The Little Ice Age in Scientiªc Perspective: Cold
... arctica where recent temperatures are still ºuctuating below earlier levels, possibly reºecting effects of climate inertia from the surrounding oceans, although the causal mechanism is still uncertain.7 Focusing on the European Alps, at least two independent proxy archives—glaciers and tree rings—ex ...
... arctica where recent temperatures are still ºuctuating below earlier levels, possibly reºecting effects of climate inertia from the surrounding oceans, although the causal mechanism is still uncertain.7 Focusing on the European Alps, at least two independent proxy archives—glaciers and tree rings—ex ...
Environmental Change: Adaptation Challenges
... (EU Strategy on adaptation to climate change, Brussels, 16. 4. 2013, p. 216) This monograph summarizes theoretical and empirical evidence of environmental change impacts on the physical environment and human societies, with a focus on climate change. Global climate change is considered as one of the ...
... (EU Strategy on adaptation to climate change, Brussels, 16. 4. 2013, p. 216) This monograph summarizes theoretical and empirical evidence of environmental change impacts on the physical environment and human societies, with a focus on climate change. Global climate change is considered as one of the ...
features
... PRINCIPAL FEATURES Purpose of Bill In order to contribute so far as is reasonably practicable to limiting the inevitable and harmful effects of global average temperature increases, to ensure that emissions of greenhouse gases in the State do not exceed the levels binding the State under European Un ...
... PRINCIPAL FEATURES Purpose of Bill In order to contribute so far as is reasonably practicable to limiting the inevitable and harmful effects of global average temperature increases, to ensure that emissions of greenhouse gases in the State do not exceed the levels binding the State under European Un ...
Dr Manohar Arora
... (UNFCCC) defines “climate change” as: ‘a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activities that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods’ ...
... (UNFCCC) defines “climate change” as: ‘a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activities that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods’ ...
Links between Ozone and Climate
... Atmospheric ozone is affected by climate change • Increases in CO2 cool the stratosphere Slows down the rate of gas-phase ozone destruction O3 increase Tendency to increase loss in polar latitudes • Increase in GHGs changes the stratospheric circulation Changed circulation changes stratospheric o ...
... Atmospheric ozone is affected by climate change • Increases in CO2 cool the stratosphere Slows down the rate of gas-phase ozone destruction O3 increase Tendency to increase loss in polar latitudes • Increase in GHGs changes the stratospheric circulation Changed circulation changes stratospheric o ...
Oxfam`s post COP21 analysis
... countries to deal with rising disasters has been severely stretched for years and the international humanitarian system can simply not cope any longer with the rapidly growing needs. The UNHCR also estimates that 20 million are displaced every year due to natural disasters, a figure that is set to ...
... countries to deal with rising disasters has been severely stretched for years and the international humanitarian system can simply not cope any longer with the rapidly growing needs. The UNHCR also estimates that 20 million are displaced every year due to natural disasters, a figure that is set to ...
Teacher`s Notes . Unit 1 Level 2 - Understandi ng Climate Chan ge
... Suggestions- Activity 8.1- Warming Up Our Earth This activity is designed so students can fill in the gaps by directly copying across the missing words. However, to increase difficulty, encourage students to cover up the completed sentences on the left and fill in the missing words without copying t ...
... Suggestions- Activity 8.1- Warming Up Our Earth This activity is designed so students can fill in the gaps by directly copying across the missing words. However, to increase difficulty, encourage students to cover up the completed sentences on the left and fill in the missing words without copying t ...
SoP_Letter submitted to HL Champions
... emissions of Palestine. All of this was done with very limited support and resources especially in light of Palestine’s particular and unique circumstances. The humanitarian and socio-economic impact of climate change will highly exacerbate the current situation on the ground which resulted from the ...
... emissions of Palestine. All of this was done with very limited support and resources especially in light of Palestine’s particular and unique circumstances. The humanitarian and socio-economic impact of climate change will highly exacerbate the current situation on the ground which resulted from the ...
Clemmitt, "Climate change"
... ia parasite does show up in temperate regions, Patz says, but it’s not a problem because the disease’s ability to spread is restricted in moderate climates. Patz says the danger comes if malaria spreads into a region that has become warmer, which some scientists say may be already happening in Afric ...
... ia parasite does show up in temperate regions, Patz says, but it’s not a problem because the disease’s ability to spread is restricted in moderate climates. Patz says the danger comes if malaria spreads into a region that has become warmer, which some scientists say may be already happening in Afric ...
Ecuador`s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
... with oneself, with the rest of the community, with different cultures and with nature. It was under this premise that Ecuador established, by referendum, a new constitution in 2008 in Montecristi, which has been without a doubt a crucial step to addressing national and global issues. Our Constitutio ...
... with oneself, with the rest of the community, with different cultures and with nature. It was under this premise that Ecuador established, by referendum, a new constitution in 2008 in Montecristi, which has been without a doubt a crucial step to addressing national and global issues. Our Constitutio ...
Slide 1
... temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. … Discernible human influences now extend to other aspects of climate, including ocean warming, continental-average temperatures, temperature extremes and wind patterns ...
... temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. … Discernible human influences now extend to other aspects of climate, including ocean warming, continental-average temperatures, temperature extremes and wind patterns ...
