Quantifying non-cooperative climate engineering
... fueled the discussion about alternative policy options in order to cope with the impacts from climate change. Among these, climate engineering (CE) refers to the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of reducing global warming. One prominent climate engi ...
... fueled the discussion about alternative policy options in order to cope with the impacts from climate change. Among these, climate engineering (CE) refers to the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of reducing global warming. One prominent climate engi ...
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... greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The two most significant institutions for reducing GHG emissions implemented to date — the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) — are tradable permit systems. Furthermore, tradable permit systems are being consider ...
... greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The two most significant institutions for reducing GHG emissions implemented to date — the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) — are tradable permit systems. Furthermore, tradable permit systems are being consider ...
From science to policy: developing responses to climate change
... the “benefit-cost” criterion that weights the expected benefits and expected costs of an action taken to address an uncertain health risk. The benefit-cost criterion is straightforward: if the winners under a proposed policy value the change more highly than do the losers, it is said that the polic ...
... the “benefit-cost” criterion that weights the expected benefits and expected costs of an action taken to address an uncertain health risk. The benefit-cost criterion is straightforward: if the winners under a proposed policy value the change more highly than do the losers, it is said that the polic ...
26112015-Pielke-Jr-VWN presentation
... Coastal Research, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research •32 participants from 16 countries •24 background “white papers” •Summary consensus report •Consistent with IPCC WGI ...
... Coastal Research, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research •32 participants from 16 countries •24 background “white papers” •Summary consensus report •Consistent with IPCC WGI ...
Role of winter temperature and climate change on the survival and
... infestations for 10 years or more without dying, and these infestations are not widespread. For example, HWA was first documented in Amherst, MA in 1995, yet as of 2006 the vast majority of hemlock trees in this town are still not infested (Elkinton, personal observation). Further, many towns in the ...
... infestations for 10 years or more without dying, and these infestations are not widespread. For example, HWA was first documented in Amherst, MA in 1995, yet as of 2006 the vast majority of hemlock trees in this town are still not infested (Elkinton, personal observation). Further, many towns in the ...
How Climate Change Uniquely Impacts the Physical, Social and
... All people in Canada will be affected to some extent by the impacts associated with climate change such as rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns and changes in other weather events (depending on the region). However, it is expected that First Nations will experience the impacts of c ...
... All people in Canada will be affected to some extent by the impacts associated with climate change such as rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns and changes in other weather events (depending on the region). However, it is expected that First Nations will experience the impacts of c ...
kg/ha/yr - Clinton Devon Estates
... land farmed, is more than offset by the annual sequestration effect of the Estates woodlands at about 6250 tonnes CO2 equivalent from about 1600 hectares of woodlands. This report shows that Clinton Devon Estates makes a net contribution to sequestering carbon, mainly in forests and forest soils. Th ...
... land farmed, is more than offset by the annual sequestration effect of the Estates woodlands at about 6250 tonnes CO2 equivalent from about 1600 hectares of woodlands. This report shows that Clinton Devon Estates makes a net contribution to sequestering carbon, mainly in forests and forest soils. Th ...
Adapting to Climate Change: Natural Resource Management and
... Today, there are two main disciplines concerned with human vulnerability to climate extremes – those of climate change and disaster management. In turn, these disciplines employ two distinct approaches to the issue of vulnerability. The climate change arena – broadly speaking, the United Nations Fra ...
... Today, there are two main disciplines concerned with human vulnerability to climate extremes – those of climate change and disaster management. In turn, these disciplines employ two distinct approaches to the issue of vulnerability. The climate change arena – broadly speaking, the United Nations Fra ...
Confronting Climate Change in the US Northeast
... Change in the U.S. Northeast.2 This report was the product of a collaborative research effort that drew on recent advances in climate modeling to assess how global warming may further affect the Northeast’s climate. Using projections from three state-ofthe-art global climate models, the report compa ...
... Change in the U.S. Northeast.2 This report was the product of a collaborative research effort that drew on recent advances in climate modeling to assess how global warming may further affect the Northeast’s climate. Using projections from three state-ofthe-art global climate models, the report compa ...
Challenges to adaptation - National Center for Atmospheric Research
... In Chapter 17 of AR4, Adger et al. (2007 p. 733) defined limits as “the conditions or factors that render adaptation ineffective.” They used the terms barriers and limits somewhat interchangeably, discussing physical, ecological, and technological limits alongside financial, informational, cognitive ...
... In Chapter 17 of AR4, Adger et al. (2007 p. 733) defined limits as “the conditions or factors that render adaptation ineffective.” They used the terms barriers and limits somewhat interchangeably, discussing physical, ecological, and technological limits alongside financial, informational, cognitive ...
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... will decrease by more than 10%, average yields will decrease between 5% and 10%, average yields will not increase or decrease by more than 5%, average yields will increase between 5% and 10%, and average yields will increase by more than 10%. An identical response format was used for the question on ...
... will decrease by more than 10%, average yields will decrease between 5% and 10%, average yields will not increase or decrease by more than 5%, average yields will increase between 5% and 10%, and average yields will increase by more than 10%. An identical response format was used for the question on ...
Climate change impacts on groundwater hydrology
... practical water management, where climate change adaptation decisions require more accuracy than often possible with today’s knowledge and modelling tools. Kundzewicz and Stakhiv (2010) argue that climate models, because of their large inherent uncertainties, are not ready for water resources manage ...
