State of the Planet
... – Average energy at top of atmosphere 175 PW – ~31% reflected from clouds and surface – 120 PW absorbed by atmosphere, land, or ocean Ultimately emitted back to space as infrared radiation ...
... – Average energy at top of atmosphere 175 PW – ~31% reflected from clouds and surface – 120 PW absorbed by atmosphere, land, or ocean Ultimately emitted back to space as infrared radiation ...
E100 Global Warming Conf
... At a previous conference, your country agreed that developing countries as a whole should reduce their CO2 emissions by 10 percent of projected 2025 emissions (see table 1). However, your individual country has not yet agreed whether IT should be bound to reduce its emissions, nor by how much, nor b ...
... At a previous conference, your country agreed that developing countries as a whole should reduce their CO2 emissions by 10 percent of projected 2025 emissions (see table 1). However, your individual country has not yet agreed whether IT should be bound to reduce its emissions, nor by how much, nor b ...
GLOBAL WARMING - Marian Koshland Science Museum
... What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate? (NASA) 2. The UN is concerned that the gas carbon dioxide (CO2) may have something to do with recent changes in the climate. What is the greenhouse effect? How is amplified warming different from natural warming? The Greenhouse Effect (BBC) What is ...
... What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate? (NASA) 2. The UN is concerned that the gas carbon dioxide (CO2) may have something to do with recent changes in the climate. What is the greenhouse effect? How is amplified warming different from natural warming? The Greenhouse Effect (BBC) What is ...
Global Change Dynamic II
... albedo etc. • Changes to physical properties of landscapes can influence climate through radiative forcing and changing fluxes • Land cover affects surface albedo • Albedo different e.g. agricultural land from forest – forest usually lower than open land due to greater leaf area and multiple reflect ...
... albedo etc. • Changes to physical properties of landscapes can influence climate through radiative forcing and changing fluxes • Land cover affects surface albedo • Albedo different e.g. agricultural land from forest – forest usually lower than open land due to greater leaf area and multiple reflect ...
Climate Change
... Even IF the [ ] of all greenhouse gases and aerosols had been kept constant at 2000 year levels, another warming of 0.1 C / decade would be expected ...
... Even IF the [ ] of all greenhouse gases and aerosols had been kept constant at 2000 year levels, another warming of 0.1 C / decade would be expected ...
Meeting the Kyoto Protocol - Environmental Science Institute
... The Kyoto Protocol was created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as an amendment to the international treaty on climate change and was adopted by the United Nations in December of 1997. The objective of the protocol was to bring an international focus to limiting the emiss ...
... The Kyoto Protocol was created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as an amendment to the international treaty on climate change and was adopted by the United Nations in December of 1997. The objective of the protocol was to bring an international focus to limiting the emiss ...
News
... In April, the IPRC welcomed University of Tokyo Emeritus Professor Toshio Yamagata. Yamagata was the leader among the Japanese scientists who conceived of a joint US–Japan research enterprise to study climate and climate change. His efforts were crucial to the founding of IPRC in 1997. From 1997 to ...
... In April, the IPRC welcomed University of Tokyo Emeritus Professor Toshio Yamagata. Yamagata was the leader among the Japanese scientists who conceived of a joint US–Japan research enterprise to study climate and climate change. His efforts were crucial to the founding of IPRC in 1997. From 1997 to ...
Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming
... impact. Concern regarding global warming centers on the future climate. As discussed in detail below, it seems likely that most of the warming observed to date is associated with human activities releasing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. In light of the long atmospheric lifetime of carbon d ...
... impact. Concern regarding global warming centers on the future climate. As discussed in detail below, it seems likely that most of the warming observed to date is associated with human activities releasing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. In light of the long atmospheric lifetime of carbon d ...
Global systems
... are thought to have been caused by climate changes. Scientists suggest that, prior to human expansion about 500 years ago, mammal extinctions were very rare. On average, only two species died out every million years. In the last 500 years, however, at least 80 of 5570 mammal species have become exti ...
