Roger Jones - Climate sensitivity, coping ranges and risk
... Singular or unique event An event likely to occur once only. Probability refers to the chance of an event occurring, or to a particular state of that event when it occurs. Eg. Climate change, collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, hell freezing over ...
... Singular or unique event An event likely to occur once only. Probability refers to the chance of an event occurring, or to a particular state of that event when it occurs. Eg. Climate change, collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, hell freezing over ...
1a) What is climate change?
... Human - sourced emissions of these gases has led to their increased concentration in the atmosphere. This has led to the greenhouse effect becoming enhanced. With more thermal energy being absorbed there has been an increase in average global temperatures – a phenomenon known as global warming. The ...
... Human - sourced emissions of these gases has led to their increased concentration in the atmosphere. This has led to the greenhouse effect becoming enhanced. With more thermal energy being absorbed there has been an increase in average global temperatures – a phenomenon known as global warming. The ...
Writing Sample Kimiko Nygaard – Technical Narrative (5 pages, Appendix)
... impacts are observed can correspondingly aid in the design of the site-specific response measures that are most commensurate with local resources, needs, and priorities. Site-specific observations of climate change can enhance identification of both the abrupt and discreet impacts resulting from wea ...
... impacts are observed can correspondingly aid in the design of the site-specific response measures that are most commensurate with local resources, needs, and priorities. Site-specific observations of climate change can enhance identification of both the abrupt and discreet impacts resulting from wea ...
Be skeptical of Skeptic`s skepticism of skeptics
... Despite rapidly-increasing CO2 concentration, there has been no statisticallysignificant warming for a decade and a half. The post-1950 warming rate, as the least-squares trend on the Hadley/CRU surface temperature series (HadCRUt3, 2011), is just 1.2 K/century. Yet IPCC (2007, table SPM.3, taken wi ...
... Despite rapidly-increasing CO2 concentration, there has been no statisticallysignificant warming for a decade and a half. The post-1950 warming rate, as the least-squares trend on the Hadley/CRU surface temperature series (HadCRUt3, 2011), is just 1.2 K/century. Yet IPCC (2007, table SPM.3, taken wi ...
How is Defra Tackling Climate Change? - UK-Air
... The leading scientists in the world agree that the earth is getting warmer and that most of this warming is the result of human activities. The average global temperature has risen 0.7 degrees Celsius (°C) over the last 100 years. Gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and water vapour oc ...
... The leading scientists in the world agree that the earth is getting warmer and that most of this warming is the result of human activities. The average global temperature has risen 0.7 degrees Celsius (°C) over the last 100 years. Gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and water vapour oc ...
The Detrimental Effects of Climate Change on Polar Bear Populations
... Industrial Revolution has been a warming effect, driven primarily by emissions of carbon dioxide and enhanced by emissions of other greenhouse gases" (2012, para. 4). The Canadian government also believes that if we continue to produce consistent amounts of greenhouse gas, the planet may heat up to ...
... Industrial Revolution has been a warming effect, driven primarily by emissions of carbon dioxide and enhanced by emissions of other greenhouse gases" (2012, para. 4). The Canadian government also believes that if we continue to produce consistent amounts of greenhouse gas, the planet may heat up to ...
Economic Impacts of Climate Change on North Dakota
... Since the early 1990s, and especially during the 21st century, significant progress has been made in understanding the impacts of climate change at national, regional, and local scales. The Canadian and Hadley climate change models are cited most frequently and we look first to these, yet there are ...
... Since the early 1990s, and especially during the 21st century, significant progress has been made in understanding the impacts of climate change at national, regional, and local scales. The Canadian and Hadley climate change models are cited most frequently and we look first to these, yet there are ...
Why looking for global warming in the oceans is a...
... circulations than the atmosphere, my instinct is that we are not even close to being able to trust ocean models without long term validation data. There is so little understanding about how the ocean parses its response to forcings by 1) suppressing (local convective scale) deep water formation wher ...
