Climate Modeling, Projections, Predictions and Downscaling
... evaluate how realistic the models are in simulating the recent past provide projections of future climate change on two time scales understand factors responsible for model differences Two timescales and two sets of science problems ...
... evaluate how realistic the models are in simulating the recent past provide projections of future climate change on two time scales understand factors responsible for model differences Two timescales and two sets of science problems ...
Erian-IPCC report on Climate Change & DRR-Day2
... Confidence is low in projections of changes in monsoons (rainfall, circulation) because there is little consensus in climate models regarding the sign of future change in the monsoons. Model projections of changes in El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability and the frequency of El Niño episodes are ...
... Confidence is low in projections of changes in monsoons (rainfall, circulation) because there is little consensus in climate models regarding the sign of future change in the monsoons. Model projections of changes in El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability and the frequency of El Niño episodes are ...
Community Planning and Climate Change
... Reduced GHG emissions from municipal facilities, buildings and fleets ...
... Reduced GHG emissions from municipal facilities, buildings and fleets ...
a brief history of the framework convention on climate change
... at returning their greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000. COP-1 will consider and take “appropriate action” on the draft protocol submitted by Trinidad and Tobago, on behalf of AOSIS, and the proposals for further elements of a protocol submitted by Germany. Institutional arrangem ...
... at returning their greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000. COP-1 will consider and take “appropriate action” on the draft protocol submitted by Trinidad and Tobago, on behalf of AOSIS, and the proposals for further elements of a protocol submitted by Germany. Institutional arrangem ...
docx - School of Global Environmental Sustainability
... Dessler characterized the fuss over climate uncertainty in the new report this way: "The change that has everyone in a tizzy is a slight enlargement of one side of the error bar (range of error for climate sensitivity). If that's the biggest change, then things are not changing very much." Another w ...
... Dessler characterized the fuss over climate uncertainty in the new report this way: "The change that has everyone in a tizzy is a slight enlargement of one side of the error bar (range of error for climate sensitivity). If that's the biggest change, then things are not changing very much." Another w ...
Keynote Address by the Honourable Minister of Environment on
... I am delighted to be taking part in the Niger Delta Development Forum. This Forum is convened to inform relevant stakeholders in the oil and gas industry in the Niger Delta Region on the need for continued effort for sustainable development despite the recent slump in the oil prices, the degradation ...
... I am delighted to be taking part in the Niger Delta Development Forum. This Forum is convened to inform relevant stakeholders in the oil and gas industry in the Niger Delta Region on the need for continued effort for sustainable development despite the recent slump in the oil prices, the degradation ...
create common interests among countries as well as
... identifying and addressing the security effects of global climate change, to include increasing funding for such integral agencies as the Department of State and USAID, and a strong mandate for interagency cooperation that would further encourage military leaders to develop the capacities of host na ...
... identifying and addressing the security effects of global climate change, to include increasing funding for such integral agencies as the Department of State and USAID, and a strong mandate for interagency cooperation that would further encourage military leaders to develop the capacities of host na ...
Billions at Stake in Climate Finance: Four Key
... billion a year. A recent World Bank report put the total need at over US$500 billion a year by 2030.1 China and many countries in Africa have repeatedly called for wealthy nations to commit 0.5 to 1 per cent of their GDPs to climate finance, a sum that would add up to US$200-400 billion transferred ...
... billion a year. A recent World Bank report put the total need at over US$500 billion a year by 2030.1 China and many countries in Africa have repeatedly called for wealthy nations to commit 0.5 to 1 per cent of their GDPs to climate finance, a sum that would add up to US$200-400 billion transferred ...
Climate change and extreme weather events
... both forced with greenhouse gases and tropospheric sulfate aerosols, simulate the observed trend in sea ice extent realistically. Consequently, the decrease in sea ice extent can be interpreted as the combination of greenhouse warming and natural variability. The probability that the magnitude of th ...
... both forced with greenhouse gases and tropospheric sulfate aerosols, simulate the observed trend in sea ice extent realistically. Consequently, the decrease in sea ice extent can be interpreted as the combination of greenhouse warming and natural variability. The probability that the magnitude of th ...
