The problem of a national communication
... Information from initial national communications on vulnerability and adaptations assessment • Difficulties in applying the current methodologies • Limited information on extreme events and their relation to CC • Difficulties in dissociating impacts from CC and from climate variability • Limitation ...
... Information from initial national communications on vulnerability and adaptations assessment • Difficulties in applying the current methodologies • Limited information on extreme events and their relation to CC • Difficulties in dissociating impacts from CC and from climate variability • Limitation ...
Climate Change: Lessons for our Future from the Distant Past
... stresses a key attribute of the scientific process, namely that blockages and even previously undiscovered fraud are often relatively temporary, as the same human forces that create them also motivate others to overturn invalid claims. Research on climate change and the great extinctions of the past ...
... stresses a key attribute of the scientific process, namely that blockages and even previously undiscovered fraud are often relatively temporary, as the same human forces that create them also motivate others to overturn invalid claims. Research on climate change and the great extinctions of the past ...
On Flying to Ethics Conferences: Climate Change and
... drinking coffee, using a computer, taking a shower, flying to a conference, and so on. So I listed some categories—food, electricity, heating, consumption, and transportation—and tried to make changes in each category. I began with food. Livestock production is responsible for about 15–20 percent of ...
... drinking coffee, using a computer, taking a shower, flying to a conference, and so on. So I listed some categories—food, electricity, heating, consumption, and transportation—and tried to make changes in each category. I began with food. Livestock production is responsible for about 15–20 percent of ...
Document
... • Most but not all models find maximum effect during pollution episodes (up to 10 ppb) due to increased stagnation and higher temperatures. • Most models find significant effects in Northeast/ Midwest. • Many models disagree in Southeast partly due to different mechanisms for oxidation of biogenic i ...
... • Most but not all models find maximum effect during pollution episodes (up to 10 ppb) due to increased stagnation and higher temperatures. • Most models find significant effects in Northeast/ Midwest. • Many models disagree in Southeast partly due to different mechanisms for oxidation of biogenic i ...
LCCARL231_en.pdf
... Climate change is expected to result in negative impacts and, in this regard, the consequences of anticipated rising temperatures and sea levels as well as changes in precipitation that may result in flooding and/or drought are addressed. Mountainous regions at risk Global warming is likely to cause ...
... Climate change is expected to result in negative impacts and, in this regard, the consequences of anticipated rising temperatures and sea levels as well as changes in precipitation that may result in flooding and/or drought are addressed. Mountainous regions at risk Global warming is likely to cause ...
The change of the hydrological cycle under the influence of global
... Even in the early stage of warming (with a mean global temperature rise of 0.5°C), changes in the heat and moisture regime will lead to a decrease of annual river runoff within large areas of the northern hemisphere. In the USSR, the most drastic decrease of river runoff is expected in its European ...
... Even in the early stage of warming (with a mean global temperature rise of 0.5°C), changes in the heat and moisture regime will lead to a decrease of annual river runoff within large areas of the northern hemisphere. In the USSR, the most drastic decrease of river runoff is expected in its European ...
Climate Change: Causes, Effects, and Solutions
... questions on whether the problem is caused by human activities or it’s just a part of nature’s cycle. This paper discusses and compares the factors that contribute to climate change by humans and nature, some effects of climate change, and some solutions that have been developed to prevent or slow c ...
... questions on whether the problem is caused by human activities or it’s just a part of nature’s cycle. This paper discusses and compares the factors that contribute to climate change by humans and nature, some effects of climate change, and some solutions that have been developed to prevent or slow c ...
Climate Change: Causes, Effects, and Solutions
... questions on whether the problem is caused by human activities or it’s just a part of nature’s cycle. This paper discusses and compares the factors that contribute to climate change by humans and nature, some effects of climate change, and some solutions that have been developed to prevent or slow c ...
... questions on whether the problem is caused by human activities or it’s just a part of nature’s cycle. This paper discusses and compares the factors that contribute to climate change by humans and nature, some effects of climate change, and some solutions that have been developed to prevent or slow c ...
