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... consequences are quantified. Moreover, the role of parameterizations can be studied describing sub-grid-scale processes (see below): for example, investigations using alternative parameterizations characterizing the same single process help to assess uncertainties and how these affect the whole syst ...
... consequences are quantified. Moreover, the role of parameterizations can be studied describing sub-grid-scale processes (see below): for example, investigations using alternative parameterizations characterizing the same single process help to assess uncertainties and how these affect the whole syst ...
The importance of ENSO phase during volcanic eruptions
... Pacific after an eruption, the dominating processes, and the scalability of these with eruption strength. In any case, the El Niño events following El Chichon and Pinatubo were already underway before the time of the eruption [Self et al., 1997]. Fully coupled simulations and paleoclimate records sug ...
... Pacific after an eruption, the dominating processes, and the scalability of these with eruption strength. In any case, the El Niño events following El Chichon and Pinatubo were already underway before the time of the eruption [Self et al., 1997]. Fully coupled simulations and paleoclimate records sug ...
Impact of Climate Change on the Poor in Bolivia
... security. “Bolivians do considerably better in hot areas than in cold areas, even when controlling for other factors such as education attainment and urbanization levels. Inhabitants in the hottest regions are able to consume almost twice as much as inhabitants in the coldest regions.” 16 On the fac ...
... security. “Bolivians do considerably better in hot areas than in cold areas, even when controlling for other factors such as education attainment and urbanization levels. Inhabitants in the hottest regions are able to consume almost twice as much as inhabitants in the coldest regions.” 16 On the fac ...
IPCC reasons for concern regarding climate change risks
... and likelihood of extremes of temperature and precipitation. The choice is subjective due to the paucity of literature projecting the impacts of changes in heat extremes. By about 2035 (during which time the increase in model-averaged and scenario-averaged GMT remains below ~1.6 °C), 25–30% of daily ...
... and likelihood of extremes of temperature and precipitation. The choice is subjective due to the paucity of literature projecting the impacts of changes in heat extremes. By about 2035 (during which time the increase in model-averaged and scenario-averaged GMT remains below ~1.6 °C), 25–30% of daily ...
CCWG - Vietnam Climate Finance Options
... climate occurs because of internal changes within the climate system or in the interaction between its components, or because of changes in external forcing either for natural reasons or because of human activities. It is generally not possible clearly to make attribution between these causes. Proje ...
... climate occurs because of internal changes within the climate system or in the interaction between its components, or because of changes in external forcing either for natural reasons or because of human activities. It is generally not possible clearly to make attribution between these causes. Proje ...
Calculating the global
... can be used to estimate the potential future impacts of emissions of different gases upon the climate system in a relative sense. GWP is based on a number of factors, including the radiative efficiency (infrared-absorbing ability) of each gas relative to that of carbon dioxide, as well as the decay ...
... can be used to estimate the potential future impacts of emissions of different gases upon the climate system in a relative sense. GWP is based on a number of factors, including the radiative efficiency (infrared-absorbing ability) of each gas relative to that of carbon dioxide, as well as the decay ...
Contributions of past and present human generations to committed
... attempt to examine the range of forcing agents that are believed to be contributing to climate change in this article, nor do we examine how feedbacks influence the climate changes caused by forcing. The purpose of this article is to probe in a qualitative fashion the nature and scope of the warming ...
... attempt to examine the range of forcing agents that are believed to be contributing to climate change in this article, nor do we examine how feedbacks influence the climate changes caused by forcing. The purpose of this article is to probe in a qualitative fashion the nature and scope of the warming ...
Indigenous knowledge about climate change
... the dryland farmers’ perceptions about climate change, its impacts and indigenous adaptation measures they pursue. From the analysis of data collected from 200 dryland farmers of Villupuram and Virudhunagar districts in Tamil Nadu, it was found that 81 % of farmers experienced climate change in term ...
... the dryland farmers’ perceptions about climate change, its impacts and indigenous adaptation measures they pursue. From the analysis of data collected from 200 dryland farmers of Villupuram and Virudhunagar districts in Tamil Nadu, it was found that 81 % of farmers experienced climate change in term ...
Apocalypse Nicked! - Geoengineering Governance Research
... environmental changes would not be smooth, gradual events, but sudden “sharp jumps” (Broeker 1987:123). Since then, warnings of abrupt, nonlinear climate change have been repeated by environmental campaigners and scientists (e.g. Mastrandrea and Schneider 2001; Alley et al. 2005) Abrupt, non-linear ...
... environmental changes would not be smooth, gradual events, but sudden “sharp jumps” (Broeker 1987:123). Since then, warnings of abrupt, nonlinear climate change have been repeated by environmental campaigners and scientists (e.g. Mastrandrea and Schneider 2001; Alley et al. 2005) Abrupt, non-linear ...
noaa climate program
... expense of established successful programs was questioned. Is the present approach undermining the base? This all depends on whether or not the future requested increases are actually realized. Recent history and the present Federal deficit would suggest that the requested increases will be ha ...
... expense of established successful programs was questioned. Is the present approach undermining the base? This all depends on whether or not the future requested increases are actually realized. Recent history and the present Federal deficit would suggest that the requested increases will be ha ...
Report
... between upstream and downstream communities or between agricultural, industrial and municipal users, will increase in areas where precipitation declines. Two major goals of ecosystem management are improving the resistance and resilience of natural systems to climate changes. Resistance is the ecosy ...
