Broad range of 2050 warming from an observationally constrained large climate model ensemble
... the CMIP-3 ensemble mean for global-mean temperature in 2100, in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The IPCC expert range was supported by a range of sources10 , including studies using pattern scaling3,4 , ensembles of intermediate-complexity models ...
... the CMIP-3 ensemble mean for global-mean temperature in 2100, in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The IPCC expert range was supported by a range of sources10 , including studies using pattern scaling3,4 , ensembles of intermediate-complexity models ...
Climate Change and Our Environment
... coupled with the death of large numbers of pines during drought conditions in dry years have increased frequency and intensity of forest fires. In addition, at least partially because of warmer temperatures, several species of bark beetles have devastated trees from Alaska to southern Arizona, leavin ...
... coupled with the death of large numbers of pines during drought conditions in dry years have increased frequency and intensity of forest fires. In addition, at least partially because of warmer temperatures, several species of bark beetles have devastated trees from Alaska to southern Arizona, leavin ...
The Latest Myths and Facts on Global Warming
... FACT: Before the Industrial Revolution, the amount of CO2 emitted from large natural sources closely matched the amount that was removed through natural processes. That balance has now been upset by human activities, which since the ...
... FACT: Before the Industrial Revolution, the amount of CO2 emitted from large natural sources closely matched the amount that was removed through natural processes. That balance has now been upset by human activities, which since the ...
IYSoCC Application Form
... Climate change has emerged as the single biggest global issue confronting humankind this century. The adverse impacts of climate change are already being witnessed around the world, particularly on biodiversity, agriculture, water resources, rainfall patterns, seasons, coastal inhabitations, and hig ...
... Climate change has emerged as the single biggest global issue confronting humankind this century. The adverse impacts of climate change are already being witnessed around the world, particularly on biodiversity, agriculture, water resources, rainfall patterns, seasons, coastal inhabitations, and hig ...
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
... (GHG) concentrations caused by human activity; these anthropogenic emissions have increased by 70 per cent between 1970 and 2004 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report). The greenhouse gas effect in the atmosphere regulates overall temperature on the Earth’s surface. ...
... (GHG) concentrations caused by human activity; these anthropogenic emissions have increased by 70 per cent between 1970 and 2004 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report). The greenhouse gas effect in the atmosphere regulates overall temperature on the Earth’s surface. ...
Earth
... Choice of time horizon for GWP depends on what a policy maker is interested in e.g. CH4 GWP is 62 for 20 yr horizon, 23 for 100 yr, and 7 for 500 yr ...
... Choice of time horizon for GWP depends on what a policy maker is interested in e.g. CH4 GWP is 62 for 20 yr horizon, 23 for 100 yr, and 7 for 500 yr ...
Senator Lugar`s press release
... “The flexible roadmap developed in this report provides us with a way to seek a number of complementary international strategies that are more than just a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach,” Lugar said. “The United States has to reduce its overreliance on high-carbon petroleum products, not only to addre ...
... “The flexible roadmap developed in this report provides us with a way to seek a number of complementary international strategies that are more than just a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach,” Lugar said. “The United States has to reduce its overreliance on high-carbon petroleum products, not only to addre ...
The evolving and increasing need for climate change research on
... northward habitat retreat, proportional to the levels of warming. These trends could translate into shorter squid fishing periods and offshore shifts of the squid fishing grounds, providing useful input to fishery management options and adaptations under climate change. Following on the same narrati ...
... northward habitat retreat, proportional to the levels of warming. These trends could translate into shorter squid fishing periods and offshore shifts of the squid fishing grounds, providing useful input to fishery management options and adaptations under climate change. Following on the same narrati ...
Climate change and Genghis Khan
... roughly half the world’s population, alternating between relatively dry winters and relatively wet summers. But modeling how a warming climate will impact the monsoons has proved challenging. “When it comes down to creating actual computer models for explaining and predicting monsoon behavior, by an ...
... roughly half the world’s population, alternating between relatively dry winters and relatively wet summers. But modeling how a warming climate will impact the monsoons has proved challenging. “When it comes down to creating actual computer models for explaining and predicting monsoon behavior, by an ...
clicking here - Blue Mountains World Heritage Institute
... 2050 medium emission scenario (A1B) * 5% reduction in annual rainfall * 1.5 degree rise in minimum temperature * 2 degree rise in maximum temperature ...
... 2050 medium emission scenario (A1B) * 5% reduction in annual rainfall * 1.5 degree rise in minimum temperature * 2 degree rise in maximum temperature ...
beyond Marx and Capitalism
... The Kyoto Protocol is a legally binding agreement under which industrialized countries will reduce their collective emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% compared to the year 1990 calculated as an average over the five-year commitment period of 2008-12 The Kyoto Protocol entered into force on 16 Feb ...
... The Kyoto Protocol is a legally binding agreement under which industrialized countries will reduce their collective emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% compared to the year 1990 calculated as an average over the five-year commitment period of 2008-12 The Kyoto Protocol entered into force on 16 Feb ...
Climate change the enhanced greenhouse effect
... requires major and difficult changes in our lifestyle. We also need to make more use of energy sources that are renewable such as wind, wave, hydroelectric, geothermal and biofuels which can supply some of our needs. We also need to conserve energy more efficiently by using lower energy products at ho ...
... requires major and difficult changes in our lifestyle. We also need to make more use of energy sources that are renewable such as wind, wave, hydroelectric, geothermal and biofuels which can supply some of our needs. We also need to conserve energy more efficiently by using lower energy products at ho ...
1 Lecture Aims Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) Feedbacks
... • How can we decide what observed changes are due to? • Using climate models simulate the last century+ with our best estimate of forcings. • Do some statistical comparison with ...