Climate Change as Threat Multiplier
... intrusion into coastal freshwater aquifers). Furthermore, this is not a distant risk. There is compelling evidence that certain regions of the world, such as Southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, are already experiencing a marked decrease in winter precipitation as a result of climate c ...
... intrusion into coastal freshwater aquifers). Furthermore, this is not a distant risk. There is compelling evidence that certain regions of the world, such as Southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, are already experiencing a marked decrease in winter precipitation as a result of climate c ...
Global Environmental Change Volume 42, Issue 1, January 2017 1
... to and trade of food commodities. Seafood is the most traded food commodity and is globally important to human nutrition. The seafood production and trade system is exposed to a variety of disruptions including fishery collapses, natural disasters, oil spills, policy changes, and aquaculture disease ...
... to and trade of food commodities. Seafood is the most traded food commodity and is globally important to human nutrition. The seafood production and trade system is exposed to a variety of disruptions including fishery collapses, natural disasters, oil spills, policy changes, and aquaculture disease ...
Generating possibility distributions of scenarios for regional climate
... • Scenarios are provocative and plausible accounts of how the future might unfold. • The purpose is not to identify the most likely future, but to create a map of uncertainty of the forces driving us toward the unknown future. • Scenarios help decision makers order and frame their thinking about the ...
... • Scenarios are provocative and plausible accounts of how the future might unfold. • The purpose is not to identify the most likely future, but to create a map of uncertainty of the forces driving us toward the unknown future. • Scenarios help decision makers order and frame their thinking about the ...
The Really InconvenIenT TRuTh oR “IT aIn`T
... The UK Government has put in place an extensive and ambitious set of measures as part of a programme to reduce CO2 by 80 percent from 1990 levels by 2050. This is a unilateral undertaking, enshrined in a legal duty by the Climate Change act 2008. This objective is based on the narrative created by t ...
... The UK Government has put in place an extensive and ambitious set of measures as part of a programme to reduce CO2 by 80 percent from 1990 levels by 2050. This is a unilateral undertaking, enshrined in a legal duty by the Climate Change act 2008. This objective is based on the narrative created by t ...
Impacts of climate warming on forests in Ontario
... middle of this century, surface warming will likely occur in the range of between 1.54.5"C, for a 2 x C 0 2 scenario. Global - mean precipitation increase (very probable): Increased heating of the Earth's surface will lead to faster recycling of water and thus greater global mean precipitation, alth ...
... middle of this century, surface warming will likely occur in the range of between 1.54.5"C, for a 2 x C 0 2 scenario. Global - mean precipitation increase (very probable): Increased heating of the Earth's surface will lead to faster recycling of water and thus greater global mean precipitation, alth ...
Dr Heleen de Coninck
... • Cost reduction of climate change stabilisation: 30% or more • Most scenario studies: role of CCS increases over the course of the century • Substantial application above CO2 price of 25-30 US$/tCO2 • 15 to 55% of the cumulative mitigation effort worldwide until 2100, depending on the baseline scen ...
... • Cost reduction of climate change stabilisation: 30% or more • Most scenario studies: role of CCS increases over the course of the century • Substantial application above CO2 price of 25-30 US$/tCO2 • 15 to 55% of the cumulative mitigation effort worldwide until 2100, depending on the baseline scen ...
Adaptation revision FINAL - WORD ver
... concentrations of nitrate (D) and phosphate (G). Current agricultural production shows a clear SouthNorth divide, with the lowlands in the south being significantly more profitable than the colder and wetter regions in Scotland and Wales. Our analytical results indicate that climate change will redu ...
... concentrations of nitrate (D) and phosphate (G). Current agricultural production shows a clear SouthNorth divide, with the lowlands in the south being significantly more profitable than the colder and wetter regions in Scotland and Wales. Our analytical results indicate that climate change will redu ...
Understanding and Applying the Science
... • From new estimates of the combined anthropogenic forcing due to greenhouse gases, aerosols and land surface changes, it is extremely likely (> 95% probability) that human activities have exerted a substantial net warming influence on climate since 1750. ...
... • From new estimates of the combined anthropogenic forcing due to greenhouse gases, aerosols and land surface changes, it is extremely likely (> 95% probability) that human activities have exerted a substantial net warming influence on climate since 1750. ...
