Northern Ireland Climate Change Adaptation Programme
... Maintaining and improving our environment represents one of our toughest tests. This is particularly so when confronted by global issues such as climate change whose environmental impacts know no boundaries or borders. There is no doubt that climate change represents the biggest environmental, econo ...
... Maintaining and improving our environment represents one of our toughest tests. This is particularly so when confronted by global issues such as climate change whose environmental impacts know no boundaries or borders. There is no doubt that climate change represents the biggest environmental, econo ...
Climate Change Effects and Adaptation Approaches in Marine and
... Increases in CO2 and air temperature, combined with changing precipitation patterns, are already altering conditions and processes in marine and coastal ecosystems. These trends are projected to continue. The oceans are increasing in acidity. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations have caused glo ...
... Increases in CO2 and air temperature, combined with changing precipitation patterns, are already altering conditions and processes in marine and coastal ecosystems. These trends are projected to continue. The oceans are increasing in acidity. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations have caused glo ...
Full Report, Final Report, Abrupt Climate Change
... We are also grateful to all the reviewers who provided valuable comments during the public comment period. The draft manuscript, public review comments and responses by the authors can be found at http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap34/default.php. ...
... We are also grateful to all the reviewers who provided valuable comments during the public comment period. The draft manuscript, public review comments and responses by the authors can be found at http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap34/default.php. ...
Climate Change and Restoration of Degraded Land
... range, pasture, forest, and woodlands resulting from land uses or from a process or combination of processes, including processes arising from human activities and habitation patterns, such as: (i) soil erosion caused by wind and/or water; (ii) deterioration of the physical, chemical, and biological ...
... range, pasture, forest, and woodlands resulting from land uses or from a process or combination of processes, including processes arising from human activities and habitation patterns, such as: (i) soil erosion caused by wind and/or water; (ii) deterioration of the physical, chemical, and biological ...
Phenology, biomass and community composition changes in European shrublands submitted to
... experimental warming along a north-south gradient in Europe. 4- Flowering of Globularia alypum and Erica multiflora in Mediterranean garrigue, and its response to precipitation and to experimental drought and warming. 5- Experimental Drought and Warming decrease diversity and slow down post-fire suc ...
... experimental warming along a north-south gradient in Europe. 4- Flowering of Globularia alypum and Erica multiflora in Mediterranean garrigue, and its response to precipitation and to experimental drought and warming. 5- Experimental Drought and Warming decrease diversity and slow down post-fire suc ...
Climate Change The UK Programme 2006
... This Government believes that climate change is the greatest long-term challenge facing the world today. There is strong and indisputable evidence that climate change is happening and that man-made emissions are its main cause. The ten warmest years globally since formal records began in 1861 have a ...
... This Government believes that climate change is the greatest long-term challenge facing the world today. There is strong and indisputable evidence that climate change is happening and that man-made emissions are its main cause. The ten warmest years globally since formal records began in 1861 have a ...
Lightning Applications in Weather and Climate Research
... 1991). In the thunderstorm, there is a layer where we can find liquid water (supercooled), ice crystals, snow, hail, and graupel (soft hail) all existing together. This is between the 0 °C isotherm and the -40 °C isotherm. At temperatures higher than 0 °C, all ice will start melting and turn to wate ...
... 1991). In the thunderstorm, there is a layer where we can find liquid water (supercooled), ice crystals, snow, hail, and graupel (soft hail) all existing together. This is between the 0 °C isotherm and the -40 °C isotherm. At temperatures higher than 0 °C, all ice will start melting and turn to wate ...
Payne and Pates 2009 Wetlands Ecology and Management
... chronology for these profiles. However both sets of results can be taken to suggest that ...
... chronology for these profiles. However both sets of results can be taken to suggest that ...
Voluntary Guidance for States to Incorporate Climate Change into
... The document provides an overview of the information currently available on climate change, tools that can be used to plan for and implement climate change adaptation, voluntary guidance and case studies. Climate change is a large and growing threat to all wildlife and natural systems and will also ...
