Interhemispheric Temperature Asymmetry over the
... played important roles in abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period (Chiang 2009) and glacial–interglacial cycles (Toggweiler and Lea 2010). In the twentieth century, hemispheric differences in sea surface temperature (SST) have been shown to be important for tropical rainfall and the Ha ...
... played important roles in abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period (Chiang 2009) and glacial–interglacial cycles (Toggweiler and Lea 2010). In the twentieth century, hemispheric differences in sea surface temperature (SST) have been shown to be important for tropical rainfall and the Ha ...
Maldives Climate Change Policy Framework
... beaches and human settlements. They include construction of poorly designed coastal infrastructure, poorly engineered coastal protection measures, removal of coastal vegetation, and sand mining. ...
... beaches and human settlements. They include construction of poorly designed coastal infrastructure, poorly engineered coastal protection measures, removal of coastal vegetation, and sand mining. ...
ALAP_2014_FINAL120 - Asociación Latinoamericana de
... The SSP Scenario Framework and what it implies for Latin America and the Caribbean As discussed by Arnell et al. (2011) the SSPs were designed to include both a qualitative narrative component and a quantitative one describing the development of certain socioeconomic drivers of climate change numer ...
... The SSP Scenario Framework and what it implies for Latin America and the Caribbean As discussed by Arnell et al. (2011) the SSPs were designed to include both a qualitative narrative component and a quantitative one describing the development of certain socioeconomic drivers of climate change numer ...
Vegetation and Biogeochemical Scenarios (Chapter 2) from the
... focused on in this chapter. These scenarios for vegetation and biogeochemical change can serve as background for analyses of changes to fauna and biological diversity by contributing broad-scale information on habitat changes. VEMAP II is an international,collaborative effort supported by several US ...
... focused on in this chapter. These scenarios for vegetation and biogeochemical change can serve as background for analyses of changes to fauna and biological diversity by contributing broad-scale information on habitat changes. VEMAP II is an international,collaborative effort supported by several US ...
Chapter 6 Climate Science and Politics in the United States
... In the early 1970s, two important scientific working groups, the Study of Critical Environmental Problems (SCEP) and the Study of Man’s Impact on Climate (SMIC) underscored climate change concerns (Study of Critical Environmental Problems 1970; Study of Man's Impact on Climate 1971). The entrepreneu ...
... In the early 1970s, two important scientific working groups, the Study of Critical Environmental Problems (SCEP) and the Study of Man’s Impact on Climate (SMIC) underscored climate change concerns (Study of Critical Environmental Problems 1970; Study of Man's Impact on Climate 1971). The entrepreneu ...
State/Territory Government Department
... manage their land for conservation in line with international guidelines, so that its plants, animals and cultural sites are protected for the benefit of all Australians. Indigenous emissions trading element On 5 October 2007, The Australian Government announced a commitment to provide $10 million o ...
... manage their land for conservation in line with international guidelines, so that its plants, animals and cultural sites are protected for the benefit of all Australians. Indigenous emissions trading element On 5 October 2007, The Australian Government announced a commitment to provide $10 million o ...
Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
... is amplified through a series of positive climate feedbacks (e.g., water vapor and sea ice); best estimates of projected global mean surface temperature increase over the twenty-first-century range from approximately 1.8◦ C to 4.0◦ C, depending on emission scenario (Solomon et al. 2007). Fossilfuel CO ...
... is amplified through a series of positive climate feedbacks (e.g., water vapor and sea ice); best estimates of projected global mean surface temperature increase over the twenty-first-century range from approximately 1.8◦ C to 4.0◦ C, depending on emission scenario (Solomon et al. 2007). Fossilfuel CO ...
DRACULA AND THE ECO WARRIOR Teacher`s Notes Synopsis 1
... money - he will invest in Ecotown if only he can frack for oil and gas under his own properties. She agrees, she is changing. Mina is in hospital after being hurt in the tanker wreck, Harker appears but is mad, a servant now of Dracula and obsessed with eating flies. Mina is shocked but survives his ...
