ESSC - Earth and Environmental Systems Institute
... resolve the narrow boundary layer at the grounding line where there is a sharp transition from sheet-like to shelf-like flow. However, accurate grounding-line migration is likely to be essential for the next generation of ice models in order to predict future acceleration and destabilization of Gree ...
... resolve the narrow boundary layer at the grounding line where there is a sharp transition from sheet-like to shelf-like flow. However, accurate grounding-line migration is likely to be essential for the next generation of ice models in order to predict future acceleration and destabilization of Gree ...
The Global carbon cycle - UNESDOC
... changes in atmospheric temperature. The inertia of human reaction to climate change makes it difficult to rapidly reduce the carbon intensive character of global development. Energy systems respond slowly to energy innovations because of the huge capital and institutional investment in fossil-fuelbas ...
... changes in atmospheric temperature. The inertia of human reaction to climate change makes it difficult to rapidly reduce the carbon intensive character of global development. Energy systems respond slowly to energy innovations because of the huge capital and institutional investment in fossil-fuelbas ...
Adriana G - Butler at UTB
... because “warm water from the tropical Atlantic moves poleward near the surface where it gives up some of its heat to the atmosphere.” So I make an inference that if the conveyor belt stopped, the areas at high altitudes would be unbearable. The temperatures there would be more extreme. (Lindstrom) E ...
... because “warm water from the tropical Atlantic moves poleward near the surface where it gives up some of its heat to the atmosphere.” So I make an inference that if the conveyor belt stopped, the areas at high altitudes would be unbearable. The temperatures there would be more extreme. (Lindstrom) E ...
S7-Etienne Clement- Presentation
... UNESCO being the UN agency with a mandate on natural and social sciences has several strategic objectives in climate change: building and maintaining the climate change knowledge base: science, assessment, monitoring and early warning; A specific programme on the ethics of science and technology ...
... UNESCO being the UN agency with a mandate on natural and social sciences has several strategic objectives in climate change: building and maintaining the climate change knowledge base: science, assessment, monitoring and early warning; A specific programme on the ethics of science and technology ...
NH_4e_CRS_Ch12
... Why do scientists believe human activities are contributing to global warming? a) There is no evidence that human activities are contributing to global warming b) The recent warming greatly exceeds the natural variability c) The climate system is stable and can only change with anthropogenic forcin ...
... Why do scientists believe human activities are contributing to global warming? a) There is no evidence that human activities are contributing to global warming b) The recent warming greatly exceeds the natural variability c) The climate system is stable and can only change with anthropogenic forcin ...
Assessing climate forcings of the Earth system for the past millennium
... [1] The effects of natural and anthropogenic forcings (solar activity, volcanism, atmospheric CO 2 concentration, deforestation) on climate changes are estimated with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity, CLIMBER2, for the past millennium. Simulated surface air temperatures for the Nort ...
... [1] The effects of natural and anthropogenic forcings (solar activity, volcanism, atmospheric CO 2 concentration, deforestation) on climate changes are estimated with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity, CLIMBER2, for the past millennium. Simulated surface air temperatures for the Nort ...
Document
... • Medieval Climatic Anomaly – Interior warming and drying – Loss of productive wetlands – Forced movement westward to more productive maritime influenced ...
... • Medieval Climatic Anomaly – Interior warming and drying – Loss of productive wetlands – Forced movement westward to more productive maritime influenced ...
Current and future climate of Vanuatu
... causing the sea level to rise. The melting of glaciers and ice sheets also contributes to sea-level rise. Instruments mounted on satellites and tide gauges are used to measure sea level. Satellite data indicate the sea level has risen near Vanuatu by about 6 mm per year since 1993. This is larger th ...
... causing the sea level to rise. The melting of glaciers and ice sheets also contributes to sea-level rise. Instruments mounted on satellites and tide gauges are used to measure sea level. Satellite data indicate the sea level has risen near Vanuatu by about 6 mm per year since 1993. This is larger th ...