... The document provides an overview of the information currently available on climate change, tools that can be used to plan for and implement climate change adaptation, voluntary guidance and case studies. Climate change is a large and growing threat to all wildlife and natural systems and will also ...
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Climate is one of the essential and
... atmospheric carbon dioxide of about 380 ppm is well above the upper control limit of the Earth’s recent past; there is no evidence of a state above 280 ppm. The rate of increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide is about two orders of magnitude higher than that during the glacial terminations. The rates ...
... atmospheric carbon dioxide of about 380 ppm is well above the upper control limit of the Earth’s recent past; there is no evidence of a state above 280 ppm. The rate of increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide is about two orders of magnitude higher than that during the glacial terminations. The rates ...
Mechanism of Interdecadal Thermohaline Circulation Variability in a
... ated first principal component (PC1). This mode explains 58.4% of the variance in the bandpass-filtered OHT. The heat transport mode reaches peak amplitude around 35°N—where the mean meridional temperature gradients are greatest—decaying rapidly to the north of this latitude and more gradually to th ...
... ated first principal component (PC1). This mode explains 58.4% of the variance in the bandpass-filtered OHT. The heat transport mode reaches peak amplitude around 35°N—where the mean meridional temperature gradients are greatest—decaying rapidly to the north of this latitude and more gradually to th ...
Likely ecological impacts of global warming and climate change on
... world; yet this does not prevent it from being under great threat from continued warming of sea temperatures. It also faces growing threats from coastal land practices and exploitation of fisheries resources. The facts supporting these conclusions are indisputable. 10. Change to the health of our ec ...
... world; yet this does not prevent it from being under great threat from continued warming of sea temperatures. It also faces growing threats from coastal land practices and exploitation of fisheries resources. The facts supporting these conclusions are indisputable. 10. Change to the health of our ec ...
UK Climate Change Programme 2006
... This Government believes that climate change is the greatest long-term challenge facing the world today. There is strong and indisputable evidence that climate change is happening and that man-made emissions are its main cause. The ten warmest years globally since formal records began in 1861 have a ...
... This Government believes that climate change is the greatest long-term challenge facing the world today. There is strong and indisputable evidence that climate change is happening and that man-made emissions are its main cause. The ten warmest years globally since formal records began in 1861 have a ...
Basic physical mechanisms for monsoon failure in past and future
... They govern seasonal and year–to–year climate variability in many tropical and subtropical regions, and the associated rainfall is the dominant natural variable that human economies in those regions are built around. Changes in monsoon rainfall appear to have affected human societies throughout hist ...
... They govern seasonal and year–to–year climate variability in many tropical and subtropical regions, and the associated rainfall is the dominant natural variable that human economies in those regions are built around. Changes in monsoon rainfall appear to have affected human societies throughout hist ...
MASTER THESIS`S 2010
... increasing methane (CH 4 ) carbon monoxide (CO) has elevated tropospheric O 3 levels since pre-industrial times (Dentener et al., 2005). The main sources for the emission of precursor are industries, conurbations, increasing human activities and an increasing numbers of vehicles. Control measures fo ...
... increasing methane (CH 4 ) carbon monoxide (CO) has elevated tropospheric O 3 levels since pre-industrial times (Dentener et al., 2005). The main sources for the emission of precursor are industries, conurbations, increasing human activities and an increasing numbers of vehicles. Control measures fo ...
East Midlands Sustainable Development Round Table The Potential
... to do this we will have to take climate change into account when planning our water resources, flood defences, industry, agriculture, housing and other developments and biodiversity. However, the priority for action is to avoid causing even more harmful changes in our climate. Climate change is caus ...
... to do this we will have to take climate change into account when planning our water resources, flood defences, industry, agriculture, housing and other developments and biodiversity. However, the priority for action is to avoid causing even more harmful changes in our climate. Climate change is caus ...
field investigations of permafrost and climatic
... Scandinavia for the region. In Scandinavia there is relatively little permafrost, and so the GCM results are unsuitable for investigations of potential climate change in northwest North America (Stuart and Judge, 1991). Field experiments by SeppŠlŠ (1982) demonstrated the importance of snow cover o ...