... between upstream and downstream communities or between agricultural, industrial and municipal users, will increase in areas where precipitation declines. Two major goals of ecosystem management are improving the resistance and resilience of natural systems to climate changes. Resistance is the ecosy ...
An assessment of the foundational assumptions in high-resolution climate projections: the case of UKCP09
... 3. The Architecture of UKCP09 These projections are generated with a method involving both global climate models and elaborate post-processing techniques, where ‘post-processing’ here refers to operations carried out on model-outputs with the aim of transforming bare simulation results into probabil ...
... 3. The Architecture of UKCP09 These projections are generated with a method involving both global climate models and elaborate post-processing techniques, where ‘post-processing’ here refers to operations carried out on model-outputs with the aim of transforming bare simulation results into probabil ...
Towards threshold-based management of freshwater ecosystems in
... stakeholders are those based on measurable control variables that have a straightforward link to an ecosystem response (Table 1). The easier the climate control variable is to quantify, as well as its effect on ecosystem services, the more practical it is to implement policy and effective monitoring ...
... stakeholders are those based on measurable control variables that have a straightforward link to an ecosystem response (Table 1). The easier the climate control variable is to quantify, as well as its effect on ecosystem services, the more practical it is to implement policy and effective monitoring ...
Local Adaptation Plan of Action District Multan
... 127,821 acres of land in the district causing loss of billions of rupees to farmers with cotton cultivators suffering the most. The last four years of continuous flooding has had a long-term bearing on the farmers’ ability to produce food. The roots of hunger lie in inadequate access and control ove ...
... 127,821 acres of land in the district causing loss of billions of rupees to farmers with cotton cultivators suffering the most. The last four years of continuous flooding has had a long-term bearing on the farmers’ ability to produce food. The roots of hunger lie in inadequate access and control ove ...
ocean climate change, phytoplankton community
... used here to include both anthropogenic climate change as well as the large-scale decadal oceanographic patterns such as the ENSO, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and NAO. This use is in contrast to ‘‘weather,’’ which occurs over short timescales of days to weeks (cf. Moore et al. 2008b). The eart ...
... used here to include both anthropogenic climate change as well as the large-scale decadal oceanographic patterns such as the ENSO, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and NAO. This use is in contrast to ‘‘weather,’’ which occurs over short timescales of days to weeks (cf. Moore et al. 2008b). The eart ...
A strategic approach to adaptation in Europe (628 kB) (opens in new window)
... highlight areas of likely risk, establish priority responses and set the principles of good adaptation. To make headway on a more strategic approach to adaptation it is worth remembering what basic welfare economics teaches us on issues such as risk management, project appraisal, market failures and ...
... highlight areas of likely risk, establish priority responses and set the principles of good adaptation. To make headway on a more strategic approach to adaptation it is worth remembering what basic welfare economics teaches us on issues such as risk management, project appraisal, market failures and ...
Chapter 4 Climate change and its implications for catastrophe
... Catastrophe modelling originated from spatial modelling in the 1970s. Insurance companies developed so-called “deterministic loss models” to determine the losses associated with particular events, e.g. to test worst-case scenarios for a portfolio or simulate the losses expected if a particular histo ...
... Catastrophe modelling originated from spatial modelling in the 1970s. Insurance companies developed so-called “deterministic loss models” to determine the losses associated with particular events, e.g. to test worst-case scenarios for a portfolio or simulate the losses expected if a particular histo ...
The Influence of Climate Change on Global Crop Productivity
... The main question of interest here is the following: how important will climate change and CO2 be in shaping future crop yields at the global scale, relative to the many other factors that influence productivity? This question helps to set the challenge of climate adaptation in context. We are less c ...
... The main question of interest here is the following: how important will climate change and CO2 be in shaping future crop yields at the global scale, relative to the many other factors that influence productivity? This question helps to set the challenge of climate adaptation in context. We are less c ...
resPoNse oF alPINe PlaNt CoMMUNItY to sIMUlateD ClIMate
... of studies involving the tundra have implications in other terrestrial ecosystems (Br uelheide 2003). Results from previous studies vary depending on the research sites or simulative methods, so that the direction and amplitude of plant response at individual, community, and ecosystem levels in the ...
... of studies involving the tundra have implications in other terrestrial ecosystems (Br uelheide 2003). Results from previous studies vary depending on the research sites or simulative methods, so that the direction and amplitude of plant response at individual, community, and ecosystem levels in the ...
GLOBAL WARMING - Galileo Movement
... No global consensus of scientists supporting CAGW has ever been established. And neither would it matter if it were established unless of course science now operates according to popularity contests. Claims of a consensus are repeatedly made by those on one side of the debate, apparently to justify ...
... No global consensus of scientists supporting CAGW has ever been established. And neither would it matter if it were established unless of course science now operates according to popularity contests. Claims of a consensus are repeatedly made by those on one side of the debate, apparently to justify ...
climate change and the conservation value of range
... respond to various aspects of climate change (e.g., changes in means vs. variation of climate variables) will greatly improve our ability to predict species’ persistence under climate change. At the individual species level, when equilibrium climatic conditions are experienced, climate is commonly ...
... respond to various aspects of climate change (e.g., changes in means vs. variation of climate variables) will greatly improve our ability to predict species’ persistence under climate change. At the individual species level, when equilibrium climatic conditions are experienced, climate is commonly ...
