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Paleoecology
Paleoecology

... – Exceptions: oysters, mussels, snails, some crustaceans ...
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CHAPTER 3

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Genetics: The Science of Heredity

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... shales and to analyse them for major ions and isotope ratios have been developed over the last decade. Sophisticated techniques are needed to obtain the full pore-water composition, while simple crush/leach tests and other laboratory protocols provide information on conservative chemical constituent ...
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Soil salinity control



Soil salinity control relates to controlling the problem of soil salinity and reclaiming salinized agricultural land.The aim of soil salinity control is to prevent soil degradation by salination and reclaim already salty (saline) soils. Soil reclamation is also called soil improvement, rehabilitation, remediation, recuperation, or amelioration.The primary man-made cause of salinization is irrigation. River water or groundwater used in irrigation contains salts, which remain behind in the soil after the water has evaporated.The primary method of controlling soil salinity is to permit 10-20% of the irrigation water to leach the soil, be drained and discharged through an appropriate drainage system. The salt concentration of the drainage water is normally 5 to 10 times higher than that of the irrigation water, thus salt export matches salt import and it will not accumulate.
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