... Scandinavia for the region. In Scandinavia there is relatively little permafrost, and so the GCM results are unsuitable for investigations of potential climate change in northwest North America (Stuart and Judge, 1991). Field experiments by SeppŠlŠ (1982) demonstrated the importance of snow cover o ...
Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production
... 2010; Bopp et al., 2013; Cabré et al., 2014). By largely disregarding the regions of large inconsistencies, this focus may have underestimated the uncertainty associated with current projections of future marine NPP changes. This is well illustrated by the most recent model comparison study by Bopp ...
... 2010; Bopp et al., 2013; Cabré et al., 2014). By largely disregarding the regions of large inconsistencies, this focus may have underestimated the uncertainty associated with current projections of future marine NPP changes. This is well illustrated by the most recent model comparison study by Bopp ...
Communicating Progress in National and Global Adaptation to
... level of time and resources needed for adaptation reporting, which may not be consistent with the concept of avoiding additional burden for developing country Parties. Global stocktake and adaptation communications The global stocktake under the Paris Agreement has four adaptation-related aims, and ...
... level of time and resources needed for adaptation reporting, which may not be consistent with the concept of avoiding additional burden for developing country Parties. Global stocktake and adaptation communications The global stocktake under the Paris Agreement has four adaptation-related aims, and ...
An Analysis of Methane Mitigation as a Response
... According to IPCC, further warming would induce many changes in the global climate system until 2100, such as changes in wind patterns, precipitation, weather extremes and sea ice. A global temperature rise of more than 2 °C compared to pre-industrial levels might result in abrupt or irreversible c ...
... According to IPCC, further warming would induce many changes in the global climate system until 2100, such as changes in wind patterns, precipitation, weather extremes and sea ice. A global temperature rise of more than 2 °C compared to pre-industrial levels might result in abrupt or irreversible c ...
Learning to Live in a Changing Climate
... twin-track approach, of both curbing the actions that are causing climate change, and learning to live with the now unavoidable climatic changes that are and will continue to unfold. To curb further climate change requires mitigation actions that reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere; pri ...
... twin-track approach, of both curbing the actions that are causing climate change, and learning to live with the now unavoidable climatic changes that are and will continue to unfold. To curb further climate change requires mitigation actions that reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere; pri ...
The Governance of Scientific Assessment in the Context of the
... the Executive Committee essentially aims at making the IPCC management better in providing a coordinated response to urgent matters arising in-between the Panel’s meetings. As such, the Executive Committee addresses burning issues related to IPCC products and its programme of work; undertakes outrea ...
... the Executive Committee essentially aims at making the IPCC management better in providing a coordinated response to urgent matters arising in-between the Panel’s meetings. As such, the Executive Committee addresses burning issues related to IPCC products and its programme of work; undertakes outrea ...
Assessing an IPCC Assessment: An Analysis of Statements on Projected Regional Impacts in the 2007 Report
... other important areas, such as industrialisation, population growth, and land use; One section that describes the most important negative impacts, including a worst-case risk approach, based on a clearly explicated risk-assessment methodology. No consequences for overarching conclusions Our findi ...
... other important areas, such as industrialisation, population growth, and land use; One section that describes the most important negative impacts, including a worst-case risk approach, based on a clearly explicated risk-assessment methodology. No consequences for overarching conclusions Our findi ...
CRISIS IN THE SAHEL - The Bixby Center for Population, Health
... rise of 3°C to 5°C (7°F to 10°F) above today’s already high temperatures by 2050. Scientific projections several decades into the future can never be exact, and the forecasts of population and global warming made for 2050 might come a decade sooner or later, but they will occur. The projections for ...
... rise of 3°C to 5°C (7°F to 10°F) above today’s already high temperatures by 2050. Scientific projections several decades into the future can never be exact, and the forecasts of population and global warming made for 2050 might come a decade sooner or later, but they will occur. The projections for ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.