et al
... Bathiany, S., M. Claussen, et al. (2010). "Combined biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects of largescale forest cover changes in the MPI earth system model." Biogeosciences 7: 1383-1399. Betts, R. (2007). "Implications of land ecosystem-atmosphere interactions for strategies for climate change ad ...
... Bathiany, S., M. Claussen, et al. (2010). "Combined biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects of largescale forest cover changes in the MPI earth system model." Biogeosciences 7: 1383-1399. Betts, R. (2007). "Implications of land ecosystem-atmosphere interactions for strategies for climate change ad ...
Annual Progress Report 2015-16
... and decade. It was also found that volcanic eruptions influence SSTs and are one of the sources of decadal SST hindcast skill. In the actual climate system, however, volcanic eruptions themselves are not predictable, and therefore, their effects on the climate system can only be predicted after erup ...
... and decade. It was also found that volcanic eruptions influence SSTs and are one of the sources of decadal SST hindcast skill. In the actual climate system, however, volcanic eruptions themselves are not predictable, and therefore, their effects on the climate system can only be predicted after erup ...
Puerto Rico`s State of the Climate EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
... OBSERVED GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURA TRENDS The past three decades have been Earth’s warmest since reliable surface temperature records began to be kept in 1850, with a global average increase of about 10 C (1.80 F) over that period. In Puerto Rico our annual average temperature rose the same amount ...
... OBSERVED GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURA TRENDS The past three decades have been Earth’s warmest since reliable surface temperature records began to be kept in 1850, with a global average increase of about 10 C (1.80 F) over that period. In Puerto Rico our annual average temperature rose the same amount ...
Royal Society
... To balance the absorption of 240 Wm-2 from the Sun, the Earth’s surface and atmosphere must emit the same amount of energy into space; they do so as infrared radiation. On average the surface emits significantly more than 240 Wm-2, but the net effect of absorption and emission of infrared radiation ...
... To balance the absorption of 240 Wm-2 from the Sun, the Earth’s surface and atmosphere must emit the same amount of energy into space; they do so as infrared radiation. On average the surface emits significantly more than 240 Wm-2, but the net effect of absorption and emission of infrared radiation ...
Presentation - Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts
... • Saplings per Acre • Seedlings per Acre Three new metrics provide an assessment of the risk of decline of trees, saplings, and seedlings using data from the Climate Change Tree Atlas: • Climate Risk – Overstory • Climate Risk – Saplings • Climate Risk – Seedlings ...
... • Saplings per Acre • Seedlings per Acre Three new metrics provide an assessment of the risk of decline of trees, saplings, and seedlings using data from the Climate Change Tree Atlas: • Climate Risk – Overstory • Climate Risk – Saplings • Climate Risk – Seedlings ...
The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific and El Niño
... the characteristics, physical processes and feedbacks underlying ENSO evolution in CGCMs9,10,11,12,13,14. CGCMs continue to improve in terms of their ability to simulate mean climate and ENSO variability11,15. In addition, the basis for the evaluation of GCMs continues to improve due to continued co ...
... the characteristics, physical processes and feedbacks underlying ENSO evolution in CGCMs9,10,11,12,13,14. CGCMs continue to improve in terms of their ability to simulate mean climate and ENSO variability11,15. In addition, the basis for the evaluation of GCMs continues to improve due to continued co ...
Protecting Biodiversity in a Changing Climate
... (Abramovitz et al., undated). There are a number of modeling tools now available for assessing climate change impacts to biodiversity, including regional climate models, dynamic and equilibrium vegetation models, species bioclimatic envelope models, and others. After vulnerabilities are assessed, ad ...
... (Abramovitz et al., undated). There are a number of modeling tools now available for assessing climate change impacts to biodiversity, including regional climate models, dynamic and equilibrium vegetation models, species bioclimatic envelope models, and others. After vulnerabilities are assessed, ad ...
IPCC (2007) - climate crime index
... Mid-continental areas – such as the United States' "grain belt" and vast areas of Asia – are likely to dry. Where dry-land agriculture relies solely on rain, as in sub-Saharan Africa, yields would decrease dramatically in regions, even with minimal increases in temperature. Such changes could cause ...
