Climate-Change Projects—Selling of Indulgences or High Road?
... the United Nations, and the voluntary carbon market is booming too. Lately, however, emissions trading has been criticized as the modern version of the buying and selling of indulgences. Yet it is a focal element of the entire climate-change policy. Prerequisites for the effective use of this instru ...
... the United Nations, and the voluntary carbon market is booming too. Lately, however, emissions trading has been criticized as the modern version of the buying and selling of indulgences. Yet it is a focal element of the entire climate-change policy. Prerequisites for the effective use of this instru ...
No Slide Title
... Direct measurements from space of ASR, OLR, Net Take inventory of where all the energy has gone Use climate models with specified forcings Use atmospheric reanalyses Use surface fluxes (assume no atmospheric heat capacity) Not accurate enough; good for relative changes after 2000 Only viable option: ...
... Direct measurements from space of ASR, OLR, Net Take inventory of where all the energy has gone Use climate models with specified forcings Use atmospheric reanalyses Use surface fluxes (assume no atmospheric heat capacity) Not accurate enough; good for relative changes after 2000 Only viable option: ...
Research Experiences, Teaching and Learning
... Climate Literacy principles will be integrated into at least one course that is taught on a regular basis by each of the participating faculty members, anticipating at least 9 courses at Montgomery College. These will include courses in which climate change is introduced as a significant module, cas ...
... Climate Literacy principles will be integrated into at least one course that is taught on a regular basis by each of the participating faculty members, anticipating at least 9 courses at Montgomery College. These will include courses in which climate change is introduced as a significant module, cas ...
Download the presentation from this lecture
... world economy; this transformation coinciding with a decisive period for the transition to the low‐carbon economy represent a crucial moment. We can use it or lose it. • If we take it we lay the foundations for the future and accelerate the dynamism for the rest of the century. • These understand ...
... world economy; this transformation coinciding with a decisive period for the transition to the low‐carbon economy represent a crucial moment. We can use it or lose it. • If we take it we lay the foundations for the future and accelerate the dynamism for the rest of the century. • These understand ...
IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ON BIODIVERSITY
... processes. Plants and animals are sensitive to fluctuations in temperature and climate. In the past, climate has varied considerably within short time scales. Evidence from fossils and paleobiological studies have indicated that these periods of rapid climate change have been associated with mass ex ...
... processes. Plants and animals are sensitive to fluctuations in temperature and climate. In the past, climate has varied considerably within short time scales. Evidence from fossils and paleobiological studies have indicated that these periods of rapid climate change have been associated with mass ex ...
Global temperature change 2006;103;14288-14293; originally published online Sep 25, 2006;
... an artifact due to measurements in urban areas, is confirmed by surface temperature change inferred from borehole temperature profiles at remote locations, the rate of retreat of alpine glaciers around the world, and progressively earlier breakup of ice on rivers and lakes (10). The geographical dis ...
... an artifact due to measurements in urban areas, is confirmed by surface temperature change inferred from borehole temperature profiles at remote locations, the rate of retreat of alpine glaciers around the world, and progressively earlier breakup of ice on rivers and lakes (10). The geographical dis ...
The time lag between a carbon dioxide emission and maximum
... sensitivity of the marine and terrestrial carbon sinks to changes in atmospheric CO2 and climate, which determines the decline of atmospheric CO2; the rate of mixing of heat into the deep ocean, which determines the decrease of ocean heat uptake; and the equilibrium climate sensitivity which also co ...
... sensitivity of the marine and terrestrial carbon sinks to changes in atmospheric CO2 and climate, which determines the decline of atmospheric CO2; the rate of mixing of heat into the deep ocean, which determines the decrease of ocean heat uptake; and the equilibrium climate sensitivity which also co ...
PDF
... In assessing the aggregate impact of climate change on agriculture it is necessary to take account of the interaction between production systems and markets. In general, demand for agricultural products is inelastic. Conversely, the elasticity of equilibrium prices with respect to exogenous shifts i ...
