Climate Change War Game: Major Findings and Background Working PaPer
... and transfer resources for adaptation from the United States to India, the debates and developments in the course of having such discussions were illuminating.” ...
... and transfer resources for adaptation from the United States to India, the debates and developments in the course of having such discussions were illuminating.” ...
Region Case Profile of Future Conflict and
... Draw any relevant findings that suggest the possibility of conflict from the forecasts provided in Part 1. The socio-economic data may show an increasing unemployment rate due to high population growth rates, declining arability in agricultural production, or different rates of income growth for dif ...
... Draw any relevant findings that suggest the possibility of conflict from the forecasts provided in Part 1. The socio-economic data may show an increasing unemployment rate due to high population growth rates, declining arability in agricultural production, or different rates of income growth for dif ...
PDF: Paris 2015 Getting a global agreement on climate change
... The IPCC reports: growing evidence, greater consensus ...
... The IPCC reports: growing evidence, greater consensus ...
Strengthening of the Walker Circulation under Global Warming in an
... change of radiative cooling, which depends on the square root of moisture in the air column (Shine et al., 1990). A recent theoretical study suggests that an El Niño–like warming or a weakening of the Walker cell is primarily determined by the current climate mean state through a longwave radiative ...
... change of radiative cooling, which depends on the square root of moisture in the air column (Shine et al., 1990). A recent theoretical study suggests that an El Niño–like warming or a weakening of the Walker cell is primarily determined by the current climate mean state through a longwave radiative ...
English - Global Environment Facility
... Climate change is likely to heavily impact coral reefs, fisheries and other marine-based resources (high confidence). On some islands, especially those at higher latitudes, warming has already led to the replacement of some local species (high confidence). ...
... Climate change is likely to heavily impact coral reefs, fisheries and other marine-based resources (high confidence). On some islands, especially those at higher latitudes, warming has already led to the replacement of some local species (high confidence). ...
The Rising Seas
... at the edges of tectonic plates or the subsidence that ensues when water or oil is pumped from the ground—dominate in many tide gauge records, even in the tropics. In Bangkok, for example, where resi- ...
... at the edges of tectonic plates or the subsidence that ensues when water or oil is pumped from the ground—dominate in many tide gauge records, even in the tropics. In Bangkok, for example, where resi- ...
CO2 Reduction beyond 20% COM(2010)
... Analysis, in German only]. The Commission is afraid that this EU-ETS practice might slow down incentives for innovation in the EU. To this end, it wishes to substitute part of the credits with new sectoral credits for projects with a greater reduction potential (e.g. in the power sector in advanced ...
... Analysis, in German only]. The Commission is afraid that this EU-ETS practice might slow down incentives for innovation in the EU. To this end, it wishes to substitute part of the credits with new sectoral credits for projects with a greater reduction potential (e.g. in the power sector in advanced ...
Okey et al 2035 modeling challenge
... What are the fisheries impacts / implications (e.g. Will current maximum yield and overfishing definitions remain useful?; What other types of approaches will be needed?; Will climate change dictate changes in traditional fishing gears and methods?) Will the need for maintaining the functional and s ...
... What are the fisheries impacts / implications (e.g. Will current maximum yield and overfishing definitions remain useful?; What other types of approaches will be needed?; Will climate change dictate changes in traditional fishing gears and methods?) Will the need for maintaining the functional and s ...
vsi10 fi Anthoff 13239640 en
... that within one jurisdiction a government that could impose a tax on an externality does also have the necessary means (e.g. the income tax) to correct any undesirable distributional consequence caused by such a Pigouvian tax, this argument does not apply equally to crossnational cases of externalit ...
... that within one jurisdiction a government that could impose a tax on an externality does also have the necessary means (e.g. the income tax) to correct any undesirable distributional consequence caused by such a Pigouvian tax, this argument does not apply equally to crossnational cases of externalit ...
Equity in climate change treaty
... REGIONAL and global variability in the earth’s climate has been part of the natural phenomenon throughout the Holocene1–5 and earlier6–8 , shaping interactions of life with the biosphere and adaptations to global change9–11 . However, recent anthropogenic warming of climate system12,13 and its proje ...
... REGIONAL and global variability in the earth’s climate has been part of the natural phenomenon throughout the Holocene1–5 and earlier6–8 , shaping interactions of life with the biosphere and adaptations to global change9–11 . However, recent anthropogenic warming of climate system12,13 and its proje ...
Slide 1
... This zone covers 2 per cent of the world's land area and contains 10 per cent of the world's total population and 13 per cent of the world's urban population. McGranahan et al (2007, 19) note that between 1994 and 2004, “half of the 120,000 people killed, and 98 per cent of the 2 million people affe ...
... This zone covers 2 per cent of the world's land area and contains 10 per cent of the world's total population and 13 per cent of the world's urban population. McGranahan et al (2007, 19) note that between 1994 and 2004, “half of the 120,000 people killed, and 98 per cent of the 2 million people affe ...
Climate Services
... mega-cities – 4 billion new city dwellers, aging populations, overdevelopment in coastal regions, and regions with limited water supply • Income inequality growing within nations and between nations ...
... mega-cities – 4 billion new city dwellers, aging populations, overdevelopment in coastal regions, and regions with limited water supply • Income inequality growing within nations and between nations ...
microbial Ecology of the oceans
... of the computer models. The chapter’s summary emphasizes the importance of understanding the complex links within our climate system and how these elements can be put in context with what is known about past climatic changes. Chapter 4 illustrates how climate change is measured, beginning with ...