... practical water management, where climate change adaptation decisions require more accuracy than often possible with today’s knowledge and modelling tools. Kundzewicz and Stakhiv (2010) argue that climate models, because of their large inherent uncertainties, are not ready for water resources manage ...
Fritz Reusswig, Lutz Meyer-Ohlendorf Social Representation of
... In this report we underline the importance of studying the social representation of climate change for climate policy, especially in a democracy such as India. Social representations are, from a social science point of view, no epiphenomena of ‘real’ issues, but the very fabric of individual reality ...
... In this report we underline the importance of studying the social representation of climate change for climate policy, especially in a democracy such as India. Social representations are, from a social science point of view, no epiphenomena of ‘real’ issues, but the very fabric of individual reality ...
Pacific Climate Change Finance Assessment Framework (PCCFAF)
... what does and does not qualify as a ‘climate change’ activity or may have specific requirements relating to how alignment with this definition is demonstrated. The differentiation between mitigation activities and adaptation activities also impacts the way donors allocate and deliver resources. On t ...
... what does and does not qualify as a ‘climate change’ activity or may have specific requirements relating to how alignment with this definition is demonstrated. The differentiation between mitigation activities and adaptation activities also impacts the way donors allocate and deliver resources. On t ...
Regional Climate Change Curriculum Development ToT Report
... At the end of the training most team members uploaded their refined materials to Google Drive, though in most cases it was not possible to finish all refinement during the week of the training. Some team members continue to work on their materials and will provide them to U.S. co-lead Michael Furnis ...
... At the end of the training most team members uploaded their refined materials to Google Drive, though in most cases it was not possible to finish all refinement during the week of the training. Some team members continue to work on their materials and will provide them to U.S. co-lead Michael Furnis ...
IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON COFFEE PRODUCTION
... of climate variability on coffee production among smallholder farmers in highland zone of Kigoma district western part of Tanzania. Specifically, this study aimed at determining how climate variability affects coffee production and the strategies taken by farmers to cope with the problem. Also, this ...
... of climate variability on coffee production among smallholder farmers in highland zone of Kigoma district western part of Tanzania. Specifically, this study aimed at determining how climate variability affects coffee production and the strategies taken by farmers to cope with the problem. Also, this ...
fisheries management
... al. 1999), If the increasing trend in biomass is dependent upon the cooling trends in this offshore ecosystem, it is not likely to persist with ongoing climate warming, Thus, the institutional expectation of the SNPO's capacity to produce salmon that has developed during the last few decades may pr ...
... al. 1999), If the increasing trend in biomass is dependent upon the cooling trends in this offshore ecosystem, it is not likely to persist with ongoing climate warming, Thus, the institutional expectation of the SNPO's capacity to produce salmon that has developed during the last few decades may pr ...
The Changing Arctic Cryosphere and Likely Consequences: An
... has had an increased influence on autumn atmospheric temperature and wind fields and is consistent with increased cloudiness. A detectable feedback between sea-ice loss and Arctic air temperature has emerged since the publication of the ACIA report in 2005. Storm events and extreme high temperatures ...
... has had an increased influence on autumn atmospheric temperature and wind fields and is consistent with increased cloudiness. A detectable feedback between sea-ice loss and Arctic air temperature has emerged since the publication of the ACIA report in 2005. Storm events and extreme high temperatures ...
Institutional Arrangements for Adaptation Fund: World Bank
... • Climate change impacts on developing countries are expected to increase regardless of mitigation efforts • Demand for infrastructure and agricultural/water investments that further need to adapt to climate • Adaptation links global environment issues with local development paths • Development inve ...
... • Climate change impacts on developing countries are expected to increase regardless of mitigation efforts • Demand for infrastructure and agricultural/water investments that further need to adapt to climate • Adaptation links global environment issues with local development paths • Development inve ...
Climate Projections FAQ
... potential changes and prioritizing locations for adaptation actions. However, developing—or selecting from already-developed—climate projections involves many decisions. It requires transparent documentation of climate projection components, and clear communication of uncertainties, among other crit ...
... potential changes and prioritizing locations for adaptation actions. However, developing—or selecting from already-developed—climate projections involves many decisions. It requires transparent documentation of climate projection components, and clear communication of uncertainties, among other crit ...
2012 Gulf Coast Climate Change Survey
... 61 percent expressed at least some concern about changes to the local climate; 76 percent support local government action to address the effects of climate change. If local residents are concerned about climate change, it would be a mistake to characterize their opinions as overly alarmed. First, su ...
... 61 percent expressed at least some concern about changes to the local climate; 76 percent support local government action to address the effects of climate change. If local residents are concerned about climate change, it would be a mistake to characterize their opinions as overly alarmed. First, su ...
Climate projections FAQ - Eastern Forest Environmental Threat
... potential changes and prioritizing locations for adaptation actions. However, developing—or selecting from already-developed—climate projections involves many decisions. It requires transparent documentation of climate projection components, and clear communication of uncertainties, among other crit ...
... potential changes and prioritizing locations for adaptation actions. However, developing—or selecting from already-developed—climate projections involves many decisions. It requires transparent documentation of climate projection components, and clear communication of uncertainties, among other crit ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.