Climate Change and Security Threats, Opportunities and
... Climate change: Transformer of Constants… Infrastructure: Grafted on a stable environment, thawing of permafrost and related impacts will challenge planning. ...
... Climate change: Transformer of Constants… Infrastructure: Grafted on a stable environment, thawing of permafrost and related impacts will challenge planning. ...
• The earth is surrounded by atmosphere composed of many gases
... CH4 from past emissions currently contributes 15-20% of the enhanced greenhouse effect. It is 21 times more effective at trapping heat than CO2. It indirectly determines the atmospheric lifetime of other GHG. The agricultural sector was responsible for about 30% of CH4 emissions. Most livestock rela ...
... CH4 from past emissions currently contributes 15-20% of the enhanced greenhouse effect. It is 21 times more effective at trapping heat than CO2. It indirectly determines the atmospheric lifetime of other GHG. The agricultural sector was responsible for about 30% of CH4 emissions. Most livestock rela ...
Heartland`s Claims Against the 97% Climate Consensus
... reviewers’ questions. All of the papers discussed below went through this peerreview process in reputable scientific journals. ...
... reviewers’ questions. All of the papers discussed below went through this peerreview process in reputable scientific journals. ...
The Futile Quest for Climate Control
... in Nature by Mann, Bradley and Hughes, which was used extensively in the IPCC 3rd Assessment Report but discarded from the 4th. An earlier problem of the same type surfaced during the preparation of the 2nd Assessment Report, when a reviewer of part of the draft requested that he be supplied with so ...
... in Nature by Mann, Bradley and Hughes, which was used extensively in the IPCC 3rd Assessment Report but discarded from the 4th. An earlier problem of the same type surfaced during the preparation of the 2nd Assessment Report, when a reviewer of part of the draft requested that he be supplied with so ...
Climate Change: The Move to Action
... • Scientist are part of the conversation… should help frame better questions. • Two different realities, natural and the anthropogenically changed… this does not exist. • “The result is that scientific debates that were historically carried out in the slow deliberations of peer-reviewed journals are ...
... • Scientist are part of the conversation… should help frame better questions. • Two different realities, natural and the anthropogenically changed… this does not exist. • “The result is that scientific debates that were historically carried out in the slow deliberations of peer-reviewed journals are ...
PRESENT AND FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS OF SIERRA LEONE
... Stabilization of the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at all levels will eventually entail substantial reductions in CO2 emissions. Long term stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentrations requires that net anthropogenic CO2 emissions ultimately (over centuries) decline to the l ...
... Stabilization of the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at all levels will eventually entail substantial reductions in CO2 emissions. Long term stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentrations requires that net anthropogenic CO2 emissions ultimately (over centuries) decline to the l ...
Climate change and tree responses in Central European forests
... upslope by 10 m per decade. A similar signal was absent in shrub and tree layers. At lower elevations, species in the shrub/tree layer even shifted downslope, which cannot be explained by climate change effects. Climate change impacts on tree species composition in Swiss forests are weak if compared ...
... upslope by 10 m per decade. A similar signal was absent in shrub and tree layers. At lower elevations, species in the shrub/tree layer even shifted downslope, which cannot be explained by climate change effects. Climate change impacts on tree species composition in Swiss forests are weak if compared ...
Paying for Climate Change
... At the local or national level, there may be some cobenefits from reduced burning of fossil fuels in the form of less local and regional pollution, but these do not eliminate the basic difficulty: everyone would prefer that others take the pain of reducing global emissions. Moreover, the benefits of ...
... At the local or national level, there may be some cobenefits from reduced burning of fossil fuels in the form of less local and regional pollution, but these do not eliminate the basic difficulty: everyone would prefer that others take the pain of reducing global emissions. Moreover, the benefits of ...
Stratospheric and tropospheric SSU/MSU temperature
... due to internal interactions within the complex nonlinear climate system. These unforced variations must be taken into account to sensibly analyze the CMIP5 output. Examples of quasi-regular internal climate variations of this sort are the El Niño events, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and, o ...