... In assessing the aggregate impact of climate change on agriculture it is necessary to take account of the interaction between production systems and markets. In general, demand for agricultural products is inelastic. Conversely, the elasticity of equilibrium prices with respect to exogenous shifts i ...
the Overview
... when the normal atmospheric turbulence comes through, it dumps much more of our rain and snow in severe, intense downpours than it did a few years ago.[12]In July, 1996, Aurora, Ill., received 17 inches of rain in one day.[13]That August, more than 60 people died during a flash flood in the Spanish ...
... when the normal atmospheric turbulence comes through, it dumps much more of our rain and snow in severe, intense downpours than it did a few years ago.[12]In July, 1996, Aurora, Ill., received 17 inches of rain in one day.[13]That August, more than 60 people died during a flash flood in the Spanish ...
Cleaning up on carbon
... Yet utilities in Italy, Great Britain, the Czech Republic and Germany are reported to still be pursuing new coal-fired plants4, so we must clearly go beyond pricing carbon. The United States simply cannot wait another decade to find out whether domestic cap-and-trade legislation will drive carbon di ...
... Yet utilities in Italy, Great Britain, the Czech Republic and Germany are reported to still be pursuing new coal-fired plants4, so we must clearly go beyond pricing carbon. The United States simply cannot wait another decade to find out whether domestic cap-and-trade legislation will drive carbon di ...
Climate Change: Lessons for our Future from the Distant Past
... hence re-radiation. In turn, that increases convection between the surface and sequentially through atmospheric layers, raising their temperatures and water vapour content, thereby changing cloud cover. Only a sophisticated general ‘equilibrium’ model of the system can capture the many complicated i ...
... hence re-radiation. In turn, that increases convection between the surface and sequentially through atmospheric layers, raising their temperatures and water vapour content, thereby changing cloud cover. Only a sophisticated general ‘equilibrium’ model of the system can capture the many complicated i ...
Potential for Southern Hemisphere climate
... such natural variability will produce changes that appear surprising in the context of longer-term background trends, potentially because the mechanisms by which natural variability operates may be impacted by anthropogenic activity. As an example, modes of variability such as El Ni~ no Southern Osc ...
... such natural variability will produce changes that appear surprising in the context of longer-term background trends, potentially because the mechanisms by which natural variability operates may be impacted by anthropogenic activity. As an example, modes of variability such as El Ni~ no Southern Osc ...
Climatic Change - Department of Agricultural Economics
... Why is climate change happening? Partially due to unpriced externality Emitters do not consider emission damages What will it do to society welfare? Altered production particularly in ag and forest ...
... Why is climate change happening? Partially due to unpriced externality Emitters do not consider emission damages What will it do to society welfare? Altered production particularly in ag and forest ...
Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010
... Fig. 2. (A and B) Average rate of global sea level rise (1993–2010) from TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason satellite altimetry and the ratio of plant to animal data, shown as a map (A) and as a global mean sea level (B). (C) Trends in moderate-duration storms (lasting >2 days) biomass (34). Large-scale field ...
... Fig. 2. (A and B) Average rate of global sea level rise (1993–2010) from TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason satellite altimetry and the ratio of plant to animal data, shown as a map (A) and as a global mean sea level (B). (C) Trends in moderate-duration storms (lasting >2 days) biomass (34). Large-scale field ...
lecture 34
... the start of a man-made global warming? Two main anthropogenic forcing mechanisms: Greenhouse gas concentrations => rising. Aerosol concentrations => also increasing. We will focus attention on CO2 increases. ...
... the start of a man-made global warming? Two main anthropogenic forcing mechanisms: Greenhouse gas concentrations => rising. Aerosol concentrations => also increasing. We will focus attention on CO2 increases. ...