... Mid-continental areas – such as the United States' "grain belt" and vast areas of Asia – are likely to dry. Where dry-land agriculture relies solely on rain, as in sub-Saharan Africa, yields would decrease dramatically in regions, even with minimal increases in temperature. Such changes could cause ...
the climate technology program
... a global technology and entrepreneurship program in the World Bank Group. The CTP supports the private sector in developing countries - targeting SMEs and entrepreneurs - to innovate novel technologies and business models to address local climate challenges. By supporting the stakeholder-driven deve ...
... a global technology and entrepreneurship program in the World Bank Group. The CTP supports the private sector in developing countries - targeting SMEs and entrepreneurs - to innovate novel technologies and business models to address local climate challenges. By supporting the stakeholder-driven deve ...
OVERVIEW:
... B–Water supply: Water supply in the NRB is being affected by a large number of factors including decreasing snowfall, increasing total winter precipitation (i.e., more winter rain), decreasing soil moisture, forest pests outbreaks and warming temperatures. These have led to a change in the annual d ...
... B–Water supply: Water supply in the NRB is being affected by a large number of factors including decreasing snowfall, increasing total winter precipitation (i.e., more winter rain), decreasing soil moisture, forest pests outbreaks and warming temperatures. These have led to a change in the annual d ...
8 May 2013 Mr Rob Sturgiss Assistant Secretary National Inventory
... relate to two areas of uncertainty which would increase the overall GHG emission profile for UG developments: 1. Potential for direct measurement of fugitive methane emissions (venting, leakage, and diffuse) to result in significantly different emission values than those given by current estimation ...
... relate to two areas of uncertainty which would increase the overall GHG emission profile for UG developments: 1. Potential for direct measurement of fugitive methane emissions (venting, leakage, and diffuse) to result in significantly different emission values than those given by current estimation ...
To cite this version:
... a rapid increase in global population and economy, an absence of climate policies, and a considerable increase in GHG emissions, consistent with current trends. The projections based on this scenario forecast an average increase in temperature of about 3 °C by the end of the century (IPCC, ...
... a rapid increase in global population and economy, an absence of climate policies, and a considerable increase in GHG emissions, consistent with current trends. The projections based on this scenario forecast an average increase in temperature of about 3 °C by the end of the century (IPCC, ...
Climate Change and Tourism: The Case for the Coastline of the
... strategies to adapt to and mitigate effects of climate change.” While it is not clear whether Outer Banks tourism is being impacted by climate change, the issue has generated serious discussion and some concern amongst private business interests, government agencies and the public. Carolyn McCormick ...
... strategies to adapt to and mitigate effects of climate change.” While it is not clear whether Outer Banks tourism is being impacted by climate change, the issue has generated serious discussion and some concern amongst private business interests, government agencies and the public. Carolyn McCormick ...
Biomimicry - Strategic Energy Innovations.
... eliminate the sonic boom caused by high-speed bullet trains exiting the station, they looked at the aerodynamics of the Kingfisher bird’s beak. Engineers redesigned the front of the train to mimic the bird’s beak, eliminating the sonic boom. Perhaps the most famous example of using nature as a sourc ...
... eliminate the sonic boom caused by high-speed bullet trains exiting the station, they looked at the aerodynamics of the Kingfisher bird’s beak. Engineers redesigned the front of the train to mimic the bird’s beak, eliminating the sonic boom. Perhaps the most famous example of using nature as a sourc ...
How Will Climate Change Affect Marine Ecosystems in Puget Sound?
... shells. Efforts to address climate-‐related effects on marine ecosystems are increasing, particularly with respect to ocean acidification and ocean monitoring. ...
... shells. Efforts to address climate-‐related effects on marine ecosystems are increasing, particularly with respect to ocean acidification and ocean monitoring. ...
23 January 1979 25 January 1979 30 January 1979 3 March 1979
... So soil moisture is one of the factors that allow forecasters to predict short-term weather, as well as create less-definitive outlooks for precipitation and average temperatures over months or seasons. Accurate measurements of moisture in various levels of the soil are also important for computer m ...