... due to internal interactions within the complex nonlinear climate system. These unforced variations must be taken into account to sensibly analyze the CMIP5 output. Examples of quasi-regular internal climate variations of this sort are the El Niño events, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and, o ...
Zero Carbon, Zero Poverty the Climate Justice Way
... By agreeing to keep warming as far below 2oC as possible, the international community implicitly agreed to set a limit on global cumulative carbon-dioxide emissions. Reaching zero carbon is what is required to stay within this “carbon budget” – this can be achieved through a rapid peaking of the wor ...
... By agreeing to keep warming as far below 2oC as possible, the international community implicitly agreed to set a limit on global cumulative carbon-dioxide emissions. Reaching zero carbon is what is required to stay within this “carbon budget” – this can be achieved through a rapid peaking of the wor ...
Global Carbon Cycle * Global Climate
... radar (e.g., PALSAR); role of SMAP to be determined) Model development (and testing): Better representation of interactions between nitrogen, carbon, and water cycles Dynamic peat models (like LPJ-MPI) to investigate rates of peat accumulation and loss (and effects on hydrology) Better repre ...
... radar (e.g., PALSAR); role of SMAP to be determined) Model development (and testing): Better representation of interactions between nitrogen, carbon, and water cycles Dynamic peat models (like LPJ-MPI) to investigate rates of peat accumulation and loss (and effects on hydrology) Better repre ...
The Futile Quest for Climate Control
... examples, it has become a common practice for evidence to be manipulated in dishonest ways, under the justification of helping to achieve a worthy end. After all, who wouldn’t want to help to “save the Great Barrier Reef”? Improper scientific practice. Not all scientists in the climate community hav ...
... examples, it has become a common practice for evidence to be manipulated in dishonest ways, under the justification of helping to achieve a worthy end. After all, who wouldn’t want to help to “save the Great Barrier Reef”? Improper scientific practice. Not all scientists in the climate community hav ...
Study Guide II (Chpts 4 - 6, Christopherson)
... ~20% of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by gases, dust and clouds in the atmosphere ~50% absorbed at the earth’s surface (and heats earth) Earth absorbs ~ 50% of solar energy which reaches the top of the atmosphere. It then radiates this energy back into the atmosphere at infrared (IR) waveleng ...
... ~20% of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by gases, dust and clouds in the atmosphere ~50% absorbed at the earth’s surface (and heats earth) Earth absorbs ~ 50% of solar energy which reaches the top of the atmosphere. It then radiates this energy back into the atmosphere at infrared (IR) waveleng ...
Central Queensland - Department of Environment and Heritage
... The region’s annual average potential evaporation is more than twice the annual average rainfall, which contributes to the depletion of soil moisture. However, the climate is changing across Queensland. Average temperatures across the state are currently 1°C higher than they were 100 years ago. Rece ...
... The region’s annual average potential evaporation is more than twice the annual average rainfall, which contributes to the depletion of soil moisture. However, the climate is changing across Queensland. Average temperatures across the state are currently 1°C higher than they were 100 years ago. Rece ...
Deforestation and Climate Change
... what’s new now? Well the eyes of the world are now focussed on the issue, given it is widely acknowledged that deforestation is the third largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, generating between 15-20 per cent of overall carbon emissions. There is a real opportunity to get global cooperation t ...
... what’s new now? Well the eyes of the world are now focussed on the issue, given it is widely acknowledged that deforestation is the third largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, generating between 15-20 per cent of overall carbon emissions. There is a real opportunity to get global cooperation t ...
Abrupt Climate Change - Ohio State University
... – There are numerous tipping elements (WAIS, GIS, THC, ENSO, etc.) that have various (and dire) impacts on climate › Varying time scales and “abruptness” › Some well within IPCC projected warming for this century ...
... – There are numerous tipping elements (WAIS, GIS, THC, ENSO, etc.) that have various (and dire) impacts on climate › Varying time scales and “abruptness” › Some well within IPCC projected warming for this century ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.