Mountain weather and climate: A general overview and a focus on
... cloudiness and precipitation (both rain and snow) in coastal mountain ranges such as the Cascades or the New Zealand Alps limit the growth of certain species despite the milder overall temperatures. The timberline in continental regions is often located at higher elevations than in maritime zones, w ...
... cloudiness and precipitation (both rain and snow) in coastal mountain ranges such as the Cascades or the New Zealand Alps limit the growth of certain species despite the milder overall temperatures. The timberline in continental regions is often located at higher elevations than in maritime zones, w ...
Klimaschankungen seit 1700.
... great extent depends on the amount of water in the river bed which determines its depth. In those dry years around 1830 and 1860 shipping problems increased and soon a lot of speculation began about the possible cause of the lower river-water levels. In most cases the increasing practice of deforest ...
... great extent depends on the amount of water in the river bed which determines its depth. In those dry years around 1830 and 1860 shipping problems increased and soon a lot of speculation began about the possible cause of the lower river-water levels. In most cases the increasing practice of deforest ...
Chapter 10 Communication
... There is no right or wrong way to rank vulnerabilities. However, the process should be transparent, so readers of national communications can understand how the rankings were determined. An example of an approach is displayed in Table 10.2, which can be used for ranking current or future vulnerabili ...
... There is no right or wrong way to rank vulnerabilities. However, the process should be transparent, so readers of national communications can understand how the rankings were determined. An example of an approach is displayed in Table 10.2, which can be used for ranking current or future vulnerabili ...
Current and future climate of the Cook Islands
... is slightly larger than the global average of 2.8 – 3.6 mm per year. This higher rate of rise may be partly related to natural fluctuations that take place year to year or decade to decade caused by phenomena such as the El NiñoSouthern Oscillation. This variation in sea level can be seen in Figure ...
... is slightly larger than the global average of 2.8 – 3.6 mm per year. This higher rate of rise may be partly related to natural fluctuations that take place year to year or decade to decade caused by phenomena such as the El NiñoSouthern Oscillation. This variation in sea level can be seen in Figure ...
Towards Local Costing of Climate Change Impacts for Decision
... • Stakeholder role: scoping; data provision; method validation • Quantify current vulnerability – analogue data; mix of means and extremes • Impact projections to 2100 – 4 Down-scaled climate scenarios • (correspond to: A1F1, A2, B2 & B1 IPCC SRES) ...
... • Stakeholder role: scoping; data provision; method validation • Quantify current vulnerability – analogue data; mix of means and extremes • Impact projections to 2100 – 4 Down-scaled climate scenarios • (correspond to: A1F1, A2, B2 & B1 IPCC SRES) ...
Reviews of Books
... centuries” (442). In some cases, climatic factors contributed to such high mortality rates. A sixteenth-century megadrought, Brooke explains, stoked disease in Mexico that killed millions. For recent research on such epidemics, accounting for social as well as environmental factors, see, for example ...
... centuries” (442). In some cases, climatic factors contributed to such high mortality rates. A sixteenth-century megadrought, Brooke explains, stoked disease in Mexico that killed millions. For recent research on such epidemics, accounting for social as well as environmental factors, see, for example ...
2007 A R Message from the OCCI Director Terry Joyce
... into the model to determine its cientists at Woods Hole Ocean- the model’s accuracy. accuracy. Verifying the correctness ographic Institution have been Since one of WHOI’s greatest of such detailed simulations requires engaged in a large, multi-insti- strengths lies in its seagoing and the analysis ...
... into the model to determine its cientists at Woods Hole Ocean- the model’s accuracy. accuracy. Verifying the correctness ographic Institution have been Since one of WHOI’s greatest of such detailed simulations requires engaged in a large, multi-insti- strengths lies in its seagoing and the analysis ...
Introduction - San Jose State University
... B) How would this affect the presence of Northern Hemisphere glaciers (growing or decaying)? Assume growth is largely controlled by summer ...
... B) How would this affect the presence of Northern Hemisphere glaciers (growing or decaying)? Assume growth is largely controlled by summer ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.