... money - he will invest in Ecotown if only he can frack for oil and gas under his own properties. She agrees, she is changing. Mina is in hospital after being hurt in the tanker wreck, Harker appears but is mad, a servant now of Dracula and obsessed with eating flies. Mina is shocked but survives his ...
Tales of future weather
... external forcing or realistically simulated internal variability3,13. Processes which are not simulated ...
... external forcing or realistically simulated internal variability3,13. Processes which are not simulated ...
Product User Guide Version 4 (PUGv4) for the XCO2 - GHG-CCI
... column-averaged mole fractions (mixing ratios) of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), denoted XCO2 (in ppmv) and XCH4 (in ppbv) generated from SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT and TANSO-FTS onboard GOSAT. Typically, we have generated the same product (e.g., XCO2 from GOSAT) using different retrieval algorit ...
... column-averaged mole fractions (mixing ratios) of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), denoted XCO2 (in ppmv) and XCH4 (in ppbv) generated from SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT and TANSO-FTS onboard GOSAT. Typically, we have generated the same product (e.g., XCO2 from GOSAT) using different retrieval algorit ...
Dynamic modeling of adaptation indicators related to climate
... the other hand, the usage of this level is justified by theory, as local and sub-national processes are largely influenced by national policies and target values (Adger et al., 2004). Therefore, even though the effects themselves are specific to their location, the higher spatial levels ought not to ...
... the other hand, the usage of this level is justified by theory, as local and sub-national processes are largely influenced by national policies and target values (Adger et al., 2004). Therefore, even though the effects themselves are specific to their location, the higher spatial levels ought not to ...
Cities and Climate Change Initiative - UN
... these global challenges. There are no one-size fit all solutions and each local authority will have to assess its own risks and vulnerability and plan accordingly, whether in coping with rising sea levels, cyclones, droughts, flooding, environmental refugees, in addition to already existing problems. ...
... these global challenges. There are no one-size fit all solutions and each local authority will have to assess its own risks and vulnerability and plan accordingly, whether in coping with rising sea levels, cyclones, droughts, flooding, environmental refugees, in addition to already existing problems. ...
PDF
... rate of r, the discount factor is 1/(1+r)n. With a varying discount rate, rt in year t, the discount factor is the product of all the individual year factors 1/(1+ rt). In the NordhausBoyer base case the discount factor is .16 in 2045 and .03 in 2095. That is, in the conversion to present value, fut ...
... rate of r, the discount factor is 1/(1+r)n. With a varying discount rate, rt in year t, the discount factor is the product of all the individual year factors 1/(1+ rt). In the NordhausBoyer base case the discount factor is .16 in 2045 and .03 in 2095. That is, in the conversion to present value, fut ...
Download country chapter
... package created a carbon pricing mechanism that began in July 2012, with the price to be paid by the largest business emitters fixed for the first three years before moving to a floating price ETS. Ongoing issues related to the carbon pricing mechanism included the potential effects on emissions-int ...
... package created a carbon pricing mechanism that began in July 2012, with the price to be paid by the largest business emitters fixed for the first three years before moving to a floating price ETS. Ongoing issues related to the carbon pricing mechanism included the potential effects on emissions-int ...
ch18_Active PRS_3e
... Do you think Arctic-living people deserve some sort of compensation from developed nations whose emissions have caused climate change and negatively affected Arctic-living people? a) Yes, because their way of life is being destroyed b) Yes, but compensation should be in the form of helping them move ...
... Do you think Arctic-living people deserve some sort of compensation from developed nations whose emissions have caused climate change and negatively affected Arctic-living people? a) Yes, because their way of life is being destroyed b) Yes, but compensation should be in the form of helping them move ...
