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... The theoretical framework of the TOA-MD model (Antle, 2011a) assumes that farmers, as economically rational people, choose from a set of farm systems that yield positive expected net returns. In this climate analysis, the economic outcomes associated with each of the two systems base system (system ...
... The theoretical framework of the TOA-MD model (Antle, 2011a) assumes that farmers, as economically rational people, choose from a set of farm systems that yield positive expected net returns. In this climate analysis, the economic outcomes associated with each of the two systems base system (system ...
Projected Changes of Palmer Drought Severity Index under an
... on the PDSI trends by computing the PDSI with all forcing except precipitation changes, i.e., monthly precipitation climatology was used for this dP=0 case. Note that in the real world, changes in precipitation are coupled to temperature changes. Both the dT=0 and dP=0 cases are used here only to es ...
... on the PDSI trends by computing the PDSI with all forcing except precipitation changes, i.e., monthly precipitation climatology was used for this dP=0 case. Note that in the real world, changes in precipitation are coupled to temperature changes. Both the dT=0 and dP=0 cases are used here only to es ...
Climate Change and Poverty Reduction
... which was approved in November 2004. The Action Plan lays out a menu of activities to assist European development agencies to integrate responses to climate change into their development programmes. Irish Aid is engaged in activities corresponding with the action plan, for example: > Support to the ...
... which was approved in November 2004. The Action Plan lays out a menu of activities to assist European development agencies to integrate responses to climate change into their development programmes. Irish Aid is engaged in activities corresponding with the action plan, for example: > Support to the ...
view presentation slides - Southeast Florida Regional Climate
... Supply insurers, financial institutions, and potential funders with the information required to unlock risk prevention funding and deepen global risk transfer markets ...
... Supply insurers, financial institutions, and potential funders with the information required to unlock risk prevention funding and deepen global risk transfer markets ...
JOHNSON et al 2003 River And Stream Ecosystems
... a general drying of watersheds especially during summer and autumn, due mainly to increased air temperatures and higher rates of evaporation during a longer ice-free period (Kling et al 2003). Past trends of longer ice-free periods, earlier spring flows, and increased frequency of mid-winter breakup ...
... a general drying of watersheds especially during summer and autumn, due mainly to increased air temperatures and higher rates of evaporation during a longer ice-free period (Kling et al 2003). Past trends of longer ice-free periods, earlier spring flows, and increased frequency of mid-winter breakup ...
CCSP Observations: Overview and Critical Issues
... To provide the national foundation for assessing in near real-time and on an ongoing basis the current state of the global Earth system. ...
... To provide the national foundation for assessing in near real-time and on an ongoing basis the current state of the global Earth system. ...
- Climatelinks
... Decrease in mean annual temperature by 0.89°C from 1901 to 2000. Increase in annual minimum temperatures of between 0.03 and 0.55°C per decade since the 1940s, depending on the weather station; extreme minimum temperatures have also shown significant increases, while extreme maximum temperatures ...
... Decrease in mean annual temperature by 0.89°C from 1901 to 2000. Increase in annual minimum temperatures of between 0.03 and 0.55°C per decade since the 1940s, depending on the weather station; extreme minimum temperatures have also shown significant increases, while extreme maximum temperatures ...
US Army Corps of Engineers Reservoir Operations
... States. Significant changes to reservoir inflows may lead to increased frequency of major floods as well as reservoir deficits in the traditional low-flow late summer period. Increased rainfall may have positive effects (reservoirs could store more water), but could also result in uncontrolled water ...
... States. Significant changes to reservoir inflows may lead to increased frequency of major floods as well as reservoir deficits in the traditional low-flow late summer period. Increased rainfall may have positive effects (reservoirs could store more water), but could also result in uncontrolled water ...
Climate remains an important driver of post
... 2 N . P E D E R S O N et al. lope with increasing temperature have in fact moved south during periods of warming, both recently and in the Holocene (Webb, 1986; Jackson & Overpeck, 2000; Crimmins et al., 2011; Harsch & Hille Ris Lambers, 2014). We argue here that moisture availability has strongly ...
... 2 N . P E D E R S O N et al. lope with increasing temperature have in fact moved south during periods of warming, both recently and in the Holocene (Webb, 1986; Jackson & Overpeck, 2000; Crimmins et al., 2011; Harsch & Hille Ris Lambers, 2014). We argue here that moisture availability has strongly ...
Extreme Events - International Research Institute for Climate and
... cycle over the contiguous United States: Trends derived from in situ observations. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5 (1): 64-85. Groisman, PY, WE Knight and TR Karl, 2001. Heavy precipitation and high streamflow in the contiguous United States: Trends in the twentieth century. Journal of Climate, 82 (2 ...
... cycle over the contiguous United States: Trends derived from in situ observations. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5 (1): 64-85. Groisman, PY, WE Knight and TR Karl, 2001. Heavy precipitation and high streamflow in the contiguous United States: Trends in the twentieth century. Journal of Climate, 82 (2 ...
Climate Change
... • How can the contributions that humans might be making to climate change be measured? • measure heat emissions • measure CO2 emissions • measure surface reflectivity (albedo) • use satellite imagery to monitor environmental change ...
... • How can the contributions that humans might be making to climate change be measured? • measure heat emissions • measure CO2 emissions • measure surface reflectivity (albedo) • use satellite imagery to monitor environmental change ...
Human population as a dynamic factor in environmental degradation
... that can be sustained in a region of intact habitat is a function of the area of that intact habitat; the other (based on loss of endemic species) is derived from the fact that the species that will go extinct when habitat is destroyed is determined by the number of species that were endemic to (liv ...