... • How can we decide what observed changes are due to? • Using climate models simulate the last century+ with our best estimate of forcings. • Do some statistical comparison with ...
Successfully Preparing for Climate Change in New York State
... The New York State Department of Health works to engage and educate all New Yorkers to enhance understanding of the public health impacts of climate change and empower them to take actions to reduce or eliminate those health consequences. New York State has experienced the effects of climate change ...
... The New York State Department of Health works to engage and educate all New Yorkers to enhance understanding of the public health impacts of climate change and empower them to take actions to reduce or eliminate those health consequences. New York State has experienced the effects of climate change ...
how is climate change linked to security
... Region, the South- Eastern Europe and Southern Caucasus. The role of the «Environmental Leader», builds on combined strengths and field presence to the leading international organizations to perform three key functions: assessment of environment and security risks, capacity building and institutiona ...
... Region, the South- Eastern Europe and Southern Caucasus. The role of the «Environmental Leader», builds on combined strengths and field presence to the leading international organizations to perform three key functions: assessment of environment and security risks, capacity building and institutiona ...
Provisional WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climate in
... Global temperatures for January to September 2016 were approximately 1.2°C above pre-industrial levels and 0.88°C (1.58°F) above the average for the 19611990 reference period. They were especially warm in the early months of the year, with record monthly anomalies of +1.12°C (+2.02°F) in February an ...
... Global temperatures for January to September 2016 were approximately 1.2°C above pre-industrial levels and 0.88°C (1.58°F) above the average for the 19611990 reference period. They were especially warm in the early months of the year, with record monthly anomalies of +1.12°C (+2.02°F) in February an ...
Effects of Climate Change on the World`s Oceans
... plans mostly responsive to conservation plans) - More ground experiences (from the sector: what factors are important to CC adaptation? - Understand people’s behaviour, beliefs, and perceptions of CC - From impacts to adaptation:: vulnerability extremely important, but how would be the plans to redu ...
... plans mostly responsive to conservation plans) - More ground experiences (from the sector: what factors are important to CC adaptation? - Understand people’s behaviour, beliefs, and perceptions of CC - From impacts to adaptation:: vulnerability extremely important, but how would be the plans to redu ...
Energy and Land - Third World Network
... the climate change and sustainable development challenges. There is no guarantee that the developing world as a whole will ape the energy profligacy of the North. The odds are presently so stacked against the South as a whole from even pursuing the North’s flawed development model, let alone having ...
... the climate change and sustainable development challenges. There is no guarantee that the developing world as a whole will ape the energy profligacy of the North. The odds are presently so stacked against the South as a whole from even pursuing the North’s flawed development model, let alone having ...
Climate change impact on Oceans
... The Importance of Greenhouse Gases Predict the temperature on Venus? ...
... The Importance of Greenhouse Gases Predict the temperature on Venus? ...
Teaching Notes - Enduring Legacies Native Cases
... This case is the first of two parts to issues of climate change in Washington State. The focus here is on the effects of sea-level rise (SLR) on certain Indian Reservations, and other shoreline areas. The second part of this case focuses on the effects of climate change on the salmon life-cycle. My ...
... This case is the first of two parts to issues of climate change in Washington State. The focus here is on the effects of sea-level rise (SLR) on certain Indian Reservations, and other shoreline areas. The second part of this case focuses on the effects of climate change on the salmon life-cycle. My ...
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vector
... to increase as a function of climate change (Field et al. 2011) and such predictions are elaborated on in detail in other chapters in this book. Furthermore, shifting biomes as a result of changes in regional climatologies is considered a primary outcome of global climate change with temperate areas ...
... to increase as a function of climate change (Field et al. 2011) and such predictions are elaborated on in detail in other chapters in this book. Furthermore, shifting biomes as a result of changes in regional climatologies is considered a primary outcome of global climate change with temperate areas ...
box modelling - Wesleyan University
... DF is the ‘radiative forcing’ caused by the increased CO2 concentration. The value of DF can be calculated from the increase in CO2 concentration using an integrated version of deBeers law. DTs is the change in the surface temperature of the earth We can solve for l by taking the first derivative of ...
... DF is the ‘radiative forcing’ caused by the increased CO2 concentration. The value of DF can be calculated from the increase in CO2 concentration using an integrated version of deBeers law. DTs is the change in the surface temperature of the earth We can solve for l by taking the first derivative of ...
Climate Change and Global Social Justice
... If we are to put economic justice at the heart of a future climate deal we need to create a carbon price and market that works for the poorest and helps them compete and benefit from a low carbon future. The Stern report estimated that the carbon market could eventually provide transfers of up to $ ...
... If we are to put economic justice at the heart of a future climate deal we need to create a carbon price and market that works for the poorest and helps them compete and benefit from a low carbon future. The Stern report estimated that the carbon market could eventually provide transfers of up to $ ...
A regional approach to climate adaptation in the Nile Basin
... A regional-scale modelling framework has been developed to address the need for regional scale tools and information that can support and inform decision-making for large transboundary river basins like the Nile. The framework incorporates the state of the art Perturbed Physics Ensemble (PPE) approa ...
... A regional-scale modelling framework has been developed to address the need for regional scale tools and information that can support and inform decision-making for large transboundary river basins like the Nile. The framework incorporates the state of the art Perturbed Physics Ensemble (PPE) approa ...
PPT - Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group
... Why does probability of ozone episode increase with increasing temperature? Faster chemical reactions, increased biogenic emissions, and stagnation. ...
... Why does probability of ozone episode increase with increasing temperature? Faster chemical reactions, increased biogenic emissions, and stagnation. ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).