Assessing intraplate earthquake hazards from satellite geopotential field observations
... basement rocks of northeastern Ohio (Wesson and Nicholson, 1986; Seeber and Armbruster, 1988). It occurred only a few days before the new Perry 1 nuclear power plant was to go on-line and generated ground accelerations that delayed the plant’s start-up for about a year. The crustal stress modeling i ...
... basement rocks of northeastern Ohio (Wesson and Nicholson, 1986; Seeber and Armbruster, 1988). It occurred only a few days before the new Perry 1 nuclear power plant was to go on-line and generated ground accelerations that delayed the plant’s start-up for about a year. The crustal stress modeling i ...
American Climate Prospectus - Goldman School of Public Policy
... Building on records of past weather patterns, probabilistic projections of future global temperature change, and the same suite of detailed global climate models (GCMs) that informed AR5 and the NCA, we explore a full range of potential changes in temperatures and precipitation at a daily, local lev ...
... Building on records of past weather patterns, probabilistic projections of future global temperature change, and the same suite of detailed global climate models (GCMs) that informed AR5 and the NCA, we explore a full range of potential changes in temperatures and precipitation at a daily, local lev ...
Biotic and Climatic Velocity Identify Contrasting Areas of
... Metrics that synthesize the complex effects of climate change are essential tools for mapping future threats to biodiversity. As climate shifts over the coming decades, such metrics can help us predict which species are likely to adapt in place to new climatic conditions, disperse and establish in a ...
... Metrics that synthesize the complex effects of climate change are essential tools for mapping future threats to biodiversity. As climate shifts over the coming decades, such metrics can help us predict which species are likely to adapt in place to new climatic conditions, disperse and establish in a ...
MNP rapport 500101002 Biomass energy strategies for
... report illustrates for the case of India the issues that should to be taken into account when evaluating the opportunities and risks that are related to the production of biomass for energy. After providing an overview of the status of biomass in India, the report addresses the multiple dividends an ...
... report illustrates for the case of India the issues that should to be taken into account when evaluating the opportunities and risks that are related to the production of biomass for energy. After providing an overview of the status of biomass in India, the report addresses the multiple dividends an ...
IFinland`s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change
... The Parliament’s reply to the National Climate Strategy submitted to the Parliament in March 2001 identified the need to draft a programme for adaptation to climate change. The preparation of the National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change was started in the latter part of 2003. The work was c ...
... The Parliament’s reply to the National Climate Strategy submitted to the Parliament in March 2001 identified the need to draft a programme for adaptation to climate change. The preparation of the National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change was started in the latter part of 2003. The work was c ...
Effects of Sea-Level Rise on Coral Reefs
... tendency. For example, increased CO2 led to greenhouse warming, which warmed the surface of the ocean, reduced the solubility of CO2, and further enhanced the warming, as would the blanket of water vapor resulting from evaporation on the warm sea surface. The warming would cause thermal expansion of ...
... tendency. For example, increased CO2 led to greenhouse warming, which warmed the surface of the ocean, reduced the solubility of CO2, and further enhanced the warming, as would the blanket of water vapor resulting from evaporation on the warm sea surface. The warming would cause thermal expansion of ...
Probability of radial anisotropy in the deep mantle Earth and
... waves, was included in the top 220 km of PREM, but there is no consensus whether anisotropy is present below that depth. Fundamental mode surface waves, for commonly used periods up to 200 s, are sensitive to structure in the first few hundred kilometers and therefore do not provide information on an ...
... waves, was included in the top 220 km of PREM, but there is no consensus whether anisotropy is present below that depth. Fundamental mode surface waves, for commonly used periods up to 200 s, are sensitive to structure in the first few hundred kilometers and therefore do not provide information on an ...
Changes in Sea Level
... present rates, the projections could be changed by –0.21 to +0.11 m. For an average AOGCM, the SRES scenarios give results which differ by 0.02 m or less for the first half of the 21st century. By 2100, they vary over a range amounting to about 50% of the central value. Beyond the 21st century, sea ...
... present rates, the projections could be changed by –0.21 to +0.11 m. For an average AOGCM, the SRES scenarios give results which differ by 0.02 m or less for the first half of the 21st century. By 2100, they vary over a range amounting to about 50% of the central value. Beyond the 21st century, sea ...
Extreme flood events in changing climate for a long-term
... of probability density functions (PDFs) of the yearly maximum river flow. The PDFs are usually constructed with three parametric distributions (e.g. Pearson’s III type) using the mean value, the coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness calculated from the observed time series with an ass ...
... of probability density functions (PDFs) of the yearly maximum river flow. The PDFs are usually constructed with three parametric distributions (e.g. Pearson’s III type) using the mean value, the coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness calculated from the observed time series with an ass ...
