Sustainable water management in the tropics and subtropics
... composes Plata Hydrographic Basin. The direct recharge or outcrop areas in Brazil are 104.143 krn-: in Paraquay are 46.211 Km2 and Uruguay are 3.197 Km2• Total value of the direct recharge area =153.551 Km2• These areas are main portions of the recharge aquifer, reason of need your protection (Borgh ...
... composes Plata Hydrographic Basin. The direct recharge or outcrop areas in Brazil are 104.143 krn-: in Paraquay are 46.211 Km2 and Uruguay are 3.197 Km2• Total value of the direct recharge area =153.551 Km2• These areas are main portions of the recharge aquifer, reason of need your protection (Borgh ...
Climate change scenario for Costa Rican montane forests
... Figure 3. Changes (A2 - Control) in the mean (Dm) and standard deviation (Ds) of PDFs along a transect across Costa Rica for elevation zones described in Figure 1. The top panel is for mean (tavg), minimum (tmin) and maximum (tmax) temperature and the bottom panel is for precipitation. agrees well w ...
... Figure 3. Changes (A2 - Control) in the mean (Dm) and standard deviation (Ds) of PDFs along a transect across Costa Rica for elevation zones described in Figure 1. The top panel is for mean (tavg), minimum (tmin) and maximum (tmax) temperature and the bottom panel is for precipitation. agrees well w ...
Climate change and thresholds of biome shifts in - mtc
... Received 6 April 2010; revised 14 July 2010; accepted 26 July 2010; published 11 September 2010. ...
... Received 6 April 2010; revised 14 July 2010; accepted 26 July 2010; published 11 September 2010. ...
TAPP Newsletter
... must also be solved – through innovative and research based approaches – which is the primary objective of higher educational institutions. In order to solve global encounters of today, we need to build partnerships for exchange of knowledge and ideas. This way, enabling technologies in one part of ...
... must also be solved – through innovative and research based approaches – which is the primary objective of higher educational institutions. In order to solve global encounters of today, we need to build partnerships for exchange of knowledge and ideas. This way, enabling technologies in one part of ...
climate engineering: which role for space?
... or geoengineering and involve a deliberate large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climate system as defined by the Royal Society in its geoengineering report in 2009. To ensure an adequate evaluation of climate engineering concepts the Royal Society recommended international collaborative research ...
... or geoengineering and involve a deliberate large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climate system as defined by the Royal Society in its geoengineering report in 2009. To ensure an adequate evaluation of climate engineering concepts the Royal Society recommended international collaborative research ...
Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP) Report card
... The time that it takes to collect data and recognise a trend varies between all of the topics covered in this card. There are also challenges with attributing these trends directly to climate change. Below we provide two illustrations highlighting some of the issues; the collation of physical time s ...
... The time that it takes to collect data and recognise a trend varies between all of the topics covered in this card. There are also challenges with attributing these trends directly to climate change. Below we provide two illustrations highlighting some of the issues; the collation of physical time s ...
To this scientific item, click here
... sea and contiguous zone, EEZ, continental shelf) and spaces beyond the limits of national jurisdiction (High seas, the Area)2. Since it came into force on the 16th November 1994, more than ten years after its signature in Montego Bay (Jamaica), the International Community has shown a growing concern ...
... sea and contiguous zone, EEZ, continental shelf) and spaces beyond the limits of national jurisdiction (High seas, the Area)2. Since it came into force on the 16th November 1994, more than ten years after its signature in Montego Bay (Jamaica), the International Community has shown a growing concern ...
The Climate of History: Four Theses
... began in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the same period in which social scientists and humanists began to discuss globalization.3 However, these discussions have so far run parallel to each other. While globalization, once recognized, was of immediate interest to humanists and social scientists, gl ...
... began in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the same period in which social scientists and humanists began to discuss globalization.3 However, these discussions have so far run parallel to each other. While globalization, once recognized, was of immediate interest to humanists and social scientists, gl ...
Does global environmental change cause vulnerability to disaster
... adapted to long term changes in climate and other environmental parameters. Indeed the history of agriculture can be seen in terms of adaptation of cropping and livestock systems to an ever-changing set of circumstances (e.g. Bray, 1986; Diamond, 1999). Nevertheless there are examples where climate ...
