THE IMPORTANCE OF CLIMATE AND WEATHER FOR TOURISM
... they will experience the actual weather, which might deviate quite substantially from the average conditions. Hence, in the first place tourists and tourism businesses are likely to be affected by weather conditions, although in the long term these will follow systematic changes as projected under d ...
... they will experience the actual weather, which might deviate quite substantially from the average conditions. Hence, in the first place tourists and tourism businesses are likely to be affected by weather conditions, although in the long term these will follow systematic changes as projected under d ...
Cultural Dynamics of Climate Change and the Environment in
... thing”.2 As Obama began his second term in the most powerful office on planet Earth, by way of media reactions to the speech, an onlooking public citizenry saw ‘hope’ rise again for more comprehensive climate change engagement from the US. Indeed, all of this stands in stark contrast to President Ob ...
... thing”.2 As Obama began his second term in the most powerful office on planet Earth, by way of media reactions to the speech, an onlooking public citizenry saw ‘hope’ rise again for more comprehensive climate change engagement from the US. Indeed, all of this stands in stark contrast to President Ob ...
PNNL-director-vist - Civil, Environmental and Architectural
... based on current knowledge suggest ...
... based on current knowledge suggest ...
Dealing with the uncertainties of climate engineering
... (e) Polytely. As a deployment of stratospheric aerosols would have global effects, yet would involve regional variabilities, there would be winners and losers. Therefore, the goals and interests of other stakeholder groups and nations have to be considered in addition to the individual’s goal priori ...
... (e) Polytely. As a deployment of stratospheric aerosols would have global effects, yet would involve regional variabilities, there would be winners and losers. Therefore, the goals and interests of other stakeholder groups and nations have to be considered in addition to the individual’s goal priori ...
Adaptation and mitigation: trade-offs in substance and methods Richard S.J. Tol *
... distinguishes many forms of adaptation, including anticipatory and reactive adaptation6 and planned and autonomous adaptation, where planning is supposed to happen at the same level as the analysis (typically governments and multilateral organisations), while adaptation below the analysis level is t ...
... distinguishes many forms of adaptation, including anticipatory and reactive adaptation6 and planned and autonomous adaptation, where planning is supposed to happen at the same level as the analysis (typically governments and multilateral organisations), while adaptation below the analysis level is t ...
Changes in species` distributions during and after environmental
... Celsius (Solomon et al. 2007). With projections of climate, for a range of scenarios, to warm another 0.3–6.4 degrees by the end of this century (Solomon et al. 2007) it might be expected that the distributional ranges of organisms will shift, perhaps by considerable distances. These distributional ...
... Celsius (Solomon et al. 2007). With projections of climate, for a range of scenarios, to warm another 0.3–6.4 degrees by the end of this century (Solomon et al. 2007) it might be expected that the distributional ranges of organisms will shift, perhaps by considerable distances. These distributional ...
Changes in Water Use Under Regional Climate Change Scenarios
... The study resulted in several principal conclusions spanning across several topics that are important to evaluating the potential effects of climate change on water demand. The main conclusions can be summarized as follows: 1. Weather sensitive demands are prevalent and will be affected by climate c ...
... The study resulted in several principal conclusions spanning across several topics that are important to evaluating the potential effects of climate change on water demand. The main conclusions can be summarized as follows: 1. Weather sensitive demands are prevalent and will be affected by climate c ...
Climate Change and US Agriculture
... Precipitation anomalies, for example, may occur with regard to the timing, quantity, intensity, seasonal and spatial distribution, and, type (e.g., winter rain vs. snow). Greater temperature variations may be manifested, for example, in more prolonged heat waves and sharp transitions. Greater tempor ...
... Precipitation anomalies, for example, may occur with regard to the timing, quantity, intensity, seasonal and spatial distribution, and, type (e.g., winter rain vs. snow). Greater temperature variations may be manifested, for example, in more prolonged heat waves and sharp transitions. Greater tempor ...
Impacts of Chinese reactive nitrogen on climate change
... Nitrogen (N) must be transformed from its molecular form (N2) into other forms for ...
... Nitrogen (N) must be transformed from its molecular form (N2) into other forms for ...
Small Island States
... Almost without exception, small island states have been shown to be at great risk from projected impacts of climate change, particularly sea-level rise. The projected global rate of rise of 5 mm yr-1 (±2–9 mm yr-1 ) is two to four times greater than the rate experienced in the previous 100 years (IP ...
... Almost without exception, small island states have been shown to be at great risk from projected impacts of climate change, particularly sea-level rise. The projected global rate of rise of 5 mm yr-1 (±2–9 mm yr-1 ) is two to four times greater than the rate experienced in the previous 100 years (IP ...
i4332e11
... century is very likely (more than a 90% chance) due to observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations”, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007, WG1). ■ “There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by hum ...
... century is very likely (more than a 90% chance) due to observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations”, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007, WG1). ■ “There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by hum ...
Selected chapters: Observed climate changes in Croatia Climate
... been observed, mostly expressed during summer (-2.7% in 10 years), then in spring (-2.2% in 10 years) and winter (-1.8% in 10 years). On Dalmatian islands (Hvar) decrease in annual precipitation amounts is a result of decline in winter (-2.9% in 10 years) and spring (-2.0% in 10 years) precipitation ...
... been observed, mostly expressed during summer (-2.7% in 10 years), then in spring (-2.2% in 10 years) and winter (-1.8% in 10 years). On Dalmatian islands (Hvar) decrease in annual precipitation amounts is a result of decline in winter (-2.9% in 10 years) and spring (-2.0% in 10 years) precipitation ...
