The terrestrial carbon cycle on the regional and global scale
... increased from about 190-280 ppm in pre-industrial times up to about 380 ppm today (Denman et al., 2007). The increase comes primarily from fossil fuel burning for energy generation, industrial processes such as cement production, and land-use changes such as deforestation. Substantial reductions in ...
... increased from about 190-280 ppm in pre-industrial times up to about 380 ppm today (Denman et al., 2007). The increase comes primarily from fossil fuel burning for energy generation, industrial processes such as cement production, and land-use changes such as deforestation. Substantial reductions in ...
1202_355422 - Applied Ecology and Environmental Research
... distribution shifts are species-specific just as they were during past climate changes (Davis, 1989; Graham, 1992; Webb, 1992). As their dispersal rate also differs, different species will not face the same risks due to climate change (Morin et al., 2008; He et al., 2003). Changes in plant community ...
... distribution shifts are species-specific just as they were during past climate changes (Davis, 1989; Graham, 1992; Webb, 1992). As their dispersal rate also differs, different species will not face the same risks due to climate change (Morin et al., 2008; He et al., 2003). Changes in plant community ...
Conservation Handbook for the Gopher Tortoise in Georgia
... and limiting human activity is usually not enough. On the contrary, many species, such as the gopher tortoise, require active management, such as thinning operations or the use of prescribed fire, or their habitat will degrade until it no longer supports them. ...
... and limiting human activity is usually not enough. On the contrary, many species, such as the gopher tortoise, require active management, such as thinning operations or the use of prescribed fire, or their habitat will degrade until it no longer supports them. ...
The Ecosystem - State of the Tropics
... ranging from 180 to 300 parts per million (ppm) (Petit et al. 1999). However, since industrialisation atmospheric CO2 emissions have increased from around 285 ppm in 1750 (Forster et al. 2007) to 394 ppm in 2010 (NOAA 2013). Critically, the rate of increase during this period has been much greater t ...
... ranging from 180 to 300 parts per million (ppm) (Petit et al. 1999). However, since industrialisation atmospheric CO2 emissions have increased from around 285 ppm in 1750 (Forster et al. 2007) to 394 ppm in 2010 (NOAA 2013). Critically, the rate of increase during this period has been much greater t ...
Predicting the Long-Term Effects of Hunting on Plant Species
... in turn. The most fundamental effect of dispersal is reduction in kin competition, yet this role is often overlooked by tropical ecologists (Howe & Smallwood 1982). Even if per-seed survival or recruitment success is no different under parents than elsewhere, a species or genotype that disperses wil ...
... in turn. The most fundamental effect of dispersal is reduction in kin competition, yet this role is often overlooked by tropical ecologists (Howe & Smallwood 1982). Even if per-seed survival or recruitment success is no different under parents than elsewhere, a species or genotype that disperses wil ...
Setting Broad, Ecologically Based Guidance Using Landtype Associations
... clearing, sedimentation, storm water, sewage and agricultural runoff. Urbanization of the floodplain is also a significant impact. ∗ Large alluvial plains in the Till Plains ecological section historically supported extensive bottomland prairie and marsh communities that are very rare today. WRP and ...
... clearing, sedimentation, storm water, sewage and agricultural runoff. Urbanization of the floodplain is also a significant impact. ∗ Large alluvial plains in the Till Plains ecological section historically supported extensive bottomland prairie and marsh communities that are very rare today. WRP and ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... most valuable ash lumber species, frequently grows in mixed-species stands with other upland hardwoods and is a major component of at least 26 forest cover types (Burns and Honkala 1990). Green ash is the most widely distributed ash species in the United States and often dominates the overstory on h ...
... most valuable ash lumber species, frequently grows in mixed-species stands with other upland hardwoods and is a major component of at least 26 forest cover types (Burns and Honkala 1990). Green ash is the most widely distributed ash species in the United States and often dominates the overstory on h ...
ExamView - ch 4 practice test.tst
... 2. Explain the difference between the terms habitat and niche. 3. Trees with deep root systems are able to withstand stronger winds than those with shallow roots. Explain why trees in the tundra are not able to take advantage of a deep root system? 4. If there is a climate change, most plants and an ...
... 2. Explain the difference between the terms habitat and niche. 3. Trees with deep root systems are able to withstand stronger winds than those with shallow roots. Explain why trees in the tundra are not able to take advantage of a deep root system? 4. If there is a climate change, most plants and an ...
