What is the Top Priority on Climate Change?
... The current levels are 380ppm CO2 and 430ppm CO2 equivalent (Stern 2007, Section 1.2). The campaign to set a target of 350ppm endorsed by, among others, Al Gore at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Poznań, 2008 (see http://www.un.org/climatechange/blog/2008/121208.shtml) is based upon ...
... The current levels are 380ppm CO2 and 430ppm CO2 equivalent (Stern 2007, Section 1.2). The campaign to set a target of 350ppm endorsed by, among others, Al Gore at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Poznań, 2008 (see http://www.un.org/climatechange/blog/2008/121208.shtml) is based upon ...
Week 8 Climate Change Prof Stern
... that is the basic science of climate change and its complexities: first part of lecture. • Ensure the analytical framework does justice to the underlying empirical matters (don’t try to shoehorn problems into frameworks just because we have the frameworks). • Public policy-making is also a normative ...
... that is the basic science of climate change and its complexities: first part of lecture. • Ensure the analytical framework does justice to the underlying empirical matters (don’t try to shoehorn problems into frameworks just because we have the frameworks). • Public policy-making is also a normative ...
Hydrologic Effects of Climate Change in the Sierra
... United States. Journal of Climate, 19(18), 4545–4559. ...
... United States. Journal of Climate, 19(18), 4545–4559. ...
Short Assessment
... above pre-industrial levels" (ibid.). Recent climate science has more and more underlined that the 2°C limit is not a secure guardrail, but would in all likelihood mean severe damages from ...
... above pre-industrial levels" (ibid.). Recent climate science has more and more underlined that the 2°C limit is not a secure guardrail, but would in all likelihood mean severe damages from ...
Media Advisory Ozone Treaty Takes Major Steps to Combat Climate
... GRAPH: Over the last few decades, the Montreal Protocol has been successful in phasing out 97% of almost 100 chemicals damaging to both the ozone layer and the climate system, resulting in up to 222 billion tonnes of CO2‐eq. in mitigation by 2010. The Parties’ decision in 2007 to accelerate the ph ...
... GRAPH: Over the last few decades, the Montreal Protocol has been successful in phasing out 97% of almost 100 chemicals damaging to both the ozone layer and the climate system, resulting in up to 222 billion tonnes of CO2‐eq. in mitigation by 2010. The Parties’ decision in 2007 to accelerate the ph ...
Climate Wire - Researchers find `hidden benefits` of electric vehicles
... "Because land in cities is [pricey] and there are huge demands for the limited land, there is a limit in terms of how much more green space can be added and how much surfaces of the cities can be changed," Liu said in an emailed response. "Even with increasing public transit, it is still more conven ...
... "Because land in cities is [pricey] and there are huge demands for the limited land, there is a limit in terms of how much more green space can be added and how much surfaces of the cities can be changed," Liu said in an emailed response. "Even with increasing public transit, it is still more conven ...
Jeanine Townsend, Clerk to the Board State Water Resources Control Board
... Projections of an imminent shift in Climate in the Southwest,” Richard Seager et. al. described the climate changes that could be occurring: The six severe, multiyear, droughts that have struck western North America in the instrumental record have all been attributed, using climate models, to varia ...
... Projections of an imminent shift in Climate in the Southwest,” Richard Seager et. al. described the climate changes that could be occurring: The six severe, multiyear, droughts that have struck western North America in the instrumental record have all been attributed, using climate models, to varia ...
Climate Change Impacts and Responses
... CO₂ levels over the last 4 million years have varied in line with continental glaciation ...
... CO₂ levels over the last 4 million years have varied in line with continental glaciation ...
Can Reducing Black Carbon Emissions Counteract Global Warming?
... the sign (8, 17). Even the brown cloud near India, said to absorb more light than expected, had a net negative forcing (18). One study estimates that recent changes in China’s energy structure decreased emissions of both BC and sulfur; the net result was climate warming (19). A scorecard based on re ...
... the sign (8, 17). Even the brown cloud near India, said to absorb more light than expected, had a net negative forcing (18). One study estimates that recent changes in China’s energy structure decreased emissions of both BC and sulfur; the net result was climate warming (19). A scorecard based on re ...
Environmental Linkages and Climate Change Part One
... Trends in atmospheric concentrations and human-generated emissions of GHGs ...
... Trends in atmospheric concentrations and human-generated emissions of GHGs ...
... human activity at MLO are ideal for monitoring constituents in the atmosphere that can cause climate change. Data from the MLO on CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere can be found on-line http://esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/. On 6th may 2015, NOAA made headlines by reporting that CO2 emissions in t ...
Application of Performance Indicators in Monitoring Capacity
... comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of projects or programmes establishing output and outcomes, both quantitatively and qualitatively ...
... comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of projects or programmes establishing output and outcomes, both quantitatively and qualitatively ...
Climate Change - American Museum of Natural History
... Weather describes the conditions over the next few days. Climate describes the average weather over many years. Describe the tools scientists use to study weather and climate. Scientists use satellites, buoys and floats, and ocean gliders. ...
... Weather describes the conditions over the next few days. Climate describes the average weather over many years. Describe the tools scientists use to study weather and climate. Scientists use satellites, buoys and floats, and ocean gliders. ...
The End of the Cornucopia* Economy
... for Homo sapiens for 160,000 years and for the genus Homo for over a million years. Observed climate changes are much less satisfactory in many areas of the world, and some appear to be unsuitable. As greenhouse gas emissions increase, the rate of change will increase until humankind reaches one or ...
... for Homo sapiens for 160,000 years and for the genus Homo for over a million years. Observed climate changes are much less satisfactory in many areas of the world, and some appear to be unsuitable. As greenhouse gas emissions increase, the rate of change will increase until humankind reaches one or ...
Towards a Global Deal on Climate Change
... development arising from climate change: potential extra cost of development with climate change upwards of $80bn p.a. by 2015 ...
... development arising from climate change: potential extra cost of development with climate change upwards of $80bn p.a. by 2015 ...
New Methods to Assess Climate Change Impacts
... are needed to implement impact and vulnerability assessment that is logically consistent across global, regional and local scales (Moss et al., 2008, 2010; Kriegler, 2012; van Vuuren et al., 2012). The most common challenge is that global models do not provide context-specific answers, while scienti ...
... are needed to implement impact and vulnerability assessment that is logically consistent across global, regional and local scales (Moss et al., 2008, 2010; Kriegler, 2012; van Vuuren et al., 2012). The most common challenge is that global models do not provide context-specific answers, while scienti ...
introduction to climate change
... insulating blanket around the earth and traps a higher percentage of the thermal infrared radiation reflecting off the earth’s surface, increasing average global temperatures. Humans have released so much carbon into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation that the atmos ...
... insulating blanket around the earth and traps a higher percentage of the thermal infrared radiation reflecting off the earth’s surface, increasing average global temperatures. Humans have released so much carbon into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation that the atmos ...
Mr. Sandagdorj Erdenebileg, Chief, UN
... • Reduced sustainable economic growth and difficulties to achieve the MDGs • LLDCs among the world’s poorest countries 15 are LDCs • 19 LLDCs GDP per capita is below $1,000. • LLDCs economies not well developed – Heavy reliance on low-value – high-bulk primary commodities which make them vulnerable ...
... • Reduced sustainable economic growth and difficulties to achieve the MDGs • LLDCs among the world’s poorest countries 15 are LDCs • 19 LLDCs GDP per capita is below $1,000. • LLDCs economies not well developed – Heavy reliance on low-value – high-bulk primary commodities which make them vulnerable ...
Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and Shared Climate Policy
... Range of future socioeconomic, technology, and emissions scenarios Reference scenarios upon which policy targets can be modeled What could the future look like? ...
... Range of future socioeconomic, technology, and emissions scenarios Reference scenarios upon which policy targets can be modeled What could the future look like? ...
introduction the human influence on climate
... occupy less than 0.5% of land area6. However, there is also no doubt that human activities have changed and continue to change the composition of the atmosphere; in particular, concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased by 40% relative to preindustrial values, the ozone layer has been greatly i ...
... occupy less than 0.5% of land area6. However, there is also no doubt that human activities have changed and continue to change the composition of the atmosphere; in particular, concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased by 40% relative to preindustrial values, the ozone layer has been greatly i ...
S C U UPREME
... are based on assumptions of increases in carbon dioxide concentration that are well-known to be substantial overestimates of what is occurring and what has occurred in recent decades. As a result, these models produce erroneous overprojections of warming for at least the next half-century. A far bet ...
... are based on assumptions of increases in carbon dioxide concentration that are well-known to be substantial overestimates of what is occurring and what has occurred in recent decades. As a result, these models produce erroneous overprojections of warming for at least the next half-century. A far bet ...
420 Million years ago - Global Warming
... water vapor & albedo effects of reduced sulfates, snow, ice, and clouds. For clouds, 60% of the amount from AMO 2013 is used. Cloud changes are complex and explain part of warming to date. The effect of Arctic sea ice loss from Hudson (2011) is used: globally, 0.7 W / sq meter for total loss, during ...
... water vapor & albedo effects of reduced sulfates, snow, ice, and clouds. For clouds, 60% of the amount from AMO 2013 is used. Cloud changes are complex and explain part of warming to date. The effect of Arctic sea ice loss from Hudson (2011) is used: globally, 0.7 W / sq meter for total loss, during ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.