... adapted to long term changes in climate and other environmental parameters. Indeed the history of agriculture can be seen in terms of adaptation of cropping and livestock systems to an ever-changing set of circumstances (e.g. Bray, 1986; Diamond, 1999). Nevertheless there are examples where climate ...
METO112-hydrology - Department of Meteorology and Climate
... Figure 3.35. Annual values of the East Asia summer monsoon index derived from MSLP gradients between land and ocean in the East Asia region. The definition of the index is based on Guo et al. (2003) but was recalculated Figure 3.35 based on the HadSLP2 (Allan and Ansell, 2006) data set. The smooth b ...
... Figure 3.35. Annual values of the East Asia summer monsoon index derived from MSLP gradients between land and ocean in the East Asia region. The definition of the index is based on Guo et al. (2003) but was recalculated Figure 3.35 based on the HadSLP2 (Allan and Ansell, 2006) data set. The smooth b ...
Introduction Growth, Punctuation, and Human Well-Being
... Fearful of being labeled “environmental determinists,” we opt for a model of change in which all of the significant causal agents in historical processes are internal – or endogenous – to human culture, society, and economy. Given that most historians work on the past three to four centuries at most ...
... Fearful of being labeled “environmental determinists,” we opt for a model of change in which all of the significant causal agents in historical processes are internal – or endogenous – to human culture, society, and economy. Given that most historians work on the past three to four centuries at most ...
using big data, scenarios development, and game theory to monitor
... demand increases due to economic growth, but power is more widely distributed. Governments take longer to make important energy decisions to address climate change. Market forces shape the energy system more than government. Oil and coal remain but the share of renewable energy grows. The Shell scen ...
... demand increases due to economic growth, but power is more widely distributed. Governments take longer to make important energy decisions to address climate change. Market forces shape the energy system more than government. Oil and coal remain but the share of renewable energy grows. The Shell scen ...
A DYNAMIC SIMULATION MODEL OF CARBON CIRCULATION
... Emanuel et al. (1981) is adopted. The model consists of a globally aggregated terrestrial biosphere with five stocks, each representing carbon in different ecosystems with different turnover times. The flows between the stocks are represented with linear equations except respiration and photosynthes ...
... Emanuel et al. (1981) is adopted. The model consists of a globally aggregated terrestrial biosphere with five stocks, each representing carbon in different ecosystems with different turnover times. The flows between the stocks are represented with linear equations except respiration and photosynthes ...
Exxon Mobil and British Petroleum: A tale of two companies or just
... Despite Exxon’s emphasis on research, they have already implemented some changes in their operations and have prevented the emission of approximately 8 million tons of CO2. They also use cogeneration plants in over 30 locations around the world, which reduces global CO2 emissions by over 10.5 milli ...
... Despite Exxon’s emphasis on research, they have already implemented some changes in their operations and have prevented the emission of approximately 8 million tons of CO2. They also use cogeneration plants in over 30 locations around the world, which reduces global CO2 emissions by over 10.5 milli ...
the article (Word 298.5KB)
... CO2e concentrations being stabilised at 450 ppm – which is only about 20 ppm above current levels – there is a strong likelihood that the global mean surface temperature will increase by more than 2ºC (i.e. above pre-industrial levels), a reasonably good chance that it will increase by more than 3ºC ...
... CO2e concentrations being stabilised at 450 ppm – which is only about 20 ppm above current levels – there is a strong likelihood that the global mean surface temperature will increase by more than 2ºC (i.e. above pre-industrial levels), a reasonably good chance that it will increase by more than 3ºC ...
Conference Report Fossil Fuels and Ethical Investment
... Fuels and the economy The vast majority of greenhouse gas emissions emanating from fossil fuels relate to their use rather than their extraction. It is impossible to separate the production of energy from its use. The harnessing of energy (from whatever source) lies at the centre of the economic sys ...
... Fuels and the economy The vast majority of greenhouse gas emissions emanating from fossil fuels relate to their use rather than their extraction. It is impossible to separate the production of energy from its use. The harnessing of energy (from whatever source) lies at the centre of the economic sys ...