Asia Glacier Melt Project: Expert Summary of Science regarding
... the glacier is extending further down slope with time, this advance of the terminus will increase the glacier length and total area. Because glaciers move slowly, however, a significant time lag occurs between the changing climatic conditions and the resulting glacier advance or retreat. This respon ...
... the glacier is extending further down slope with time, this advance of the terminus will increase the glacier length and total area. Because glaciers move slowly, however, a significant time lag occurs between the changing climatic conditions and the resulting glacier advance or retreat. This respon ...
FIRST-ORDER DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 4 Do Not Cite
... dominate the threats to freshwater ecosystems and many terrestrial ecosystems, with climate change becoming an increasing stress later in the century. Climate change exacerbates the other threats. In some systems, such as high altitude and latitude freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems will with hig ...
... dominate the threats to freshwater ecosystems and many terrestrial ecosystems, with climate change becoming an increasing stress later in the century. Climate change exacerbates the other threats. In some systems, such as high altitude and latitude freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems will with hig ...
Volcanism in the Afar Rift sustained by decompression melting with
... from previous results, but also prolongs active volcanism past the influence of an active plume source. This model is supported by a number of other observations, for example, Africa has moved >500 km northwards in a hotspot reference frame, away from the location where the plume-related flood basal ...
... from previous results, but also prolongs active volcanism past the influence of an active plume source. This model is supported by a number of other observations, for example, Africa has moved >500 km northwards in a hotspot reference frame, away from the location where the plume-related flood basal ...
Spatial and temporal variability of surface water pCO2 and sampling
... biological processes (i.e. photosynthesis and respiration) and by upwelling of subsurface waters enriched in CO2 and nutrients. The pCO2 in surface ocean waters doubles for every 16oC temperature increase. For a parcel of seawater with constant chemical composition, pCO2 would increase by a factor ...
... biological processes (i.e. photosynthesis and respiration) and by upwelling of subsurface waters enriched in CO2 and nutrients. The pCO2 in surface ocean waters doubles for every 16oC temperature increase. For a parcel of seawater with constant chemical composition, pCO2 would increase by a factor ...
Indicators of the impact of Climate Change on Migratory Species
... indicators, there will always be a level of judgement required, and the choice of indicators selected may be, to some degree, a reflection of the knowledge of the experts present and certainly driven by our current understanding of climate change impacts. In terms of gaps in coverage, freshwater and ...
... indicators, there will always be a level of judgement required, and the choice of indicators selected may be, to some degree, a reflection of the knowledge of the experts present and certainly driven by our current understanding of climate change impacts. In terms of gaps in coverage, freshwater and ...
Climate System Response to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and
... producing many of the observed SH climate changes in recent decades. The confinement to essentially a single season is one of several ways in which stratospheric ozone forcing differs from that due to anthropogenic well-mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs; e.g. CO2 , CH4 and N2 O). Table 1 identifies some ...
... producing many of the observed SH climate changes in recent decades. The confinement to essentially a single season is one of several ways in which stratospheric ozone forcing differs from that due to anthropogenic well-mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs; e.g. CO2 , CH4 and N2 O). Table 1 identifies some ...
Seychelles National Climate Change Strategy
... interference with the functioning of the atmosphere is unequivocal. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that humans are responsible for the measured global warming which is causing the ice caps to melt, the oceans to warm hence affecting the climate around the planet. ...
... interference with the functioning of the atmosphere is unequivocal. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that humans are responsible for the measured global warming which is causing the ice caps to melt, the oceans to warm hence affecting the climate around the planet. ...
... Regarding Fluvià and Muga flows, a decrease in the annual average river flows was observed in the period 1971–2011. Recent marine data of the local sea level near Aiguamolls de l’Empordà showed an increase between 1990 and 2012. Furthermore, results of current available climate projections showed th ...
Learning to Live in a Changing Climate
... warming to “well below 2°C1” as agreed last year in the UNFCCC Paris agreement; and crucially also to create space for some increase in emissions from developing countries in order to support poverty reduction and address global inequality. Even with concerted action on mitigation, adapting to clima ...
... warming to “well below 2°C1” as agreed last year in the UNFCCC Paris agreement; and crucially also to create space for some increase in emissions from developing countries in order to support poverty reduction and address global inequality. Even with concerted action on mitigation, adapting to clima ...
Climate Factsheets - Public Interest Research Centre
... --Uneven distribution. There are more weather stations in densely populated areas. The Southern Ocean, Africa, Antarctica and the Arctic have relatively patchy coverage.31 We can’t change history, instantly move, or buy more weather stations to get better coverage. Attempts to deal with this problem ...
... --Uneven distribution. There are more weather stations in densely populated areas. The Southern Ocean, Africa, Antarctica and the Arctic have relatively patchy coverage.31 We can’t change history, instantly move, or buy more weather stations to get better coverage. Attempts to deal with this problem ...