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
... (GHG) concentrations caused by human activity; these anthropogenic emissions have increased by 70 per cent between 1970 and 2004 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report). The greenhouse gas effect in the atmosphere regulates overall temperature on the Earth’s surface. ...
... (GHG) concentrations caused by human activity; these anthropogenic emissions have increased by 70 per cent between 1970 and 2004 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report). The greenhouse gas effect in the atmosphere regulates overall temperature on the Earth’s surface. ...
Submission regarding Australia UNFCC
... The absence of warming reported by the latest IPCC report, which might or might not be correct now and which might or might not be continuing is often referred to as a "pause". This is poor terminology because it assumes a resumption of warming at some point, which might or might not be true. The re ...
... The absence of warming reported by the latest IPCC report, which might or might not be correct now and which might or might not be continuing is often referred to as a "pause". This is poor terminology because it assumes a resumption of warming at some point, which might or might not be true. The re ...
DOC | 16KB Climate Change Social Research Summary word version
... Victorians are concerned about climate change – it is an issue that needs action now 91% know that climate change is happening and that human activity is contributing to it. Only 4% say there is no such thing as climate change A further 3% believe climate change is entirely due to natural processes ...
... Victorians are concerned about climate change – it is an issue that needs action now 91% know that climate change is happening and that human activity is contributing to it. Only 4% say there is no such thing as climate change A further 3% believe climate change is entirely due to natural processes ...
Appendix 1: Text of the Nottingham Declaration
... 1. London is likely to be particularly sensitive to increases in temperature in the future because of the urban heat island effect, which creates temperatures several degrees warmer than surrounding countryside areas, due to heat emitted from buildings, the heat absorbing qualities of built surfaces ...
... 1. London is likely to be particularly sensitive to increases in temperature in the future because of the urban heat island effect, which creates temperatures several degrees warmer than surrounding countryside areas, due to heat emitted from buildings, the heat absorbing qualities of built surfaces ...
Climate change scenarios for impact assessment in Cuba
... models increase, then the computer requirements also increase. So, due to the high computational cost, it is difficult to evaluate a large number of possible climate scenarios using GCMs. However, simple climate models (SCMs) are able to reproduce a global mean response to forcing that is similar to ...
... models increase, then the computer requirements also increase. So, due to the high computational cost, it is difficult to evaluate a large number of possible climate scenarios using GCMs. However, simple climate models (SCMs) are able to reproduce a global mean response to forcing that is similar to ...
Gathering information about climate change
... Ask groups of pupils to lay two thermometers side by side on the same kind of surface outdoors. They should then cover one of the thermometers with the large jar. Explain that this is their greenhouse. The groups should take and record the readings from each thermometer straight away; again after 30 ...
... Ask groups of pupils to lay two thermometers side by side on the same kind of surface outdoors. They should then cover one of the thermometers with the large jar. Explain that this is their greenhouse. The groups should take and record the readings from each thermometer straight away; again after 30 ...
Assessing the Physical Science of Climate Change
... and are forcing the climate to change. • Beyond global warming: Discernible human influences on other aspects of climate including heat waves, wind patterns, drought, and more…this is the first ‘earth system’ IPCC report. • Commitment: Already committed to more warming (next few decades), with choic ...
... and are forcing the climate to change. • Beyond global warming: Discernible human influences on other aspects of climate including heat waves, wind patterns, drought, and more…this is the first ‘earth system’ IPCC report. • Commitment: Already committed to more warming (next few decades), with choic ...
ENGLISH - Espace
... Increase in global surface temperature over the past 1000 years – and projections for this century. Source: IPCC ...
... Increase in global surface temperature over the past 1000 years – and projections for this century. Source: IPCC ...
Robust options for decarbonization Thomas Bruckner, Ottmar
... • Capture and storage of carbon from fossil fuels • Reduction of non-CO2 greenhouse gases (multi-gas strategy) • Mitigation through improved land-use (e. g., reduced deforestation and afforestation) Strategies to reduce multi-gas emissions can help achieve climate protection targets at substantially ...
