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... analysis tends to indicate the desirability of less short-term emissions control. Torvanger (1997) shows that the effect depends on the nature of the risk (constant versus positively related to cumulative emissions). Kolstad's (1996) analysis includes Bayesian learning and costly commitment to capit ...
... analysis tends to indicate the desirability of less short-term emissions control. Torvanger (1997) shows that the effect depends on the nature of the risk (constant versus positively related to cumulative emissions). Kolstad's (1996) analysis includes Bayesian learning and costly commitment to capit ...
Building ecosystem resilience for climate change adaptation in the
... due to the region’s vast scale, extreme topography, ecological diversity and resulting complex climatic conditions, even high-resolution models have yet to yield reliable projections of climate change in the region.2 There is general agreement from regional studies that temperatures will continue to ...
... due to the region’s vast scale, extreme topography, ecological diversity and resulting complex climatic conditions, even high-resolution models have yet to yield reliable projections of climate change in the region.2 There is general agreement from regional studies that temperatures will continue to ...
Earth System interactions
... assessments of a wider range of environmental impacts of climate change. Representing processes with higher resolution will also reduce important uncertainties in climate change projections. To achieve this necessary progress on both complexity and resolution, we propose a strengthened collaboration ...
... assessments of a wider range of environmental impacts of climate change. Representing processes with higher resolution will also reduce important uncertainties in climate change projections. To achieve this necessary progress on both complexity and resolution, we propose a strengthened collaboration ...
the global warming- extreme weather link
... examined a suite of climate models and obtained a best estimate of 2.8°C, with a range of 1.7–4.4°C, for the mean temperature increase by the end of the twenty-first century. Many climate modellers now focus on the possible future warming of the climate for a doubling of carbon dioxide concentration ...
... examined a suite of climate models and obtained a best estimate of 2.8°C, with a range of 1.7–4.4°C, for the mean temperature increase by the end of the twenty-first century. Many climate modellers now focus on the possible future warming of the climate for a doubling of carbon dioxide concentration ...
Climate change and water in the UK – past
... most severe global impacts of anthropogenic climate change may be mediated by water (Stern, 2006) and that rivers may be among the ecosystems most sensitive to climate change (Kernan et al., 2010; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005; Ormerod, 2009). It is also ...
... most severe global impacts of anthropogenic climate change may be mediated by water (Stern, 2006) and that rivers may be among the ecosystems most sensitive to climate change (Kernan et al., 2010; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005; Ormerod, 2009). It is also ...
Heat stress and the fitness consequences of climate change for
... Past climate data for the late 20th century (1961–1990) were obtained from high-resolution (05°) spatially interpolated global monthly surface air temperatures from the University of Delaware Center for Climatic Research (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/ gridded/data.UDel_AirT_Precip.html). For f ...
... Past climate data for the late 20th century (1961–1990) were obtained from high-resolution (05°) spatially interpolated global monthly surface air temperatures from the University of Delaware Center for Climatic Research (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/ gridded/data.UDel_AirT_Precip.html). For f ...
Framing Climate: Implications for Local Government Policy
... over 35oC) (IPCC WGII 2007). European urban environments experienced significant impacts (more than 30,000 deaths and economic impacts of over US$13 billion dollars) from the heat wave of 2003 (Wolter et al 2005). Large amounts of impervious surfaces make urban environments efficient at retaining he ...
... over 35oC) (IPCC WGII 2007). European urban environments experienced significant impacts (more than 30,000 deaths and economic impacts of over US$13 billion dollars) from the heat wave of 2003 (Wolter et al 2005). Large amounts of impervious surfaces make urban environments efficient at retaining he ...
IFAD - unfccc
... – Switching to no-tillage or low-tillage techniques to preserve carbon stored in soil; – Reducing methane’s emissions from rice production through better tillage practices, water management and crop rotation; – Using more efficiently nitrogen fertilizer to reduce nitrous oxide; – Improving land ...
... – Switching to no-tillage or low-tillage techniques to preserve carbon stored in soil; – Reducing methane’s emissions from rice production through better tillage practices, water management and crop rotation; – Using more efficiently nitrogen fertilizer to reduce nitrous oxide; – Improving land ...
annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin
... situ network for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reached new highs in 2015, with CO2 at 400.0±0.1 ppm, CH4 at 1845±2 ppb(4) and N2O at 328.0±0.1 ppb. These values constitute, respectively, 144%, 256% and 121% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. It is predicted that 20 ...
... situ network for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reached new highs in 2015, with CO2 at 400.0±0.1 ppm, CH4 at 1845±2 ppb(4) and N2O at 328.0±0.1 ppb. These values constitute, respectively, 144%, 256% and 121% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. It is predicted that 20 ...
Evaluating Climate Visualization
... approach has to be taken by climate scientists regarding the selection of data, their visual representations and the creation of narratives. Information on climate change is of a particularly complex nature. Studies of causes, effects and means to take action include several interlinked areas of stu ...
... approach has to be taken by climate scientists regarding the selection of data, their visual representations and the creation of narratives. Information on climate change is of a particularly complex nature. Studies of causes, effects and means to take action include several interlinked areas of stu ...
Forging a More Effective Global Climate Treaty
... relatively high control costs and would hence wish to reduce their control efforts (Hockenstein, Stavins, and Whitehead 1997). An undisputed attraction — in theory — of an international trading approach is that the equilibrium allocation of permits, the market-determined permit price, and the aggreg ...
... relatively high control costs and would hence wish to reduce their control efforts (Hockenstein, Stavins, and Whitehead 1997). An undisputed attraction — in theory — of an international trading approach is that the equilibrium allocation of permits, the market-determined permit price, and the aggreg ...
