Proof that CO2 is not the Cause of the Current
... CO2 is used here as the suite of minor greenhouse gasses (i.e., excluding the major greenhouse gas water vapour) often denominated as CO2-e ...
... CO2 is used here as the suite of minor greenhouse gasses (i.e., excluding the major greenhouse gas water vapour) often denominated as CO2-e ...
Spring 2014
... allowable future GHG emissions and allocations among developed and developing countries given the policy goal of limiting global average temperature increase to 2 C. Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, deforestation and agriculture are increasin ...
... allowable future GHG emissions and allocations among developed and developing countries given the policy goal of limiting global average temperature increase to 2 C. Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, deforestation and agriculture are increasin ...
Evaluating societal impacts related to air quality and climate
... All impacts assumed proportional to global mean annual average radiative forcing or temperature change Air Quality falls under a variety of rules, costs typically analyzed for major legislation ...
... All impacts assumed proportional to global mean annual average radiative forcing or temperature change Air Quality falls under a variety of rules, costs typically analyzed for major legislation ...
In Hot Water - Preparing for Climate Change
... • The report's conclusion is that the technologies and sustainable energy resources known or available today are sufficient to meet this challenge, and there is still sufficient time to build up and deploy them, but only if the necessary decisions are made in the next two years. ...
... • The report's conclusion is that the technologies and sustainable energy resources known or available today are sufficient to meet this challenge, and there is still sufficient time to build up and deploy them, but only if the necessary decisions are made in the next two years. ...
Slide 1
... In New Zealand: – Drought costs in 1997/98 estimated at $1 billion – Lower North Island floods in 2004 estimated at over $300 million ...
... In New Zealand: – Drought costs in 1997/98 estimated at $1 billion – Lower North Island floods in 2004 estimated at over $300 million ...
Lecture4_Paleoclimate_Solar_Climate
... • Volcanic ejecta may block sunlight • Need many eruptions in short time period • Not observed in recent history ...
... • Volcanic ejecta may block sunlight • Need many eruptions in short time period • Not observed in recent history ...
Climate Change Position Statement, Dissenting View Eos
... statement. I started from their statement and accepted what I could, as well as sought to remain close to their length. I sought to answer the following questions, which the statement, as accepted by the committee, incompletely addresses or does not address at all. • What is the definition of climat ...
... statement. I started from their statement and accepted what I could, as well as sought to remain close to their length. I sought to answer the following questions, which the statement, as accepted by the committee, incompletely addresses or does not address at all. • What is the definition of climat ...
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
... initiative in Africa, according to a recent analysis. Among the challenges are the existence of a number of redundant and parallel initiatives, and weak technical and institutional capacities. REDD+ goes beyond deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable ...
... initiative in Africa, according to a recent analysis. Among the challenges are the existence of a number of redundant and parallel initiatives, and weak technical and institutional capacities. REDD+ goes beyond deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable ...
`Sustainable Business Innovation` .
... International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines as: “An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases.” ...
... International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines as: “An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases.” ...
CATO HANDBOOK CONGRESS FOR
... humans have already altered the natural greenhouse effect—roughly from the start of the Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century to the present. The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide—the main greenhouse emission resulting from human activity—varied from 260 to 320 parts per million ( ...
... humans have already altered the natural greenhouse effect—roughly from the start of the Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century to the present. The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide—the main greenhouse emission resulting from human activity—varied from 260 to 320 parts per million ( ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... dioxide: plants FACE the future. Annu Rev Plant Biol 55: 591-628. 16. Davey PA, Olcer H, Zakhleniuk O, Bernacchi CJ, Calfapietra C, et al. (2006) Can fast-growing plantation trees escape biochemical down-regulation of photosynthesis when grown throughout their complete production cycle in the open a ...
... dioxide: plants FACE the future. Annu Rev Plant Biol 55: 591-628. 16. Davey PA, Olcer H, Zakhleniuk O, Bernacchi CJ, Calfapietra C, et al. (2006) Can fast-growing plantation trees escape biochemical down-regulation of photosynthesis when grown throughout their complete production cycle in the open a ...
April 2013
... Marcott et al. reconstructed a dataset of surface temperature anomalies using 73 distributed temperature records that were derived largely from marine archives. Previous reconstructions of the past millennium relied mostly on land-based records. This study provides a broader perspective of temperatu ...
... Marcott et al. reconstructed a dataset of surface temperature anomalies using 73 distributed temperature records that were derived largely from marine archives. Previous reconstructions of the past millennium relied mostly on land-based records. This study provides a broader perspective of temperatu ...
The Scientific Case against the Global Climate Treaty
... complicated interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean; the El Niño events that cause global changes in temperatures and rainfall are a good example. On a longer time scale, the Earth has experienced some seventeen glacial episodes - Ice Ages - in the last 2 million years. The variability of ...
... complicated interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean; the El Niño events that cause global changes in temperatures and rainfall are a good example. On a longer time scale, the Earth has experienced some seventeen glacial episodes - Ice Ages - in the last 2 million years. The variability of ...