Marine Science - Climate
... sea ice in Polar Regions, and a rise in the sea level (IPCC, 2007). The accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere and associated climate changes is expected to cause ocean acidification and expansion of oligotrophic gyres (Doney et al., 2012). These physical and chemical changes are expected to result i ...
... sea ice in Polar Regions, and a rise in the sea level (IPCC, 2007). The accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere and associated climate changes is expected to cause ocean acidification and expansion of oligotrophic gyres (Doney et al., 2012). These physical and chemical changes are expected to result i ...
Climate change in Australia | Murray Basin cluster report
... periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble output. For each time period, the model spread can be attr ...
... periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble output. For each time period, the model spread can be attr ...
Word - Council of Europe
... biodiversity/ecosystems in climate change adaptation, and the role of biodiversity and ecosystems in climate change mitigation. Their current work includes a project on the impacts of climate change on Natura 2000 sites; work for the CBD AHTEG on Biodiversity and Climate Change, including scientific ...
... biodiversity/ecosystems in climate change adaptation, and the role of biodiversity and ecosystems in climate change mitigation. Their current work includes a project on the impacts of climate change on Natura 2000 sites; work for the CBD AHTEG on Biodiversity and Climate Change, including scientific ...
Marine Science
... sea ice in Polar Regions, and a rise in the sea level (IPCC, 2007). The accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere and associated climate changes is expected to cause ocean acidification and expansion of oligotrophic gyres (Doney et al., 2012). These physical and chemical changes are expected to result i ...
... sea ice in Polar Regions, and a rise in the sea level (IPCC, 2007). The accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere and associated climate changes is expected to cause ocean acidification and expansion of oligotrophic gyres (Doney et al., 2012). These physical and chemical changes are expected to result i ...
Climate change projections of precipitation and
... water quality is deteriorating, and water supply and irrigation services are often rationed – with consequences for human health, agricultural productivity, and the environment. According to Roudi-Fahimi and Kent (2007), the MENA region’s population stood at 432 million in 2007, and is projected to ...
... water quality is deteriorating, and water supply and irrigation services are often rationed – with consequences for human health, agricultural productivity, and the environment. According to Roudi-Fahimi and Kent (2007), the MENA region’s population stood at 432 million in 2007, and is projected to ...
Nonstate Actors in the Global Climate Regime
... Outside the energy field a similar diversity exists. Many insurers, faced with potentially crippling losses from climate-related storm damage, favor stronger, swifter action to dampen their risk. Hurricanes and other storms caused large losses to insurers in the early 1990s; insurers and reinsurers ...
... Outside the energy field a similar diversity exists. Many insurers, faced with potentially crippling losses from climate-related storm damage, favor stronger, swifter action to dampen their risk. Hurricanes and other storms caused large losses to insurers in the early 1990s; insurers and reinsurers ...
urbanization and climate change in small island developing states
... change, and continues by exploring how urban planning and design may be used as tools for action in addressing these critical issues. With urbanization and climate change continuing to be amongst the defining trends worldwide, including in Small Island States, SIDS require a range of partnerships on ...
... change, and continues by exploring how urban planning and design may be used as tools for action in addressing these critical issues. With urbanization and climate change continuing to be amongst the defining trends worldwide, including in Small Island States, SIDS require a range of partnerships on ...
Climate change and agriculture - NSW Department of Primary
... future economics of dairy production. These impacts will arise both through direct effects on the biology of forage species, through the availability of irrigation water on which the industry is critically dependent in most areas, and on the availability and price of grain which has now become an in ...
... future economics of dairy production. These impacts will arise both through direct effects on the biology of forage species, through the availability of irrigation water on which the industry is critically dependent in most areas, and on the availability and price of grain which has now become an in ...
Increase of extreme events in a warming world
... n is the number of previous data points in the series. Recent observational studies have shown that, for heat records, the stationarity assumption does not hold. For example, the observed number of heat records of mean monthly temperatures at stations around the world is significantly higher than th ...
... n is the number of previous data points in the series. Recent observational studies have shown that, for heat records, the stationarity assumption does not hold. For example, the observed number of heat records of mean monthly temperatures at stations around the world is significantly higher than th ...
Chapter 9 Major commercial risks
... to benchmarking. Another disadvantage is that localised and complex weather-patterns such as flash-flood, hail or drought are rarely considered. Furthermore, the majority of those maps are based on historical data – without anticipating future changes. So far only Munich Re provides a specific world ...
... to benchmarking. Another disadvantage is that localised and complex weather-patterns such as flash-flood, hail or drought are rarely considered. Furthermore, the majority of those maps are based on historical data – without anticipating future changes. So far only Munich Re provides a specific world ...
Arctic and Alpine Permafrost
... • There is some evidence that permafrost has been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of C ...
... • There is some evidence that permafrost has been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of C ...
Arctic and Alpine Permafrost
... • There is some evidence that permafrost has been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of C ...
... • There is some evidence that permafrost has been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of C ...
Lea - Harvard University
... The key scientific uncertainty in the global warming debate is the equilibrium climate sensitivity. Coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models predict a wide range of equilibrium climate sensitivities, with a consequently large spread of societal implications. Comparison of models with inst ...
... The key scientific uncertainty in the global warming debate is the equilibrium climate sensitivity. Coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models predict a wide range of equilibrium climate sensitivities, with a consequently large spread of societal implications. Comparison of models with inst ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.