... that can be sustained in a region of intact habitat is a function of the area of that intact habitat; the other (based on loss of endemic species) is derived from the fact that the species that will go extinct when habitat is destroyed is determined by the number of species that were endemic to (liv ...
1.5 degrees - Environmental Change Institute
... last year caught the world by surprise. “Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C” represents a substantially more ambitious mitigation objective than many were expecting, and ...
... last year caught the world by surprise. “Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C” represents a substantially more ambitious mitigation objective than many were expecting, and ...
Newsletter number 3
... the number of bird species predicted to be present. Some planning units with a high coverage of CCRAs had high species richness whereas others had low species richness. The high species richness suggests that conserving these sites would protect a number of species in areas ...
... the number of bird species predicted to be present. Some planning units with a high coverage of CCRAs had high species richness whereas others had low species richness. The high species richness suggests that conserving these sites would protect a number of species in areas ...
A new feedback on climate change from the hydrological cycle
... is usually regarded as transient, unlike other processes called climate feedbacks, such as those involving water vapour, clouds and surface albedo [Soden and Held, 2006]. Ocean heat uptake retards global climate change, but if the forcing is stabilised and the system is allowed to approach a steady ...
... is usually regarded as transient, unlike other processes called climate feedbacks, such as those involving water vapour, clouds and surface albedo [Soden and Held, 2006]. Ocean heat uptake retards global climate change, but if the forcing is stabilised and the system is allowed to approach a steady ...
Climate Change Policy Summary
... (e.g. new tree species, forest carbon) are explored; Monitoring Performance: determine key indicators and conduct long-term monitoring for climate change actions taken, to assess whether or not they are resulting in positive change. All FLNRO regions and branches, including BCTS, will develop climat ...
... (e.g. new tree species, forest carbon) are explored; Monitoring Performance: determine key indicators and conduct long-term monitoring for climate change actions taken, to assess whether or not they are resulting in positive change. All FLNRO regions and branches, including BCTS, will develop climat ...
Gathering information about climate change
... Carbon dioxide is a _______________, which traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. This has always happened and helps to keep the Earth warm enough to __________ on. But we are now using more and more fossil fuel __________ to power machines in the factories that make all the new things we buy, for __ ...
... Carbon dioxide is a _______________, which traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. This has always happened and helps to keep the Earth warm enough to __________ on. But we are now using more and more fossil fuel __________ to power machines in the factories that make all the new things we buy, for __ ...
(Mahangu) crop
... km2 (UNAM, 2008). About 70% of Namibians are directly dependent on natural resources to sustain their daily lives: wood serves as building material, fuel and light, cattle is not only a source of meat, but also milk, drought power and dung for fertilization, the veld and forests of Namibia do not on ...
... km2 (UNAM, 2008). About 70% of Namibians are directly dependent on natural resources to sustain their daily lives: wood serves as building material, fuel and light, cattle is not only a source of meat, but also milk, drought power and dung for fertilization, the veld and forests of Namibia do not on ...
Climate Change Impact and Forced Migration
... Climate Change-induced Forced Displacement: consequence of global process not a local crisis Climate change will significantly affect migration in three distinct ways. First, the effects of warming and drying in some regions will reduce agriculture potentials and undermine ‘ecosystem services’ such ...
... Climate Change-induced Forced Displacement: consequence of global process not a local crisis Climate change will significantly affect migration in three distinct ways. First, the effects of warming and drying in some regions will reduce agriculture potentials and undermine ‘ecosystem services’ such ...
Adapting to Rising Sea Level: A Florida Perspective
... extreme weather due to climate change requires a new style of planning and management to protect resources and reduce risk to humans. Scientists must: (1) assess existing coastal vulnerability to address short term management issues and (2) model future landscape change and develop sustainable plans ...
... extreme weather due to climate change requires a new style of planning and management to protect resources and reduce risk to humans. Scientists must: (1) assess existing coastal vulnerability to address short term management issues and (2) model future landscape change and develop sustainable plans ...
First comprehensive review of the state of Antarctica`s climate
... winds (the polar vortex), have intensified and affected Antarctic weather patterns. Westerly winds over the Southern Ocean that surrounds Antarctica have increased by around 15%. The stronger winds have effectively isolated Antarctica from the warming elsewhere on the planet. As a result during the ...
... winds (the polar vortex), have intensified and affected Antarctic weather patterns. Westerly winds over the Southern Ocean that surrounds Antarctica have increased by around 15%. The stronger winds have effectively isolated Antarctica from the warming elsewhere on the planet. As a result during the ...
El Nino worst in over 15 years
... The UN meanwhile warned last week that El Nino could significantly increase the number of people going hungry, as countries like Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti are expected to see drier conditions, and others, including Kenya, Somalia and Uganda are at risk of floods. While El Nino will certa ...
... The UN meanwhile warned last week that El Nino could significantly increase the number of people going hungry, as countries like Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti are expected to see drier conditions, and others, including Kenya, Somalia and Uganda are at risk of floods. While El Nino will certa ...
2016 shattered Earth`s heat record
... What does the graphic show and how does it lead to the conclusion that 2016 broke the heat record? Possible student response: Blue areas indicate places where the average temperature in 2016 was cooler than the long-term average temperature (from 1891 to 2010), and red areas indicate places where th ...
... What does the graphic show and how does it lead to the conclusion that 2016 broke the heat record? Possible student response: Blue areas indicate places where the average temperature in 2016 was cooler than the long-term average temperature (from 1891 to 2010), and red areas indicate places where th ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.