Document
... change is of high priority for all countries. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable, especially the least developed countries and small island developing States. Adaptation requires urgent attention and action on the part of all countries. … ...
... change is of high priority for all countries. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable, especially the least developed countries and small island developing States. Adaptation requires urgent attention and action on the part of all countries. … ...
Management of Risk Due to Climate Change 10 Global Conference of Actuaries
... Concluding remarks 5.01 This paper highlights various risks due to climate change, the measurement of such risks and steps for mitigating such risks. Today’s scenario is rather bleak but the future may not be so dark as all nations started realizing the serious threat on our planet due to climate ch ...
... Concluding remarks 5.01 This paper highlights various risks due to climate change, the measurement of such risks and steps for mitigating such risks. Today’s scenario is rather bleak but the future may not be so dark as all nations started realizing the serious threat on our planet due to climate ch ...
Real science must guide policy
... All too many alarmist climate scientists have received millions in taxpayer grants over the years, relied on computer models that do not reflect real-world observations, attacked and refused to debate scientists who disagree with manmade climate cataclysm claims, refused to share their computer algo ...
... All too many alarmist climate scientists have received millions in taxpayer grants over the years, relied on computer models that do not reflect real-world observations, attacked and refused to debate scientists who disagree with manmade climate cataclysm claims, refused to share their computer algo ...
Climate Change: Is Carbon Dioxide the Culprit?
... around the end of the 20C [1]. Climate scientists and social scientists claim that increase in greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, methane, water vapour, etc.) concentration in the atmosphere causes global warming [2]. They reason that radiation from the sun is able to penetrate ...
... around the end of the 20C [1]. Climate scientists and social scientists claim that increase in greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, methane, water vapour, etc.) concentration in the atmosphere causes global warming [2]. They reason that radiation from the sun is able to penetrate ...
UNIT 10_Chapters 18 and 19
... 3. What is the greenhouse effect and why is it so important to life on the earth? 4. How have human activities affected atmospheric greenhouse gas levels during the last 275 years and especially in the last 30 years? 5. List the major human activities that add CO2, CH4, and N2O to the atmosphere. 6. ...
... 3. What is the greenhouse effect and why is it so important to life on the earth? 4. How have human activities affected atmospheric greenhouse gas levels during the last 275 years and especially in the last 30 years? 5. List the major human activities that add CO2, CH4, and N2O to the atmosphere. 6. ...
Fact Sheet: Short-Lived Climate Pollutants: Why Are They Important?
... dropped to zero. Therefore, while strategies to reduce CO2 are vital, mitigation efforts focused solely on CO2 will not be enough to reverse or even substantially slow climate change in the next few decades. Because of the critical need to slow the rate of climate change, momentum is building for fa ...
... dropped to zero. Therefore, while strategies to reduce CO2 are vital, mitigation efforts focused solely on CO2 will not be enough to reverse or even substantially slow climate change in the next few decades. Because of the critical need to slow the rate of climate change, momentum is building for fa ...
Global Warming 2
... atmosphere, we would freeze. The earth's average temperature would be a cold -17C, not the relatively balmy 14C it is today. But the atmosphere is fiendishly complicated. If an increase in greenhouse gases also makes the sky cloudier, the added clouds may cool the surface enough to offset warming fr ...
... atmosphere, we would freeze. The earth's average temperature would be a cold -17C, not the relatively balmy 14C it is today. But the atmosphere is fiendishly complicated. If an increase in greenhouse gases also makes the sky cloudier, the added clouds may cool the surface enough to offset warming fr ...
Chapter 9 Air: Climate and Pollution
... Policy Makers Have Made Little Progress in Finding Solutions • Climate control is a classic free-rider problem, in which nobody wants to take action for fear that someone else might benefit from their sacrifices. • Climate scientists point out that shifting our energy strategy from coal to wind, so ...
... Policy Makers Have Made Little Progress in Finding Solutions • Climate control is a classic free-rider problem, in which nobody wants to take action for fear that someone else might benefit from their sacrifices. • Climate scientists point out that shifting our energy strategy from coal to wind, so ...
Document
... o Studies indicate that _____________ solar activity coincides with _________-thannormal sea surface temperatures, while periods of ______ solar activity, such as the Maunder minimum, coincide with _________ sea surface temperatures. Earth’s orbit o Climatic changes might also be triggered by change ...
... o Studies indicate that _____________ solar activity coincides with _________-thannormal sea surface temperatures, while periods of ______ solar activity, such as the Maunder minimum, coincide with _________ sea surface temperatures. Earth’s orbit o Climatic changes might also be triggered by change ...
Addressing the issue of climate change
... opportunities for people to create a more balanced society in which human rights are fully respected and environmental and social values are fully integrated. Although Fern is known for its work on forests, since 2000 Fern has widened its scope beyond forests to also include work on general aid, tra ...
... opportunities for people to create a more balanced society in which human rights are fully respected and environmental and social values are fully integrated. Although Fern is known for its work on forests, since 2000 Fern has widened its scope beyond forests to also include work on general aid, tra ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.