Ecology and Behaviour of Indian Peafowl ( Pavo cristatus) in
... Around cultivated areas, peafowl feed on a wide range of crops such as groundnut, tomato, paddy, chilly and even bananas (Johnsingh and Murali, 1978) [13]. In the countryside, it is particularly partial to crops and garden plants. In India, it is given the utmost protection by its inclusion in the S ...
... Around cultivated areas, peafowl feed on a wide range of crops such as groundnut, tomato, paddy, chilly and even bananas (Johnsingh and Murali, 1978) [13]. In the countryside, it is particularly partial to crops and garden plants. In India, it is given the utmost protection by its inclusion in the S ...
NATURAL HISTORY AND CONSERVATION OF THE EYELASH
... daytime perches, and consumes diurnally- and nocturnally-active prey. An ability to consume prey during both night and day increases the importance of the role of B. schlegelii as a predator of small vertebrates. The final section of my thesis examines the response of Bothriechis schlegelii to anthr ...
... daytime perches, and consumes diurnally- and nocturnally-active prey. An ability to consume prey during both night and day increases the importance of the role of B. schlegelii as a predator of small vertebrates. The final section of my thesis examines the response of Bothriechis schlegelii to anthr ...
Seedling emergence, growth, and allocation of Oriental bittersweet
... populations can establish that may grow slowly but respond rapidly to release by canopy opening (Greenberg et al., 2001). Conversely, if seeds remain viable in the soil, they can accumulate into a seed bank that is capable of response to soil disturbance (Paynter et al., 1998). In this case, surviva ...
... populations can establish that may grow slowly but respond rapidly to release by canopy opening (Greenberg et al., 2001). Conversely, if seeds remain viable in the soil, they can accumulate into a seed bank that is capable of response to soil disturbance (Paynter et al., 1998). In this case, surviva ...
INFORMING THE RESTORATION OF PIEDMONT SAVANNA USING
... forestland in 1983 with the stipulation that it be used for the purpose of forest demonstration. The overall management objective for the Mary Olive Thomas Demonstration Forest (MOT) is to develop and maintain the property to show landowners forest and wildlife management practices that could enhanc ...
... forestland in 1983 with the stipulation that it be used for the purpose of forest demonstration. The overall management objective for the Mary Olive Thomas Demonstration Forest (MOT) is to develop and maintain the property to show landowners forest and wildlife management practices that could enhanc ...
Assessing the Impacts of Land Cover Change on
... temperature and the hydrological cycle through changes in soil and atmospheric moisture, and have increased the aridity in all the examined ecosystems. The thesis highlights the importance of considering the influence of land use and land cover on the mean and extreme climate through changes in biop ...
... temperature and the hydrological cycle through changes in soil and atmospheric moisture, and have increased the aridity in all the examined ecosystems. The thesis highlights the importance of considering the influence of land use and land cover on the mean and extreme climate through changes in biop ...
Insect population dynamics meets ecosystem ecology: effects of
... example, defoliation by the fall cankerworm in the southern Appalachians in the U.S. results in marked changes in nutrient cycling and export of nitrate in forest streams (Swank et al., 1981). Defoliation is followed by an increase in primary productivity, increases in litterfall, increases in nutri ...
... example, defoliation by the fall cankerworm in the southern Appalachians in the U.S. results in marked changes in nutrient cycling and export of nitrate in forest streams (Swank et al., 1981). Defoliation is followed by an increase in primary productivity, increases in litterfall, increases in nutri ...
Hixon Forest Comprehensive Plan
... developed. One of the major issues came up following a 2003 forest assessment conducted within Hixon Forest for the Hixon Forest Nature Center (HFNC). While the survey proved valuable in identifying the tree composition within the forest, it also brought up the question of how this resource should b ...
... developed. One of the major issues came up following a 2003 forest assessment conducted within Hixon Forest for the Hixon Forest Nature Center (HFNC). While the survey proved valuable in identifying the tree composition within the forest, it also brought up the question of how this resource should b ...
Rain Forest in the City: Bukit Timah Nature Reserve Singapore
... 343 hectares, 52 hectares, much of it probably forested, were transferred to the control of the Municipality in 1909 as part of an expanded water catchment area to the east and north-east of Bukit Timah. Small areas were also taken out for granite quarries, for realignment of the railway and for a r ...
... 343 hectares, 52 hectares, much of it probably forested, were transferred to the control of the Municipality in 1909 as part of an expanded water catchment area to the east and north-east of Bukit Timah. Small areas were also taken out for granite quarries, for realignment of the railway and for a r ...