... So soil moisture is one of the factors that allow forecasters to predict short-term weather, as well as create less-definitive outlooks for precipitation and average temperatures over months or seasons. Accurate measurements of moisture in various levels of the soil are also important for computer m ...
PDF
... 1. Implementing a spatially explicit sensitivity to climate and soil The European agricultural production is economically represented by AROPAj supply-side model, which is based on a micro-economic approach applied to a set of representative farms, and augmented by additional blocks dedicated to GHG ...
... 1. Implementing a spatially explicit sensitivity to climate and soil The European agricultural production is economically represented by AROPAj supply-side model, which is based on a micro-economic approach applied to a set of representative farms, and augmented by additional blocks dedicated to GHG ...
Reaching professionals and ordinary citizens
... Professionals and ordinary citizens alike can always benefit from good advice and accurate information. Existing materials will have to be updated, but there is also a need to keep on working to inform people even more about climate issues, as specified in the programme of the new Finnish Government ...
... Professionals and ordinary citizens alike can always benefit from good advice and accurate information. Existing materials will have to be updated, but there is also a need to keep on working to inform people even more about climate issues, as specified in the programme of the new Finnish Government ...
IP035: Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment 2016 Update
... 18. A study by McIntyre et al. (2015) assessed spatial and temporal patterns of changes in body conditions of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from Marion Island, based on changes in drift rates (which are related to gains and losses of blubber). Increased condition was consistently negati ...
... 18. A study by McIntyre et al. (2015) assessed spatial and temporal patterns of changes in body conditions of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from Marion Island, based on changes in drift rates (which are related to gains and losses of blubber). Increased condition was consistently negati ...
Greenhouse Effect
... visible wavelengths to allow significant amounts of solar radiation to be absorbed by the ground surface. The atmosphere must also be sufficiently opaque at thermal wavelengths to prevent thermal radiation emitted by the ground surface from escaping directly out to space. In such planetary atmospher ...
... visible wavelengths to allow significant amounts of solar radiation to be absorbed by the ground surface. The atmosphere must also be sufficiently opaque at thermal wavelengths to prevent thermal radiation emitted by the ground surface from escaping directly out to space. In such planetary atmospher ...
Climate Change and Forest Fire Potential in Russian and Canadian
... absolute value changes in MSR. Figures 4a and 4b illustrate the dramatic changes in the areal extent of high to extreme fire danger in both countries under a doubled CO2 climate. In general, there is a decrease in moderate MSR and SSR levels, and a significant increase in the area experiencing high ...
... absolute value changes in MSR. Figures 4a and 4b illustrate the dramatic changes in the areal extent of high to extreme fire danger in both countries under a doubled CO2 climate. In general, there is a decrease in moderate MSR and SSR levels, and a significant increase in the area experiencing high ...
Implications of the Paris Agreement for Carbon Dioxide Removal
... experience climates closer to preindustrial conditions with SRM compared to what they would experience without it (Kravitz et al., 2014). In other words, SRM may be efficacious in reducing the dimensions of climate change more broadly, not just global average surface temperature. Fourth, and finall ...
... experience climates closer to preindustrial conditions with SRM compared to what they would experience without it (Kravitz et al., 2014). In other words, SRM may be efficacious in reducing the dimensions of climate change more broadly, not just global average surface temperature. Fourth, and finall ...
GEF factsheets english
... The impacts of climate change are already tangible in many regions and they are projected to become even more severe in coming years. This will have environmental, social and economic consequences. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, which repre ...
... The impacts of climate change are already tangible in many regions and they are projected to become even more severe in coming years. This will have environmental, social and economic consequences. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, which repre ...
Author`s personal copy
... reviewed ‘‘hundreds of papers . . . on a suite of topics related to human-induced climate change’’ since the drafting of AR4, and, like the NRC report, found that key changes were happening either at the same rate as, or more quickly than, anticipated (p. 5). Among their key findings were that globa ...
... reviewed ‘‘hundreds of papers . . . on a suite of topics related to human-induced climate change’’ since the drafting of AR4, and, like the NRC report, found that key changes were happening either at the same rate as, or more quickly than, anticipated (p. 5). Among their key findings were that globa ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.