Implications of Global Climate Change for Violence Developed and
... violent crime rates, in addition to heat effects. Other time-related routine activities, such as youth being out of school in the summer, cannot account for the heat effect found in Study 1 (Chicago), because that study included only the summer months. Similarly, routine activity theory cannot accou ...
... violent crime rates, in addition to heat effects. Other time-related routine activities, such as youth being out of school in the summer, cannot account for the heat effect found in Study 1 (Chicago), because that study included only the summer months. Similarly, routine activity theory cannot accou ...
Solving wicked social problems with socio
... Other fields in which modeling and simulation are heavily used for policy making have begun to develop systems that incorporate access to a model in order to eliminate this bottleneck (e.g. [9] [10]). Yet the field of integrated climate assessment models, the primary type of tool used to inform poli ...
... Other fields in which modeling and simulation are heavily used for policy making have begun to develop systems that incorporate access to a model in order to eliminate this bottleneck (e.g. [9] [10]). Yet the field of integrated climate assessment models, the primary type of tool used to inform poli ...
A Study of Prestige Newspapers from Different Continents
... ultimate success will depend on audience reception. With this stance, they suggest the need for humans to take a new and similar position in regard to the earth – no longer above it nor subservient to it but equal agents working in collaboration with it. Similarly, both play the role of seducer – fl ...
... ultimate success will depend on audience reception. With this stance, they suggest the need for humans to take a new and similar position in regard to the earth – no longer above it nor subservient to it but equal agents working in collaboration with it. Similarly, both play the role of seducer – fl ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Received 28 January 2009; revised 10 March 2009; accepted 19 March 2009; published 14 April 2009. ...
... Received 28 January 2009; revised 10 March 2009; accepted 19 March 2009; published 14 April 2009. ...
Climate Change Detection: The Importance of Homogenized Time
... • Before analyzing trends for climate change it is important first to do quality control and then to homogenized (find the break-points and correct the bias) the series. An inhomogenized time series can lead to wrong interpretation of the climate ...
... • Before analyzing trends for climate change it is important first to do quality control and then to homogenized (find the break-points and correct the bias) the series. An inhomogenized time series can lead to wrong interpretation of the climate ...
Arctic Environmental Challenges
... resources to fight the fire because the known risks for such a fire had not warranted the investments. This fire was not in the Arctic, but could have been. In fact, boreal forests have not burned at today’s high rates at least over the past 10,000 years, and climate change projections show that eve ...
... resources to fight the fire because the known risks for such a fire had not warranted the investments. This fire was not in the Arctic, but could have been. In fact, boreal forests have not burned at today’s high rates at least over the past 10,000 years, and climate change projections show that eve ...
particularly vulnerable
... The agronomic literature (which includes the agricultural components of the agronomic-economic approaches and the agroecological zone analyses) addresses adaptation by simulating changes in the growth parameters of various crops according to the latest scientific advances. This approach does not tak ...
... The agronomic literature (which includes the agricultural components of the agronomic-economic approaches and the agroecological zone analyses) addresses adaptation by simulating changes in the growth parameters of various crops according to the latest scientific advances. This approach does not tak ...
Synopsis of FEWS NET-related Climate Change and Food Security
... analysis suggested that a warming Indian Ocean was likely to produce increasing dryness in extremely vulnerable areas of eastern and southern Africa. These results were presented in an extensive Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) report (C4). This work was also published by the Royal Phi ...
... analysis suggested that a warming Indian Ocean was likely to produce increasing dryness in extremely vulnerable areas of eastern and southern Africa. These results were presented in an extensive Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) report (C4). This work was also published by the Royal Phi ...
The African contribution to the global climate
... and UNC (corrected by the effect of atmospheric CO2 difference between the two simulations), normalized by the surface temperature change between COU and UNC (see F06 and Friedlingstein et al., 2003 for details). In other words, γL describes the sensitivity of the land carbon cycle to warming. In IP ...
... and UNC (corrected by the effect of atmospheric CO2 difference between the two simulations), normalized by the surface temperature change between COU and UNC (see F06 and Friedlingstein et al., 2003 for details). In other words, γL describes the sensitivity of the land carbon cycle to warming. In IP ...
Report
... The Coastal State Climate Change Planning Act compels states to become proactive in preparing for the adverse consequences of climate change by competing for grants. Because adaptation plans are voluntary and not mandated by the federal government, states are given a high degree of flexibility in de ...
... The Coastal State Climate Change Planning Act compels states to become proactive in preparing for the adverse consequences of climate change by competing for grants. Because adaptation plans are voluntary and not mandated by the federal government, states are given a high degree of flexibility in de ...
CLIMATE CHANGE OBSERVATORY - International Polar Foundation
... Man will be explored, to explain the interactions between life, ecosystems and climate. The exhibition will take the visitor back 3 billion years, to when blue green algae modified atmospheric gas composition through photosynthesis, giving us the oxygen atmosphere we have today. An introduction to t ...
... Man will be explored, to explain the interactions between life, ecosystems and climate. The exhibition will take the visitor back 3 billion years, to when blue green algae modified atmospheric gas composition through photosynthesis, giving us the oxygen atmosphere we have today. An introduction to t ...
Glossary of Terms and Definitions on Climate Change and Adaptation
... consistent set of climatological relationships and assumptions of radiative forcing, typically constructed for explicit use as input to climate change impact models. ...
... consistent set of climatological relationships and assumptions of radiative forcing, typically constructed for explicit use as input to climate change impact models. ...
Chapter Overview Earth`s Climate System Earth`s Climate System
... Reducing Greenhouse Gases Ocean’s Role • Ocean’s biological ...
... Reducing Greenhouse Gases Ocean’s Role • Ocean’s biological ...
Biogeophysical versus biogeochemical feedbacks of large
... the difference in the albedo of snow-covered forest and snowcovered flat vegetation or polar desert. A decrease in forest cover enhances the albedo of the deforested region mainly in spring and early summer, thereby leading to a cooling. Cooling at high northern latitudes favors expansion of Arctic se ...
... the difference in the albedo of snow-covered forest and snowcovered flat vegetation or polar desert. A decrease in forest cover enhances the albedo of the deforested region mainly in spring and early summer, thereby leading to a cooling. Cooling at high northern latitudes favors expansion of Arctic se ...
Three views of two degrees - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact
... text that is legally binding: §2 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. That well-known paragraph states that the convention has the ‘‘ultimate objective to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system’’ (UNFCCC 1992, §2). The convention has been ratified by countr ...
... text that is legally binding: §2 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. That well-known paragraph states that the convention has the ‘‘ultimate objective to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system’’ (UNFCCC 1992, §2). The convention has been ratified by countr ...
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Read the Policy Brief [177KB PDF]
... small islands including Maldives and Mauritius, and large tracts of low-lying areas of countries like Bangladesh. It is very likely that the rate of increase of sea level rise will be faster in the 21st century compared to the modest increases seen so far (IPCC, 2013). Displacement of people could a ...
... small islands including Maldives and Mauritius, and large tracts of low-lying areas of countries like Bangladesh. It is very likely that the rate of increase of sea level rise will be faster in the 21st century compared to the modest increases seen so far (IPCC, 2013). Displacement of people could a ...
Climate projections for ecologists
... how plants and animals will respond to climate change, but few attempts have been made to interpret climate models for ecologists. The ambiguity and confusion that frequently surround climate projections have hampered ecologists’ efforts to effectively analyse and communicate the potential impacts o ...
... how plants and animals will respond to climate change, but few attempts have been made to interpret climate models for ecologists. The ambiguity and confusion that frequently surround climate projections have hampered ecologists’ efforts to effectively analyse and communicate the potential impacts o ...
Three Views of Two Degrees - Climate Emergency Institute
... the climatic effects of carbon dioxide should be kept within the normal range of long-term climatic variation. According to most sources the range of variation between distinct climatic regimes is in the order of 5°C, and at the present time the global climate is at the high end of this range. If th ...
... the climatic effects of carbon dioxide should be kept within the normal range of long-term climatic variation. According to most sources the range of variation between distinct climatic regimes is in the order of 5°C, and at the present time the global climate is at the high end of this range. If th ...
Peter Stott`s Presentation
... Rainfall patterns are projected to continue to change leading to more frequent droughts in some regions and more floods in others. ...
... Rainfall patterns are projected to continue to change leading to more frequent droughts in some regions and more floods in others. ...
Climate change scenario for Costa Rican montane forests
... Figure 3. Changes (A2 - Control) in the mean (Dm) and standard deviation (Ds) of PDFs along a transect across Costa Rica for elevation zones described in Figure 1. The top panel is for mean (tavg), minimum (tmin) and maximum (tmax) temperature and the bottom panel is for precipitation. agrees well w ...
... Figure 3. Changes (A2 - Control) in the mean (Dm) and standard deviation (Ds) of PDFs along a transect across Costa Rica for elevation zones described in Figure 1. The top panel is for mean (tavg), minimum (tmin) and maximum (tmax) temperature and the bottom panel is for precipitation. agrees well w ...
Reportforthe IADB(Draft)
... 1) Degradation of high value ecosystems: the ecosystems that are critical to El Salvador are the mangroves, gallery forests, biological corridors and wetlands, which are in an advanced degree of degradation. The recognition of the crucial role that the mangroves have, due to their multiple roles, is ...
... 1) Degradation of high value ecosystems: the ecosystems that are critical to El Salvador are the mangroves, gallery forests, biological corridors and wetlands, which are in an advanced degree of degradation. The recognition of the crucial role that the mangroves have, due to their multiple roles, is ...
PDF
... crop/region combination. However, in the current version of the paper we draw on the probability distributions associated with the earlier paper by Hertel, Lobell and Burke (2010). Those authors synthesized productivity shocks based on previous studies in the literature, generating a “most likely” o ...
... crop/region combination. However, in the current version of the paper we draw on the probability distributions associated with the earlier paper by Hertel, Lobell and Burke (2010). Those authors synthesized productivity shocks based on previous studies in the literature, generating a “most likely” o ...
Newsweek
... The road from Rio led to an international meeting in Kyoto, Japan, where more than 100 nations would negotiate a treaty on making Rio's voluntary—and largely ignored—greenhouse curbs mandatory. The coal and oil industries, worried that Kyoto could lead to binding greenhouse cuts that would imperil t ...
... The road from Rio led to an international meeting in Kyoto, Japan, where more than 100 nations would negotiate a treaty on making Rio's voluntary—and largely ignored—greenhouse curbs mandatory. The coal and oil industries, worried that Kyoto could lead to binding greenhouse cuts that would imperil t ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.