... circulations than the atmosphere, my instinct is that we are not even close to being able to trust ocean models without long term validation data. There is so little understanding about how the ocean parses its response to forcings by 1) suppressing (local convective scale) deep water formation wher ...
Antarctic Climate Change Report Card
... (the World’s First High Seas Marine Protected Area) a Carbon Immobilization Hotspot? Global Change Biology 22 (3): 1110–20, doi:10.1111/gcb.13157. ...
... (the World’s First High Seas Marine Protected Area) a Carbon Immobilization Hotspot? Global Change Biology 22 (3): 1110–20, doi:10.1111/gcb.13157. ...
At the Frontlines of Climate Change—Oceans, Coasts, and Small
... communities in tropical and low-lying areas and small island developing States (SIDS). Recent observations indicate that climate change impacts on the ocean and associated systems far exceed the findings of the 2007 IPCC report, especially in the Arctic. Coastal communities are experiencing a variet ...
... communities in tropical and low-lying areas and small island developing States (SIDS). Recent observations indicate that climate change impacts on the ocean and associated systems far exceed the findings of the 2007 IPCC report, especially in the Arctic. Coastal communities are experiencing a variet ...
Paul Bullock, Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg,... A Closer Look at Weather Variability and Its Impact on...
... hemisphere, there has been a 2-4% increase in the frequency of heavy rainfall events since 1950 (Folland et al. 2001). However, the trend for extreme precipitation events is far from clear and appears to be quite inconsistent with different locations. For example Akinremi et al. (1999) found that fr ...
... hemisphere, there has been a 2-4% increase in the frequency of heavy rainfall events since 1950 (Folland et al. 2001). However, the trend for extreme precipitation events is far from clear and appears to be quite inconsistent with different locations. For example Akinremi et al. (1999) found that fr ...
section B - Middlebury College
... anxiety that Vermonters (across a range of populations) may be already feeling about climate change. Through both qualitative and quantitative approaches, assessing how peoples’ emotional/psychological connection with the natural world may be changing through either environmental degradation or disp ...
... anxiety that Vermonters (across a range of populations) may be already feeling about climate change. Through both qualitative and quantitative approaches, assessing how peoples’ emotional/psychological connection with the natural world may be changing through either environmental degradation or disp ...
Climate Change Information Fact Sheet SOUTHERN AFRICA
... to 2°C by midcentury under the B1 scenario and the A2 scenarios (compared to the 1961 to 1990 baseline), respectively. High rates of near-surface warming are projected for semi-arid regions in the southwestern subregion in the latter portion of this century under multiple scenarios. Projected increa ...
... to 2°C by midcentury under the B1 scenario and the A2 scenarios (compared to the 1961 to 1990 baseline), respectively. High rates of near-surface warming are projected for semi-arid regions in the southwestern subregion in the latter portion of this century under multiple scenarios. Projected increa ...
Biogeophysical impacts of land use on present
... porosity through the action of plant roots and soil organisms. In the standard HadAM3 con®guration, the land surface characteristics are speci®ed using the ACT land cover dataset. The surface ¯uxes of heat and moisture are simulated with the MOSES land surface scheme (Cox et al., 1999). This uses th ...
... porosity through the action of plant roots and soil organisms. In the standard HadAM3 con®guration, the land surface characteristics are speci®ed using the ACT land cover dataset. The surface ¯uxes of heat and moisture are simulated with the MOSES land surface scheme (Cox et al., 1999). This uses th ...
Adapting to our changing climate
... The Western Australian Government is committed to ensuring the future prosperity of our State, and minimising the effects that climate change will have on our environment, economy and community. Climate change is happening now and will continue to occur and affect Western Australia’s communities, in ...
... The Western Australian Government is committed to ensuring the future prosperity of our State, and minimising the effects that climate change will have on our environment, economy and community. Climate change is happening now and will continue to occur and affect Western Australia’s communities, in ...