Climate Change 2014 2015
... Land heats faster than water and thus can reach higher temperatures in the same amount of time. It also cools faster. Even if not in motion, water warms more slowly than land does. Water also releases heat energy more slowly than land. Waves, currents, and other oceanic movements continuously replac ...
... Land heats faster than water and thus can reach higher temperatures in the same amount of time. It also cools faster. Even if not in motion, water warms more slowly than land does. Water also releases heat energy more slowly than land. Waves, currents, and other oceanic movements continuously replac ...
Download: ACI2015 - Summary for Policy-makers
... on its altitude in the atmosphere, the locations of black carbon sources and the details of its transport pathways are important considerations. Black carbon at high altitudes in the Arctic leads to surface cooling. Black carbon found lower in the atmosphere, leading to surface warming and at times ...
... on its altitude in the atmosphere, the locations of black carbon sources and the details of its transport pathways are important considerations. Black carbon at high altitudes in the Arctic leads to surface cooling. Black carbon found lower in the atmosphere, leading to surface warming and at times ...
The Climate of History: Four Theses
... began in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the same period in which social scientists and humanists began to discuss globalization.3 However, these discussions have so far run parallel to each other. While globalization, once recognized, was of immediate interest to humanists and social scientists, gl ...
... began in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the same period in which social scientists and humanists began to discuss globalization.3 However, these discussions have so far run parallel to each other. While globalization, once recognized, was of immediate interest to humanists and social scientists, gl ...
Neymar, Serena Williams and Kolo Touré join
... “It would be wonderful if all teachers could make sure the World’s Largest Lesson is taught at their school. By making the Global Goals famous we can give them the best chance of working around the world – and help make us the first generation to end extreme poverty, the most determined generation i ...
... “It would be wonderful if all teachers could make sure the World’s Largest Lesson is taught at their school. By making the Global Goals famous we can give them the best chance of working around the world – and help make us the first generation to end extreme poverty, the most determined generation i ...
Effects of global climate change on marine and estuarine fishes and
... focus on how global changes (particularly temperature-related ones) impact marine and estuarine fish and fisheries, and the people who depend on them. The amazing aspect of global climate change is the magnitude of the impact of a relatively small temperature change. An increase of a few degrees in at ...
... focus on how global changes (particularly temperature-related ones) impact marine and estuarine fish and fisheries, and the people who depend on them. The amazing aspect of global climate change is the magnitude of the impact of a relatively small temperature change. An increase of a few degrees in at ...
climate change in lesotho - Lesotho Meteorological Services
... enactment of a global treaty to deal with the problem. The Second Assessment Report of the IPCC was published in 1995. This report confirmed the scientific evidence of a discernible human influence on the global climate. The report pointed out that over the last century, atmospheric concentrations ...
... enactment of a global treaty to deal with the problem. The Second Assessment Report of the IPCC was published in 1995. This report confirmed the scientific evidence of a discernible human influence on the global climate. The report pointed out that over the last century, atmospheric concentrations ...
Adapting to Climate Change - Business for Social Responsibility
... forums to work with? 5. How much visibility do you have into your raw-material supply base? ...
... forums to work with? 5. How much visibility do you have into your raw-material supply base? ...
CSI presentation (MoA)
... manifests itself in irregular and unpredictable precipitation, changing weather patterns and extreme weather events, resulting in heightened vulnerability and exposure to climate related shocks. ...
... manifests itself in irregular and unpredictable precipitation, changing weather patterns and extreme weather events, resulting in heightened vulnerability and exposure to climate related shocks. ...
Long-Term Ecological Records and Their Relevance to Climate
... shift), or adaptation (Aitken et al. 2008). To date, key research efforts have focused on the first two scenarios, mainly through the assessment of biotic responses to climate change via development of a suite of predictive species distribution models (e.g., Guisan & Thuiller 2005). These bioclimatic ...
... shift), or adaptation (Aitken et al. 2008). To date, key research efforts have focused on the first two scenarios, mainly through the assessment of biotic responses to climate change via development of a suite of predictive species distribution models (e.g., Guisan & Thuiller 2005). These bioclimatic ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.