... of the computer models. The chapter’s summary emphasizes the importance of understanding the complex links within our climate system and how these elements can be put in context with what is known about past climatic changes. Chapter 4 illustrates how climate change is measured, beginning with ...
How agriculture and forestry change climate, and how we deal with it
... Land-cover change and land-use change both interact with climate change, and in this booklet we will not differentiate between the two; it is, however, important to be aware that both are aspects of what is termed here solely “land-use change”. Land-use change has many effects on climate change. The ...
... Land-cover change and land-use change both interact with climate change, and in this booklet we will not differentiate between the two; it is, however, important to be aware that both are aspects of what is termed here solely “land-use change”. Land-use change has many effects on climate change. The ...
the heat marches on
... arrival of autumn went unnoticed as the high temperatures of summer continued through the first half of March. The northern hemisphere, in the depths of winter, also saw record warmth. Spells of unseasonably warm temperatures during late 2015 and early 2016 have affected parts of Europe, North Ameri ...
... arrival of autumn went unnoticed as the high temperatures of summer continued through the first half of March. The northern hemisphere, in the depths of winter, also saw record warmth. Spells of unseasonably warm temperatures during late 2015 and early 2016 have affected parts of Europe, North Ameri ...
rainStormsAprIsrael_final
... Air holds more water vapor at higher temperatures A basic physical law tells us that the water holding capacity of the atmosphere goes up at about 7% per degree Celsius increase in temperature. (4% per F) Observations show that this is happening at the surface and in lower atmosphere: 0.55C since ...
... Air holds more water vapor at higher temperatures A basic physical law tells us that the water holding capacity of the atmosphere goes up at about 7% per degree Celsius increase in temperature. (4% per F) Observations show that this is happening at the surface and in lower atmosphere: 0.55C since ...
Speech by Mark Carney at Lloyd`s of London
... As the PRA’s report to Defra notes, major catastrophe events have often driven innovations in risk management. For example, following Hurricane Andrew (1992, $15.5 billion uninflated insured losses) and the associated insolvency of eight insurance companies, the industry developed a more sophisticat ...
... As the PRA’s report to Defra notes, major catastrophe events have often driven innovations in risk management. For example, following Hurricane Andrew (1992, $15.5 billion uninflated insured losses) and the associated insolvency of eight insurance companies, the industry developed a more sophisticat ...
Document
... The atmosphere, which is a layer of gases surrounding the earth, contains, in part, water vapour, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Some of these gases, defined as greenhouse gases, enable solar radiation to pass through, but also absorb the incoming radiation from the earth, which converts to heat. ...
... The atmosphere, which is a layer of gases surrounding the earth, contains, in part, water vapour, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Some of these gases, defined as greenhouse gases, enable solar radiation to pass through, but also absorb the incoming radiation from the earth, which converts to heat. ...
No place to hide. Effects of Climate Change on Protected Areas
... Ocean temperature and coral reefs In 1998, tropical sea surface temperatures were the highest on record, the culmination of a 50-year trend, and simultaneously coral reefs suffered the most extensive and severe bleaching (loss of symbiotic algae) and death on record. This is believed to be due to gl ...
... Ocean temperature and coral reefs In 1998, tropical sea surface temperatures were the highest on record, the culmination of a 50-year trend, and simultaneously coral reefs suffered the most extensive and severe bleaching (loss of symbiotic algae) and death on record. This is believed to be due to gl ...
Consortium for Climate Risk in the Urban Northeast (CCRUN)
... City)College/CUNY) Inves6gators:!Mark!Arend,!Brian!vantP Hull! ...
... City)College/CUNY) Inves6gators:!Mark!Arend,!Brian!vantP Hull! ...
Guest editorial: Climate change as a complex phenomenon and the
... in his book (2009) Why We Disagree About Climate Change observes that climate change means different things to different people in different locations as evident in recent debates around the implementation of a carbon tax in Australia. That is why we disagree about the risks the phenomenon poses and ...
... in his book (2009) Why We Disagree About Climate Change observes that climate change means different things to different people in different locations as evident in recent debates around the implementation of a carbon tax in Australia. That is why we disagree about the risks the phenomenon poses and ...
Anticipated future lake levels on Superior, Michigan
... All of the recent model runs have used transient GCM models. Transient models incorporate full dynamical ocean models (with their thermal capacity) coupled to a model atmosphere with a gradual rise in greenhouse gases and gradual changes in atmospheric temperatures and precipitation. Transient model ...
... All of the recent model runs have used transient GCM models. Transient models incorporate full dynamical ocean models (with their thermal capacity) coupled to a model atmosphere with a gradual rise in greenhouse gases and gradual changes in atmospheric temperatures and precipitation. Transient model ...
June 4, 2014
... scientists and yet they make a claim that "More than 90% of climate scientists agree that the global climate is changing, largely because of carbon dioxide emissions resulting from human activity…..” and cite Anderegg et al (2010) and Doran & Zimmerman (2009). In fact these surveys do not address th ...
... scientists and yet they make a claim that "More than 90% of climate scientists agree that the global climate is changing, largely because of carbon dioxide emissions resulting from human activity…..” and cite Anderegg et al (2010) and Doran & Zimmerman (2009). In fact these surveys do not address th ...
1.5 degrees - Environmental Change Institute
... Nations 21st Conference of Parties last year caught the world by surprise. “Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C” represents a substantially more ambitious mitigation obje ...
... Nations 21st Conference of Parties last year caught the world by surprise. “Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C” represents a substantially more ambitious mitigation obje ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.