Article - Cerfacs
... probably the most worrying, occur during summer, with for example a decrease in precipitation larger than 20% in ensemble mean over France, at the end of the 21st century using a moderate emission scenario [Christensen et al., 2007]. This decrease in precipitation is accompanied by a large increase ...
... probably the most worrying, occur during summer, with for example a decrease in precipitation larger than 20% in ensemble mean over France, at the end of the 21st century using a moderate emission scenario [Christensen et al., 2007]. This decrease in precipitation is accompanied by a large increase ...
Presentation Slides - Association for the Advancement of
... Introduction to most widely-recognized science-based information sources on climate change and impacts. o U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), U.S. National Academies, NASA, NOAA, the most recent AMS/NOAA State of the Climate reports, and the Au ...
... Introduction to most widely-recognized science-based information sources on climate change and impacts. o U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), U.S. National Academies, NASA, NOAA, the most recent AMS/NOAA State of the Climate reports, and the Au ...
15A.3 THE IMPACT OF FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE ON
... was run on an actual geophysical domain without land (TC initially centered within the domain at 13°N) and with full model physics. The SST remained constant during the model integrations. A total of 78 model simulations were performed with 6-km grid spacing, while 6 additional experiments were per ...
... was run on an actual geophysical domain without land (TC initially centered within the domain at 13°N) and with full model physics. The SST remained constant during the model integrations. A total of 78 model simulations were performed with 6-km grid spacing, while 6 additional experiments were per ...
Who Pays for Climate Change? U.S. Taxpayers Outspend Private Insurers NRDC
... crop insurance, and forest firefighting represent a major expenditure in U.S. federal budgets, reaching an all-time high of $96 billion in 2012. Increases in these costs due to climate change not only damage the economy and heighten uncertainty with respect to investment, but they also crowd out spe ...
... crop insurance, and forest firefighting represent a major expenditure in U.S. federal budgets, reaching an all-time high of $96 billion in 2012. Increases in these costs due to climate change not only damage the economy and heighten uncertainty with respect to investment, but they also crowd out spe ...
Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services
... services they have been one of the most altered ecosystem types on earth. Humans have optimized the capture of provisioning services of riparian systems—water, energy, transportation, and food, and given less attention to other ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, temperature regulation, ...
... services they have been one of the most altered ecosystem types on earth. Humans have optimized the capture of provisioning services of riparian systems—water, energy, transportation, and food, and given less attention to other ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, temperature regulation, ...
Climate Change Justice
... of people now and countless number of people in the future.1 Although the effects of climate change are likely to appear as the result of natural processes and disasters – and even though it may be difficult, for the time being at least even impossible, to distinguish them from natural misfortunes – ...
... of people now and countless number of people in the future.1 Although the effects of climate change are likely to appear as the result of natural processes and disasters – and even though it may be difficult, for the time being at least even impossible, to distinguish them from natural misfortunes – ...
DAY 1 - UAF SNAP
... The first planning step is to select drivers with high impact and high uncertainty. It is also important to consider whether drivers have a wide range of effects, impacts in all parks, and impact multiple sectors. Drivers can be more general (e.g. temperature change) or more specific (e.g. water tem ...
... The first planning step is to select drivers with high impact and high uncertainty. It is also important to consider whether drivers have a wide range of effects, impacts in all parks, and impact multiple sectors. Drivers can be more general (e.g. temperature change) or more specific (e.g. water tem ...
2015 NGPR Leadership Symposium
... transport processes and radiocarbon production on gas Oregon State University records from polar firn and ice University of Copenhagen (Denmark) Webpage: http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/buizert/ My research interests are paleoclimate, ice cores, abrupt climate change, atmospheric trace gas reco ...
... transport processes and radiocarbon production on gas Oregon State University records from polar firn and ice University of Copenhagen (Denmark) Webpage: http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/profile/buizert/ My research interests are paleoclimate, ice cores, abrupt climate change, atmospheric trace gas reco ...
Climate Change Full English.qxd
... atmosphere over the last 100 years have resulted in an increase of average global temperatures by approximately 0.5 degrees centigrade ( oC); this increasing temperature is referred to as “global warming”. In some parts of Canada the rise in temperature over the last century has been approximately 1 ...
... atmosphere over the last 100 years have resulted in an increase of average global temperatures by approximately 0.5 degrees centigrade ( oC); this increasing temperature is referred to as “global warming”. In some parts of Canada the rise in temperature over the last century has been approximately 1 ...
Appendix 19 - The Work of Malcolm Roberts
... 5. The Earth is a blackbody. ie, Earth is a perfect absorber and emitter of energy; 6. Energy interchange in climate is entirely by radiation; 7. Conduction, convection and latent heat do not occur; 8. Air movements, wind, rain, storms and hurricanes are virtually ignored. They’re too small to fit i ...
... 5. The Earth is a blackbody. ie, Earth is a perfect absorber and emitter of energy; 6. Energy interchange in climate is entirely by radiation; 7. Conduction, convection and latent heat do not occur; 8. Air movements, wind, rain, storms and hurricanes are virtually ignored. They’re too small to fit i ...
This article appeared in a journal published by - CREAF
... The method has the advantage that unintended edge effects and artefacts were small as documented by measurements of curtain movement, temperatures, precipitation and water input to the plots, radiation balance during campaigns, relative humidity and wind speed (Beier et al., 2004). Light conditions ...
... The method has the advantage that unintended edge effects and artefacts were small as documented by measurements of curtain movement, temperatures, precipitation and water input to the plots, radiation balance during campaigns, relative humidity and wind speed (Beier et al., 2004). Light conditions ...