Item 5 - Government Consultation On the Draft Climate Change Bill
... Although the UK has managed to maintain economic growth while sustaining a fall in carbon emissions, a bigger reduction is required in order to realise a truly low carbon economy. A legal framework for carbon management will enable the Government to achieve their longterm goal of greater emissions r ...
... Although the UK has managed to maintain economic growth while sustaining a fall in carbon emissions, a bigger reduction is required in order to realise a truly low carbon economy. A legal framework for carbon management will enable the Government to achieve their longterm goal of greater emissions r ...
An Open Letter from Oregon Climate Change Scientists -
... need your leadership now more than ever to reduce the risks of a dangerously warming climate. The science is clear that human activity is the dominant cause of warming over the last half century.1 If global heat-trapping emissions continue to rise, the scope and severity of risks will accelerate. Al ...
... need your leadership now more than ever to reduce the risks of a dangerously warming climate. The science is clear that human activity is the dominant cause of warming over the last half century.1 If global heat-trapping emissions continue to rise, the scope and severity of risks will accelerate. Al ...
Final review - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... Summary of predicted climate change Temperature • The lower atmosphere and Earth's surface warm (the stratosphere cools). • The surface warming at high latitudes is greater than the global average in winter but smaller in summer. (In time dependent simulations with a full ocean, there is less warmi ...
... Summary of predicted climate change Temperature • The lower atmosphere and Earth's surface warm (the stratosphere cools). • The surface warming at high latitudes is greater than the global average in winter but smaller in summer. (In time dependent simulations with a full ocean, there is less warmi ...
Developing and Applying Scenarios: A summary from the Third
... climate, impacts and outcomes to describe the coping range. • Address adaptation to climate variability and extremes as part of reducing vulnerability to longer-term climate change. • Assess risk according to how far climate change, in conjunction with other drivers of change, may drive activities b ...
... climate, impacts and outcomes to describe the coping range. • Address adaptation to climate variability and extremes as part of reducing vulnerability to longer-term climate change. • Assess risk according to how far climate change, in conjunction with other drivers of change, may drive activities b ...
Expansion of the Hadley cell under global warming
... warrants further investigation. [5] Here, we investigate the response of the HC to global warming using 21st century increasing GHG scenarios from the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The diversity of the numerical schemes and parameterizations ...
... warrants further investigation. [5] Here, we investigate the response of the HC to global warming using 21st century increasing GHG scenarios from the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The diversity of the numerical schemes and parameterizations ...
Global Systems - study guide notes
... the chlorine atom. This atom will react with ozone, breaking ozone into normal oxygen which does not block out the UV-b radiation. In the late 1980’s and international ban on CFC’s has slowly had a levelling off effect on the rate of ozone depletion. ...
... the chlorine atom. This atom will react with ozone, breaking ozone into normal oxygen which does not block out the UV-b radiation. In the late 1980’s and international ban on CFC’s has slowly had a levelling off effect on the rate of ozone depletion. ...
Contribution of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... oxygen, argon, and trace gases whose concentration varies little over time and location. Other gases such as water vapor, sulphur dioxides, and nitrogen oxides can vary substantially over time and location depending on air circulation patterns, temperature gradients, land use practices, and industri ...
... oxygen, argon, and trace gases whose concentration varies little over time and location. Other gases such as water vapor, sulphur dioxides, and nitrogen oxides can vary substantially over time and location depending on air circulation patterns, temperature gradients, land use practices, and industri ...
A Call to Action for Conserving Biological Diversity in the Face of
... Literature reviews about biological diversity and climate change have generally ignored a major focus of climate-change policy—mitigation. Conservation professionals will generally support mitigation because it confronts root causes by, for example, reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, insulating ...
... Literature reviews about biological diversity and climate change have generally ignored a major focus of climate-change policy—mitigation. Conservation professionals will generally support mitigation because it confronts root causes by, for example, reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, insulating ...
Document
... – Prototype Climate Services Portal – Develop Climate Model Data Portal for centralized archive and access to selected seasonal to century model based data sets, including re-analyses ...
... – Prototype Climate Services Portal – Develop Climate Model Data Portal for centralized archive and access to selected seasonal to century model based data sets, including re-analyses ...
Harmonization of DRR and CCA_by Z Willison
... Only GHG mitigation mechanism for developing countries ...
... Only GHG mitigation mechanism for developing countries ...
ECOLOGY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
... century, with accelerated warming during the past two decades. There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities. Human activities have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of greenhouse gases – pr ...
... century, with accelerated warming during the past two decades. There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities. Human activities have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of greenhouse gases – pr ...
Tackling climate change at the local level
... development so as to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions arising from construction ...
... development so as to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions arising from construction ...
Presentation - Copernicus.org
... Simulations of present climate temperature and precipitation episodes for the Iberian Peninsula M.J. Carvalho, P. Melo-Gonçalves and A. Rocha CESAM and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro Correspond to [email protected] ...
... Simulations of present climate temperature and precipitation episodes for the Iberian Peninsula M.J. Carvalho, P. Melo-Gonçalves and A. Rocha CESAM and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro Correspond to [email protected] ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.