Expert Judgment for Climate Change Adaptation
... 1. Introduction. It is now widely accepted that global warming is real and in large part due to human activities. 1 But the big picture of increasing global average temperature reveals few specifics about how climate change will impact human lives and natural ecosystems at a local scale. Regional cl ...
... 1. Introduction. It is now widely accepted that global warming is real and in large part due to human activities. 1 But the big picture of increasing global average temperature reveals few specifics about how climate change will impact human lives and natural ecosystems at a local scale. Regional cl ...
Barriers to Effective Climate Change Adaption
... The built environment, and all it contains, is integral to our survival on the planet: it accommodates and sustains individuals and families, economic activities, education and health services, and is repository of the nation’s cultural heritage. The average life expectancy of a house is about 60 - ...
... The built environment, and all it contains, is integral to our survival on the planet: it accommodates and sustains individuals and families, economic activities, education and health services, and is repository of the nation’s cultural heritage. The average life expectancy of a house is about 60 - ...
Climate change effects on Mount Kenya`s Glaciers
... Throughout the tropics, all the glaciers are receding. Whether the cause is decreased humidity or increased temperature, the results are the same. In the Andes precipitation has increased in the last hundred years, but the glaciers are still retreating. It seems that rising air temperature, not redu ...
... Throughout the tropics, all the glaciers are receding. Whether the cause is decreased humidity or increased temperature, the results are the same. In the Andes precipitation has increased in the last hundred years, but the glaciers are still retreating. It seems that rising air temperature, not redu ...
Current Extreme Weather and Climate Change
... changes in weather. Computer models of the climate that include both natural forces as well as human influences are consistent with observed global trends in heat waves, warm days and nights, and frost days over the last four decades.13 Human influence has also been shown to have contributed to the ...
... changes in weather. Computer models of the climate that include both natural forces as well as human influences are consistent with observed global trends in heat waves, warm days and nights, and frost days over the last four decades.13 Human influence has also been shown to have contributed to the ...
An Analysis of Radiative Equilibrium, Forcings, and Feedbacks
... climate changes which are large at the local or regional level but have little global impact, changes in the hydrologic cycle, and many aspects of aerosols (e.g., they can have a positive top‐of‐atmosphere RF but still cool the surface). Nevertheless, RF’s are a useful first‐order way to quantify ...
... climate changes which are large at the local or regional level but have little global impact, changes in the hydrologic cycle, and many aspects of aerosols (e.g., they can have a positive top‐of‐atmosphere RF but still cool the surface). Nevertheless, RF’s are a useful first‐order way to quantify ...
Future New Zealand - Groundwork Associates
... areas. Increased incidence of drought and possible increasing frequency of westerly winds will heighten the risk of fires in rural areas, particularly in areas prone to strong north-westerly conditions such as Canterbury. Intense rainfall It is likely that heavy rainfall events will occur more frequ ...
... areas. Increased incidence of drought and possible increasing frequency of westerly winds will heighten the risk of fires in rural areas, particularly in areas prone to strong north-westerly conditions such as Canterbury. Intense rainfall It is likely that heavy rainfall events will occur more frequ ...
The Psychology of Global Warming - American Meteorological Society
... his is an annotated list of reading we recommend. We begin with something roughly equivalent to the frequently asked questions from the IPCC. We move from this through accessible “popular science” books written by academics all of which are consistent with the psychological literature. Finally, we r ...
... his is an annotated list of reading we recommend. We begin with something roughly equivalent to the frequently asked questions from the IPCC. We move from this through accessible “popular science” books written by academics all of which are consistent with the psychological literature. Finally, we r ...
Title to be defined
... Considered sacred by many of the world’s religions, mountains are a home to approximately one tenth of the global human population. IUCN, 200623 After coasts and islands, mountains are the most important destinations for global tourism. About 15-20 per cent of the global tourism industry - US$ 70-90 ...
... Considered sacred by many of the world’s religions, mountains are a home to approximately one tenth of the global human population. IUCN, 200623 After coasts and islands, mountains are the most important destinations for global tourism. About 15-20 per cent of the global tourism industry - US$ 70-90 ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.