... are thought to have been caused by climate changes. Scientists suggest that, prior to human expansion about 500 years ago, mammal extinctions were very rare. On average, only two species died out every million years. In the last 500 years, however, at least 80 of 5570 mammal species have become exti ...
Carbon cycle
... Humans and Ecology: What are we doing, what should we do, what can we do, and does it matter? ...
... Humans and Ecology: What are we doing, what should we do, what can we do, and does it matter? ...
PDF
... And the 550 ppm trajectory (which is still occasionally defended by people who claim to be fighting for a viable climate protection regime) can simply not be taken seriously, at least not as defensible mitigation target. It poses a 78-99% risk of exceeding 2ºC and a 28-71% risk of exceeding 3ºC, ma ...
... And the 550 ppm trajectory (which is still occasionally defended by people who claim to be fighting for a viable climate protection regime) can simply not be taken seriously, at least not as defensible mitigation target. It poses a 78-99% risk of exceeding 2ºC and a 28-71% risk of exceeding 3ºC, ma ...
Climate Change in Oklahoma. - Southern Climate Impacts Planning
... evaluated the effects of projected population and climatic changes on the state’s water resources and has made policy recommendations. The strategies proposed in the OCWP, such as water conservation and reuse, have the potential to allow Oklahoma to meet future water demands (National ...
... evaluated the effects of projected population and climatic changes on the state’s water resources and has made policy recommendations. The strategies proposed in the OCWP, such as water conservation and reuse, have the potential to allow Oklahoma to meet future water demands (National ...
my palaeo-climate research
... weathering. Their work suggests that this event was triggered by high levels of CO2 emissions from volcanic activity which led to rapid global warming. As temperatures increased, so did the rate of weathering; in fact, Strandmann estimates that within 300,000 years, weathering had removed roughly ha ...
... weathering. Their work suggests that this event was triggered by high levels of CO2 emissions from volcanic activity which led to rapid global warming. As temperatures increased, so did the rate of weathering; in fact, Strandmann estimates that within 300,000 years, weathering had removed roughly ha ...
1 Beverly E. Law, Ph.D Professor, Global Change Biology
... FS 600, Global Change Ecology (2006-2013). 7-20 students. Interdisciplinary. What is known about global change and dynamics of the Earth System, including principles of climate, influences on ecosystem functioning and connectivity (oceans, land, atmosphere) needed to understand responses of the Eart ...
... FS 600, Global Change Ecology (2006-2013). 7-20 students. Interdisciplinary. What is known about global change and dynamics of the Earth System, including principles of climate, influences on ecosystem functioning and connectivity (oceans, land, atmosphere) needed to understand responses of the Eart ...
GSC13-PLEN-11
... “There need to be new technical standards. For transport, power grids and buildings to become more efficient, there must be rules on how, for instance, refrigerators should talk to electricity meters, and thermostats to heating systems. But the internet shows that when common standards are agreed on ...
... “There need to be new technical standards. For transport, power grids and buildings to become more efficient, there must be rules on how, for instance, refrigerators should talk to electricity meters, and thermostats to heating systems. But the internet shows that when common standards are agreed on ...
Notes G1 - 1.1-1.6 Climate change Word document
... glaciation O18 levels increase, with water being shallower and during periods of global warming O16 levels increase as sea water is deeper. This measurement is called oxygen isotope analysis. As can be seen in the graph, the last glacial advance was only 18,000 years ago and was one of about 30 such ...
... glaciation O18 levels increase, with water being shallower and during periods of global warming O16 levels increase as sea water is deeper. This measurement is called oxygen isotope analysis. As can be seen in the graph, the last glacial advance was only 18,000 years ago and was one of about 30 such ...
annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin
... Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme shows that globally averaged surface mole fractions(3) calculated from this in situ network for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reached new highs in 2015, with CO2 at 400.0±0.1 ppm, CH4 at 1845±2 ppb(4) and N2O at 328.0±0.1 ppb. These valu ...
... Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme shows that globally averaged surface mole fractions(3) calculated from this in situ network for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reached new highs in 2015, with CO2 at 400.0±0.1 ppm, CH4 at 1845±2 ppb(4) and N2O at 328.0±0.1 ppb. These valu ...
From Ice Age to Nice Age Why?
... However, the projected catastrophic temperatures that the UN’s climate panel—the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicted have not happened. In fact, there was a natural slow-down and global warming went into hiatus before the Kyoto Accord was ever ratified, despite a rise in CO2 c ...
... However, the projected catastrophic temperatures that the UN’s climate panel—the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicted have not happened. In fact, there was a natural slow-down and global warming went into hiatus before the Kyoto Accord was ever ratified, despite a rise in CO2 c ...
Effects of Climate Change on Human Health
... regional simulations for the baseline and future climate simulations using the IPCC’s SRES lower emission (B2) and higher emission (A2) scenarios with sulphur cycle included. The baseline simulation period is 1961-1990 and the simulation experiments period is 2071-2100. The precipitation and tempera ...
... regional simulations for the baseline and future climate simulations using the IPCC’s SRES lower emission (B2) and higher emission (A2) scenarios with sulphur cycle included. The baseline simulation period is 1961-1990 and the simulation experiments period is 2071-2100. The precipitation and tempera ...
PDF
... manure storage and spreading techniques to reduce nitrate loss and CH4 emission. Efficient management of solid and liquid manure is essential for the reduction of methane emissions, originating from biological fermentation in livestock manure management. Manure management and septic pits are good ex ...
... manure storage and spreading techniques to reduce nitrate loss and CH4 emission. Efficient management of solid and liquid manure is essential for the reduction of methane emissions, originating from biological fermentation in livestock manure management. Manure management and septic pits are good ex ...
Global Climate Change: Status of Negotiations
... stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.” It includes voluntary commitments for developed countries to establish national action plans that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 199 ...
... stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.” It includes voluntary commitments for developed countries to establish national action plans that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 199 ...
RCP8.5 - Climasouth
... These scenarios describe several factors associated with climate change in the XXI century. These factors include emission levels for 10 greenhouse gases, regions’ economic viability, energy technology in use, resources in use, land use, and carbon sequestration rates. ...
... These scenarios describe several factors associated with climate change in the XXI century. These factors include emission levels for 10 greenhouse gases, regions’ economic viability, energy technology in use, resources in use, land use, and carbon sequestration rates. ...
Aviation and the post–2012 climate change policy regime
... More efficient airspace management Researching alternative fuels ...
... More efficient airspace management Researching alternative fuels ...
PDF
... A shift in stream hydrographs to more winter flow may also disrupt the life cycle of anadromous species, like salmon, which depend on late spring flows to “flush” young salmon to the ocean. Unless reservoir systems are in place to capture and store winter runoff for late spring or summer use, reduct ...
... A shift in stream hydrographs to more winter flow may also disrupt the life cycle of anadromous species, like salmon, which depend on late spring flows to “flush” young salmon to the ocean. Unless reservoir systems are in place to capture and store winter runoff for late spring or summer use, reduct ...
a long-term climate goal implies a limit on cumulative co 2 emissions
... sampling of the uncertainty arising from the balance between CO2 and non-CO2 emissions and the possible pathways of emissions through time. The ellipses are based on a simple climate model and show the median climate response only, but they provide a more exhaustive assessment of the uncertainty fro ...
... sampling of the uncertainty arising from the balance between CO2 and non-CO2 emissions and the possible pathways of emissions through time. The ellipses are based on a simple climate model and show the median climate response only, but they provide a more exhaustive assessment of the uncertainty fro ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.