THE CROPWAT ANALYSIS OF THREE DISTRICTS IN EGYPT
... could play. The project has been implemented in 11 countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Niger and Senegal in west Africa; Egypt in north Africa; Ethiopia and Kenya in east Africa and South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe in southern Africa. The study countries covered all key agro-climatic zones a ...
... could play. The project has been implemented in 11 countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Niger and Senegal in west Africa; Egypt in north Africa; Ethiopia and Kenya in east Africa and South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe in southern Africa. The study countries covered all key agro-climatic zones a ...
Full-Text PDF
... allows anticipating potential negative impacts, and thus planning and establishing preventive actions with time. Various approaches to assess the effects of climate change on water resources have been used [5–8]. In general, studies have reported that an increase in CO2, as long as temperature and r ...
... allows anticipating potential negative impacts, and thus planning and establishing preventive actions with time. Various approaches to assess the effects of climate change on water resources have been used [5–8]. In general, studies have reported that an increase in CO2, as long as temperature and r ...
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)
... description of the methodology could be found in the INDC detailed report. The potential impact of agricultural emission reduction measures could not be estimated due to lack of available background information, and are thus not included in the indicative estimate. Actual and forecast emission reduc ...
... description of the methodology could be found in the INDC detailed report. The potential impact of agricultural emission reduction measures could not be estimated due to lack of available background information, and are thus not included in the indicative estimate. Actual and forecast emission reduc ...
East Africa
... periods (100 or 150 years in this study) meet this requirement from the central limit theorem. To fulfill this requirement in the case of extreme quantiles, the first step involved estimating the GPD parameters from maximum likelihood. After checking for model quality and inverting the GPD to obtain ...
... periods (100 or 150 years in this study) meet this requirement from the central limit theorem. To fulfill this requirement in the case of extreme quantiles, the first step involved estimating the GPD parameters from maximum likelihood. After checking for model quality and inverting the GPD to obtain ...
PDF
... level that would “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system” into a numeric concentration that would be achieved at some point in the future.8 A defined concentration level defines a “carbon budget,” that is, the total amount of carbon that may be emitted into the atmosphe ...
... level that would “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system” into a numeric concentration that would be achieved at some point in the future.8 A defined concentration level defines a “carbon budget,” that is, the total amount of carbon that may be emitted into the atmosphe ...
Influences of Climate on Ontario Forests
... climate change, defined by the Mapped AtmospherePlant-Soil System (MAPSS) model (Neilson 1993). The present climate is provided by the climate database of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) (Leemans and Cramer 1991), while the future climate is derived from the differen ...
... climate change, defined by the Mapped AtmospherePlant-Soil System (MAPSS) model (Neilson 1993). The present climate is provided by the climate database of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) (Leemans and Cramer 1991), while the future climate is derived from the differen ...
Climate change in the United States
Because of global warming, there has been concern in the United States and internationally, that the country should reduce total greenhouse gas which is relatively high per capita.In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record. As of 2012, the thirteen warmest years for the entire planet have all occurred since 1998, transcending those from 1880.From 1950 to 2009, the American government's surface temperature record shows an increase by 1 °F (0.56 °C), approximately. Global warming has caused many changes in the U.S. According to a 2009 statement by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), trends include lake and river ice melting earlier in the spring, plants blooming earlier, multiple animal species shifting their habitat ranges northward, and reductions in the size of glaciers.Predicting future climate changes are fraught with difficultly. Some research has warned against possible problems due to American climate changes such as the spread of invasive species and possibilities of floods as well as droughts. Changes in climate in the regions of the United States appear significant. Drought conditions appear to be worsening in the southwest while improving in the northeast for example.President Barack Obama committed in the December 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Summit to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the range of 17% below 2005 levels by 2020, 42% below 2005 levels by 2030, and 83% below 2005 levels by 2050. In an address towards the U.S. Congress in June 2013, Obama detailed a specific action plan to achieve the 17% carbon emissions cut from 2005 by 2020. He included such measures as shifting from coal-based power generation to solar and natural gas production.