Climate Change Impacts on New York Wine Grape Growing Regions
... thermal energy, such as increases in temperature and decreases in ice and snow, it can also result in indirect or cumulative effects, such as changes to the global water cycle, upon which ...
... thermal energy, such as increases in temperature and decreases in ice and snow, it can also result in indirect or cumulative effects, such as changes to the global water cycle, upon which ...
Taiga Cordillera Ecozone Evidence for key
... each terrestrial ecozone+ to present the ecozone+-specific evidence related to each of the 22 national key findings (the Evidence for Key Findings Summary Report Series). Together, the full complement of these products constitutes the 2010 Ecosystem Status and Trends Report (ESTR). This report, Taig ...
... each terrestrial ecozone+ to present the ecozone+-specific evidence related to each of the 22 national key findings (the Evidence for Key Findings Summary Report Series). Together, the full complement of these products constitutes the 2010 Ecosystem Status and Trends Report (ESTR). This report, Taig ...
James Croll in Context: The Encounter between Climate Dynamics
... the Earth's orbit, and extending them over the course of four million years (Figure 3), Croll proposed that this “eccentricity was sufficiently great to account for every extreme of climatic change evidenced by geology.”13 His theory of ice ages took into account both the precession of the equinoxes ...
... the Earth's orbit, and extending them over the course of four million years (Figure 3), Croll proposed that this “eccentricity was sufficiently great to account for every extreme of climatic change evidenced by geology.”13 His theory of ice ages took into account both the precession of the equinoxes ...
Seismic wave speed structure of the Ontong
... the Osbourn Trough separates the MP and HP, while spreading in the Ellice Basin separated the OJP and MP (Larson, 1997; Billen and Stock, 2000; Viso et al., 2005; Taylor, 2006). Nearby magnetic lineations (M0–M7) imply a half spreading rate of 7.7 cm/yr between 120–129 Ma (Larson, 1997). Korenaga (2 ...
... the Osbourn Trough separates the MP and HP, while spreading in the Ellice Basin separated the OJP and MP (Larson, 1997; Billen and Stock, 2000; Viso et al., 2005; Taylor, 2006). Nearby magnetic lineations (M0–M7) imply a half spreading rate of 7.7 cm/yr between 120–129 Ma (Larson, 1997). Korenaga (2 ...
Investigating Ion-transport and thermal safety in functional
... • Lignin has unexpected result in this data This work was part of the National Science Foundation REU Site: Advanced Functional Membranes at Clemson University. Support was provided by NSF under award EEC 1061524. ...
... • Lignin has unexpected result in this data This work was part of the National Science Foundation REU Site: Advanced Functional Membranes at Clemson University. Support was provided by NSF under award EEC 1061524. ...
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
The Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) is a research program of the World Climate Research Programme intended to observe, comprehend and model the Earth's water cycle. The experiment also observes how much energy the Earth receives, studies how much of that energy reaches surfaces of the Earth and how that energy is transformed. Sunlight's energy evaporates water to produce clouds and rain, and dries out land masses after rain. Rain that falls on land becomes the water budget which can be used by people for agricultural and other processes.GEWEX is a collaboration of researchers worldwide to find better ways of studying the water cycle and how it transforms energy through the atmosphere. If the Earth's climates were identical from year to year, then people could predict when, where and what crops to plant. However, instability created by solar variation, weather trends, and chaotic events create weather that is unpredictable on seasonal scales. Through weather patterns such as droughts and higher rainfall these cycles impact ecosystems and human activities. GEWEX is designed to collect a much greater amount of data, and see if better models of that data can forecast weather and climate change into the future.GEWEX is organized into several structures. As GEWEX was conceived projects were organized by participating factions, this task is now done by the International GEWEX Project Office (IGPO). IGPO oversees major initiatives and coordinates between national projects in an effort to bring about communication of researchers. IGPO claims to support communication exchange between 2000 scientist and is the instrument for publication of major reports. The Scientific Steering Group organizes the projects and assigns them to panels, which oversee progress and provide critique. The Coordinated Energy and Water Cycle Observations Project (CEOP) the 'Hydrology Project' is a major instrument in GEWEX. This panel includes geographic study areas such as the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas operated by NOAA, but also examines several types of climate zones (e.g. high altitude and semi-arid). Another panel, the GEWEX Radiation Panel oversees the coordinated use of satellites and ground based observation to better estimate energy and water fluxes. One recent result GEWEX's Radiation panel has assessed data on rainfall for the last 25 years and determined that that global rainfall is 2.61 mm/day with a small statistical variation. While the study period is short, after 25 years of measurement regional trends are beginning to appear. The GEWEX Modeling and Prediction Panel takes current models and analyzes the models when climate forcing phenomena occur (global warming as an example of a 'climate forcing' event). GEWEX is now the core project of WCRP.