Warmer Climate Means More Wildfires
... Fires in some places, such as Indonesia and Canada, are bad when there's an El Nino. That occurs when a warming of parts of the Pacific changes weather worldwide because it triggers drought in those regions, Ryan says. In Indonesia, changes in land use are a bigger factor than climate, he says. But ...
... Fires in some places, such as Indonesia and Canada, are bad when there's an El Nino. That occurs when a warming of parts of the Pacific changes weather worldwide because it triggers drought in those regions, Ryan says. In Indonesia, changes in land use are a bigger factor than climate, he says. But ...
374Gambia
... one of the most vulnerable countries in Africa to the adverse impacts of climate change , Approximately 50% of the total land area is less than 20m above sea level, One Third (1/3) of the country is below 10m above mean sea level and about 20% is annually flooded Mangrove ecosystems are affected by ...
... one of the most vulnerable countries in Africa to the adverse impacts of climate change , Approximately 50% of the total land area is less than 20m above sea level, One Third (1/3) of the country is below 10m above mean sea level and about 20% is annually flooded Mangrove ecosystems are affected by ...
20 - Department of Economics
... atmosphere), was about 280 parts per million (ppm) (European Environment Agency 2009). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the “climate sensitivity” or the extent of global warming that would result from a doubling of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is estimated ...
... atmosphere), was about 280 parts per million (ppm) (European Environment Agency 2009). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the “climate sensitivity” or the extent of global warming that would result from a doubling of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is estimated ...
NRDC: St. Louis, Missouri-Identifying and Becoming More Resilient
... current carbon emission trends because of climate change, ranging from water shortages to more intense storms and floods to sea level rise. To help cities become more resilient to the rising threats of climate change, NRDC reviewed more than 75 scientific studies and other reports to summarize the w ...
... current carbon emission trends because of climate change, ranging from water shortages to more intense storms and floods to sea level rise. To help cities become more resilient to the rising threats of climate change, NRDC reviewed more than 75 scientific studies and other reports to summarize the w ...
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
... 1992: countries joined an international treaty, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, to cooperatively consider what they could do to limit average global temperature increases and the resulting climate change, and to cope with whatever impacts were, by then, inevitable 1995: co ...
... 1992: countries joined an international treaty, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, to cooperatively consider what they could do to limit average global temperature increases and the resulting climate change, and to cope with whatever impacts were, by then, inevitable 1995: co ...
Topic 8: Energy, power, climate change
... Milankovitch in his great work on ice ages. Milankovitch’s work was not recognized until the late 1960s because it was in Serbian. In the 60s just such cycles were being discovered in sediment and ice-core studies. FYI At their most extreme, Milankovitch cycles bring an annual variation of the su ...
... Milankovitch in his great work on ice ages. Milankovitch’s work was not recognized until the late 1960s because it was in Serbian. In the 60s just such cycles were being discovered in sediment and ice-core studies. FYI At their most extreme, Milankovitch cycles bring an annual variation of the su ...
Climate change mitigation
... The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Aims to: “stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystem ...
... The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Aims to: “stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystem ...
An Analysis of Radiative Equilibrium, Forcings, and Feedbacks
... climate changes which are large at the local or regional level but have little global impact, changes in the hydrologic cycle, and many aspects of aerosols (e.g., they can have a positive top‐of‐atmosphere RF but still cool the surface). Nevertheless, RF’s are a useful first‐order way to quantify ...
... climate changes which are large at the local or regional level but have little global impact, changes in the hydrologic cycle, and many aspects of aerosols (e.g., they can have a positive top‐of‐atmosphere RF but still cool the surface). Nevertheless, RF’s are a useful first‐order way to quantify ...
Module 1
... many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would very likely be larger than those observed during the 20th century” “Neither adaptation nor mitigation alone can avoid all climate change impacts; however, they can complement each other and together can significantly reduce ...
... many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would very likely be larger than those observed during the 20th century” “Neither adaptation nor mitigation alone can avoid all climate change impacts; however, they can complement each other and together can significantly reduce ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.