan - life.illinois.edu
... their own prior knowledge and the climate maps on display. After several minutes, discuss several of the predictions to get a feel for the major concepts that 1) ecosystem shifts are expected over the next 100 years, and 2) many factors may complicate the actual responses of ecosystems to climate ch ...
... their own prior knowledge and the climate maps on display. After several minutes, discuss several of the predictions to get a feel for the major concepts that 1) ecosystem shifts are expected over the next 100 years, and 2) many factors may complicate the actual responses of ecosystems to climate ch ...
lecture_20
... “Climate model projections were summarized in the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). They indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 2.9 °C (2 to 5.2 °F change) for their lowest em ...
... “Climate model projections were summarized in the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). They indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 2.9 °C (2 to 5.2 °F change) for their lowest em ...
Climate Change & Allergic Airway Disease
... bear might not be the only threatened species “How it threatens your health” ...
... bear might not be the only threatened species “How it threatens your health” ...
Global Warming: Attribution, who is to blame?
... state of the earth-atmosphere system and the state variables along with higher order statistics. Also, we must describe extremes and recurrence frequencies. ...
... state of the earth-atmosphere system and the state variables along with higher order statistics. Also, we must describe extremes and recurrence frequencies. ...
Meeting the Climate-Change Challenge John P. Holdren
... We know why: Human vs natural influences 1750-2005 (watts/m2) Human emissions leading to increases in… atmospheric carbon dioxide ...
... We know why: Human vs natural influences 1750-2005 (watts/m2) Human emissions leading to increases in… atmospheric carbon dioxide ...
The Greenhouse Effect Lab
... The Sun powers Earth’s climate, radiating energy, to balance the absorbed incoming energy, the Earth must, radiate the same amount of energy back to space. Much of the thermal radiation emitted by the land and ocean is absorbed by the atmosphere, including clouds, and reradiated back to Earth. This ...
... The Sun powers Earth’s climate, radiating energy, to balance the absorbed incoming energy, the Earth must, radiate the same amount of energy back to space. Much of the thermal radiation emitted by the land and ocean is absorbed by the atmosphere, including clouds, and reradiated back to Earth. This ...
Climate Change - climateknowledge.org
... Starting point: A fundamental conclusion • Based on the scientific foundation of our understanding of the Earth’s climate, we predict with virtual certainty – The average global temperature of the Earth’s surface will continue to rise because due to the continuing addition of gases into the atmosph ...
... Starting point: A fundamental conclusion • Based on the scientific foundation of our understanding of the Earth’s climate, we predict with virtual certainty – The average global temperature of the Earth’s surface will continue to rise because due to the continuing addition of gases into the atmosph ...
• Gases (permanent and variable) • Water (droplets and ice
... 7. On the plot below, draw the atmospheric pressure profile. Does atmospheric pressure decrease faster in the lower atmosphere or in the upper atmosphere? • Pressure decreases faster in the lower atmosphere, decreases slower in the ...
... 7. On the plot below, draw the atmospheric pressure profile. Does atmospheric pressure decrease faster in the lower atmosphere or in the upper atmosphere? • Pressure decreases faster in the lower atmosphere, decreases slower in the ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.