... • Capture and storage of carbon from fossil fuels • Reduction of non-CO2 greenhouse gases (multi-gas strategy) • Mitigation through improved land-use (e. g., reduced deforestation and afforestation) Strategies to reduce multi-gas emissions can help achieve climate protection targets at substantially ...
Climate Change: Issues Underlying Negotiations at the Bali Conference of Parties
... are justified to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to limit climate change. Economic analyses of costs for mitigation interact with peoples’ values and ethical considerations of disparities across populations already living and future generations, and across countries and income groups; ethic ...
... are justified to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to limit climate change. Economic analyses of costs for mitigation interact with peoples’ values and ethical considerations of disparities across populations already living and future generations, and across countries and income groups; ethic ...
Earth science 2 (English)
... These fluctuations cause variations in temperature, and according to Milankovitch (1920s) were the basic cause of the periods of glacial advance and retreat during the Ice Age. 3. Changes in the amount of solar radiation emitted by the sun. The Little Ice Age in the Pacific, for example, may have be ...
... These fluctuations cause variations in temperature, and according to Milankovitch (1920s) were the basic cause of the periods of glacial advance and retreat during the Ice Age. 3. Changes in the amount of solar radiation emitted by the sun. The Little Ice Age in the Pacific, for example, may have be ...
Complete Streets Fight Climate Change Incomplete streets will
... In 1993, Portland, Oregon became the first U.S. city to adopt a plan to address global warming, intended to reduce emissions to 10 percent below 1990 levels by 2010. New transit investments and continued improvements to bicycling and walking infrastructure have thus far resulted in per capita CO2 em ...
... In 1993, Portland, Oregon became the first U.S. city to adopt a plan to address global warming, intended to reduce emissions to 10 percent below 1990 levels by 2010. New transit investments and continued improvements to bicycling and walking infrastructure have thus far resulted in per capita CO2 em ...
basnayake_as12 - START - SysTem for Analysis Research and
... Advantages of using these methods/tools – Conceptual advantages 1. Uses only large scale and therefore most reliable GCM information 2. Provides physically based estimates of climatic ...
... Advantages of using these methods/tools – Conceptual advantages 1. Uses only large scale and therefore most reliable GCM information 2. Provides physically based estimates of climatic ...
SCAR`s Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment (ACCE
... 25. Antarctic radiosonde temperature profiles show that the troposphere has warmed at 5 km above sea level, and that the stratosphere above it has cooled over the last 30 years. This pattern would be expected from increasing greenhouse gases. The tropospheric warming in winter is the largest on Eart ...
... 25. Antarctic radiosonde temperature profiles show that the troposphere has warmed at 5 km above sea level, and that the stratosphere above it has cooled over the last 30 years. This pattern would be expected from increasing greenhouse gases. The tropospheric warming in winter is the largest on Eart ...
Environmental Challenges - Jefferey M. Sellers
... Local climate initiatives at USC and around the world; Estimating greenhouse gas emissions at the local level; Greenhouse gas estimation (in-class problem set). Readings: Union of Concerned Scientists, pp. 181-214. University of Southern California, Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2001-2009 (Los Angeles: U ...
... Local climate initiatives at USC and around the world; Estimating greenhouse gas emissions at the local level; Greenhouse gas estimation (in-class problem set). Readings: Union of Concerned Scientists, pp. 181-214. University of Southern California, Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2001-2009 (Los Angeles: U ...
ASM_Maslowski_racm
... Our rationale for developing a regional Arctic climate System Model (ASM) 1. Facilitate focused regional studies of the Arctic 2. Resolve critical details of land elevation, coastline and ocean bottom bathymetry 3. Improve representation of local physical processes & feedbacks (e.g. forcing & defor ...
... Our rationale for developing a regional Arctic climate System Model (ASM) 1. Facilitate focused regional studies of the Arctic 2. Resolve critical details of land elevation, coastline and ocean bottom bathymetry 3. Improve representation of local physical processes & feedbacks (e.g. forcing & defor ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.