The Dodo and the Tambalacoque Tree: An Obligate Mutualism
... tambalacoque stones can withstand 4-5 times the force required to crush almonds (Temple 1977, Jackson et al. 1988). The fruit matures over an extended period (18 ...
... tambalacoque stones can withstand 4-5 times the force required to crush almonds (Temple 1977, Jackson et al. 1988). The fruit matures over an extended period (18 ...
Chipmunk, Peñasco least
... is loss of one of its preferred habitats: mature ponderosa pine forest. This threat is exacerbated by habitat alteration due to livestock grazing and fire suppression, competition with the sympatric gray-footed chipmunk (Tamias canipes), and potential effects of climate change. The chipmunk was veri ...
... is loss of one of its preferred habitats: mature ponderosa pine forest. This threat is exacerbated by habitat alteration due to livestock grazing and fire suppression, competition with the sympatric gray-footed chipmunk (Tamias canipes), and potential effects of climate change. The chipmunk was veri ...
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... science especially the field of biology (Fig. 1.1). The figure compares with a cake of science which relating to organism or biology. When we cross-section or cut a cake into two pieces: basic division layers and taxonomic division slices, the pieces of a cake in horizonal are divided into various s ...
... science especially the field of biology (Fig. 1.1). The figure compares with a cake of science which relating to organism or biology. When we cross-section or cut a cake into two pieces: basic division layers and taxonomic division slices, the pieces of a cake in horizonal are divided into various s ...
Draft Findings of the Ad Hoc Technical expert group
... because of the wide range of ecosystem services they provide that are essential for human wellbeing. ...
... because of the wide range of ecosystem services they provide that are essential for human wellbeing. ...
Biome Project - Alexis Bialek Portfolio
... eggs and sometimes not all their eggs survive. Variation- Long body so they could reach for food. Selection- The ones with long beak could not survive because they could not fit the whole fruit in their mouth. Adaptation- So since the short beak one did not survive, the long beak ones were able to s ...
... eggs and sometimes not all their eggs survive. Variation- Long body so they could reach for food. Selection- The ones with long beak could not survive because they could not fit the whole fruit in their mouth. Adaptation- So since the short beak one did not survive, the long beak ones were able to s ...
pptx
... leads to the hypothesis that evolutionary abilities of the entire group of organisms in the community is responsible for the structure and properties of the plants in the community, especially at the microstructure level…” (Janzen 1996) ...
... leads to the hypothesis that evolutionary abilities of the entire group of organisms in the community is responsible for the structure and properties of the plants in the community, especially at the microstructure level…” (Janzen 1996) ...
Prey Consumption of Insectivorous Bats in Coniferous Forests of
... Idaho Department of Public Lands. This variation in land stewards has been associated with different objectives and methods for land management; regardless, much of the land is intensively managed for timber production. Forests owned and managed by Potlatch Timber Company and the U. S. Forest Servic ...
... Idaho Department of Public Lands. This variation in land stewards has been associated with different objectives and methods for land management; regardless, much of the land is intensively managed for timber production. Forests owned and managed by Potlatch Timber Company and the U. S. Forest Servic ...
Drivers of CO2 Emission Rates from Dead Wood Logs of 13 Tree
... selected fungal species that analyzed the relationship between fungal diversity and decomposition rate of soil organic matter found a saturation of this process at rather low levels of fungal species diversity [27]. In another experiment with dead wood, it was shown that the fungal diversity-decompo ...
... selected fungal species that analyzed the relationship between fungal diversity and decomposition rate of soil organic matter found a saturation of this process at rather low levels of fungal species diversity [27]. In another experiment with dead wood, it was shown that the fungal diversity-decompo ...
3.5 Mangroves
... (>56 % of the year) have a negative effect on the trees, as they are sensitive to prolonged inundation caused by higher water levels. The black mangrove is more tolerant of basal inundation than the other species, occurring in estuaries that are more frequently closed to the sea. ...
... (>56 % of the year) have a negative effect on the trees, as they are sensitive to prolonged inundation caused by higher water levels. The black mangrove is more tolerant of basal inundation than the other species, occurring in estuaries that are more frequently closed to the sea. ...
Reforestation
Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation.Reforestation can be used to improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and harvest for resources, particularly timber.The term reforestation is similar to afforestation, the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise removed at some point in the past. Sometimes the term re-afforestation is used to distinguish between the original forest cover and the later re-growth of forest to an area. Special tools, e.g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster.