List of maps and graphs
... Model simulation of hydrodynamics and phytoplankton dynamics during three contrasting summers (The cold summer of 1956, the average summer of 1991 and the hot summer of 2003). ...
... Model simulation of hydrodynamics and phytoplankton dynamics during three contrasting summers (The cold summer of 1956, the average summer of 1991 and the hot summer of 2003). ...
Asia - IPCC
... winners (cereal production in northern and eastern Kazakhstan could benefit from the longer growing season, warmer winters, and slight increase in winter precipitation), while others could be losers (western Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, where frequent droughts could negatively affect cotton producti ...
... winners (cereal production in northern and eastern Kazakhstan could benefit from the longer growing season, warmer winters, and slight increase in winter precipitation), while others could be losers (western Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, where frequent droughts could negatively affect cotton producti ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DESIGNING CLIMATE MITIGATION POLICY Joseph E. Aldy
... marginal abatement costs are equated across all emissions sources (including non-CO2 GHGs), across countries, and across different periods of time.3 Across the models and stabilization scenarios in Table 1, CO2 emissions prices rise steadily (beginning around 2012) at approximately 5 percent, which ...
... marginal abatement costs are equated across all emissions sources (including non-CO2 GHGs), across countries, and across different periods of time.3 Across the models and stabilization scenarios in Table 1, CO2 emissions prices rise steadily (beginning around 2012) at approximately 5 percent, which ...
Mountains and Climate Change: A Global Concern
... and precipitation (Figure 1.3). Moreover, most of the meteorological stations in mountain regions are located in valleys, meaning that slopes and peaks are underrepresented in resulting data. At the same time, deriving climate data products for local users in mountain regions – by “downscaling” resu ...
... and precipitation (Figure 1.3). Moreover, most of the meteorological stations in mountain regions are located in valleys, meaning that slopes and peaks are underrepresented in resulting data. At the same time, deriving climate data products for local users in mountain regions – by “downscaling” resu ...
Guide to Climate Change Risk Assessment for NSW
... Growth in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is changing global climate, including in New South Wales. Even if global negotiations succeed in achieving deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions, further change to the NSW climate and biophysical environment is inevitable. Over the co ...
... Growth in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is changing global climate, including in New South Wales. Even if global negotiations succeed in achieving deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions, further change to the NSW climate and biophysical environment is inevitable. Over the co ...
Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services, and Climate Change
... (Nelson and others 2009). The authors argue that in developing countries, climate change will induce yield declines for the most important crops especially in South Asia; that irrigated yields for all crops in South Asia will fall; that price increases for rice, wheat, maize, soybeans, and meat pric ...
... (Nelson and others 2009). The authors argue that in developing countries, climate change will induce yield declines for the most important crops especially in South Asia; that irrigated yields for all crops in South Asia will fall; that price increases for rice, wheat, maize, soybeans, and meat pric ...
Read and the brochure here
... Through GEO-C and IG3IS and the H2020 projects RISCAPE and SEACRIFOG we are deepening our connections to Research Infrastructures in other regions. We are doing this with a special focus on African countries. We want actively contribute to global observations and share our ...
... Through GEO-C and IG3IS and the H2020 projects RISCAPE and SEACRIFOG we are deepening our connections to Research Infrastructures in other regions. We are doing this with a special focus on African countries. We want actively contribute to global observations and share our ...
Climate Change and Whitebark Pine
... the foundation for adaptation (Rehfeldt et al. 1999; Bower and Aitken 2006, 2008, Mahalovich and Hipkins 2011). Restoring whitebark pine forests in changing climates There are many compelling reasons to restore whitebark pine, including the ecosystem services, biodiversity, and ecosystem functions t ...
... the foundation for adaptation (Rehfeldt et al. 1999; Bower and Aitken 2006, 2008, Mahalovich and Hipkins 2011). Restoring whitebark pine forests in changing climates There are many compelling reasons to restore whitebark pine, including the ecosystem services, biodiversity, and ecosystem functions t ...
Mountains and Climate Change: A global concern - EDA
... and precipitation (Figure 1.3). Moreover, most of the meteorological stations in mountain regions are located in valleys, meaning that slopes and peaks are underrepresented in resulting data. At the same time, deriving climate data products for local users in mountain regions – by “downscaling” resu ...
... and precipitation (Figure 1.3). Moreover, most of the meteorological stations in mountain regions are located in valleys, meaning that slopes and peaks are underrepresented in resulting data. At the same time, deriving climate data products for local users in mountain regions – by “downscaling” resu ...
Sea-level rise - Environmental Science Institute
... Hot Science - Cool Talks Volume 47 Produced by and for the Hot Science – Cool Talks Outreach Lecture Series of the Environmental Science Institute. We request that the use of any of these materials include an acknowledgement of Dr. David Vaughan and the Hot Science – Cool Talks Outreach Lecture Seri ...
... Hot Science - Cool Talks Volume 47 Produced by and for the Hot Science – Cool Talks Outreach Lecture Series of the Environmental Science Institute. We request that the use of any of these materials include an acknowledgement of Dr. David Vaughan and the Hot Science – Cool Talks Outreach Lecture Seri ...
Ethics and Geoengineering: Reviewing the Moral Issues Raised by
... addressing only symptoms rather than causes, SRM leaves carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, ensuring that the problem of ocean acidification will continue. This preference for CDR has been questioned by those with concerns about the ecological impact of large-scale CDR technologies.11 Proponents of st ...
... addressing only symptoms rather than causes, SRM leaves carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, ensuring that the problem of ocean acidification will continue. This preference for CDR has been questioned by those with concerns about the ecological impact of large-scale CDR technologies.11 Proponents of st ...
Download paper (PDF)
... economic times but often perform poorly precisely when the economy is doing poorly. Conversely, society is willing to pay handsomely for the right pattern of cash flows across states. These numbers also reveal that the pattern across states of the payoffs associated with climate change mitigation wi ...
... economic times but often perform poorly precisely when the economy is doing poorly. Conversely, society is willing to pay handsomely for the right pattern of cash flows across states. These numbers also reveal that the pattern across states of the payoffs associated with climate change mitigation wi ...
White Paper on the contribution of the GFCS to Agenda 2030
... With respect to the Agriculture and Food Security goal (SDG 2), which focuses on addressing hunger, achieving food security and improving nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture, climate variability and change have a major impact on food security and sustainable agriculture. The overall avai ...
... With respect to the Agriculture and Food Security goal (SDG 2), which focuses on addressing hunger, achieving food security and improving nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture, climate variability and change have a major impact on food security and sustainable agriculture. The overall avai ...
Longterm climate forcings to assess vulnerability in North Africa dry
... climate, we used species distribution modelling (SDM) to estimate its potential range. Then, SDM was used to estimate its potential distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21,000 BP) and the Middle Holocene (Mid-Holocene; 6,000 BP). Model predictions for past scenarios were compared with ...
... climate, we used species distribution modelling (SDM) to estimate its potential range. Then, SDM was used to estimate its potential distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21,000 BP) and the Middle Holocene (Mid-Holocene; 6,000 BP). Model predictions for past scenarios were compared with ...
Executive Summary - Forest Watch
... key Sectors (Forestry, Water Resources, and Human Health) for detailed consideration, and three key concerns or issues likely to affect these Sectors if climate change continues (Air Quality, Seasonal Dynamics, and Extreme Weather Events). The Final Report of the NERA is offerred in two forms: A Fou ...
... key Sectors (Forestry, Water Resources, and Human Health) for detailed consideration, and three key concerns or issues likely to affect these Sectors if climate change continues (Air Quality, Seasonal Dynamics, and Extreme Weather Events). The Final Report of the NERA is offerred in two forms: A Fou ...
Sustainability, Past and Future: Ten Propositions on the Emerging
... by worsening climate change, with roughly 5,000 books and some 500 international organizations calling for sustainable societies, cities, businesses, and economies. This “horizontal” exploration is based on current mapping research for a “Security and Sustainability Guide” to the organizational macr ...
... by worsening climate change, with roughly 5,000 books and some 500 international organizations calling for sustainable societies, cities, businesses, and economies. This “horizontal” exploration is based on current mapping research for a “Security and Sustainability Guide” to the organizational macr ...
Directory of finance sources for climate change mitigation in
... seedlings, machinery, or other inputs that are constraints for many poor farmers, as well as in efforts to facilitate farmer innovation through extension, demonstration sites, and support for farmer organizations and farmers’ experiments. With international pledges to provide finance for climate cha ...
... seedlings, machinery, or other inputs that are constraints for many poor farmers, as well as in efforts to facilitate farmer innovation through extension, demonstration sites, and support for farmer organizations and farmers’ experiments. With international pledges to provide finance for climate cha ...
Rethinking corporate social responsibility in the age of climate change
... allows heat in but diminishes its ability to exit. The system is further complicated by the melting of more reflective ice, allowing for additional heat to be absorbed in the world’s oceans and less solar radiation to be reflected (United Nations Environmental Programme 2013). The world’s scientists ...
... allows heat in but diminishes its ability to exit. The system is further complicated by the melting of more reflective ice, allowing for additional heat to be absorbed in the world’s oceans and less solar radiation to be reflected (United Nations Environmental Programme 2013). The world’s scientists ...
Assessing the Risk of a Collapse of the Atlantic Thermohaline
... flowed out the St. Lawrence waterway to the North Atlantic Ocean thereby freshening it sufficiently to halt the THC circulation. ...
... flowed out the St. Lawrence waterway to the North Atlantic Ocean thereby freshening it sufficiently to halt the THC circulation. ...
View/Open
... dramatic 2008 rise and fall in oil prices. This study was written after 20 years of generally declining oil prices and just as that trend was starting to reverse. If Pisarski were to do the study now or in a few years, it would be interesting to see if the oil price shock had any effect on commuting ...
... dramatic 2008 rise and fall in oil prices. This study was written after 20 years of generally declining oil prices and just as that trend was starting to reverse. If Pisarski were to do the study now or in a few years, it would be interesting to see if the oil price shock had any effect on commuting ...
Adapting bridge infrastructure to climate change: institutionalizing resilience in intergovernmental transportation planning
... project delivery and the environmental review process; and funding, performance, and accountability (Cambridge Systematics 2009). Most of the recommended policies target the federal legislature. Federal policies can have broad-reaching effects, making them well-suited to mitigation, which needs to b ...
... project delivery and the environmental review process; and funding, performance, and accountability (Cambridge Systematics 2009). Most of the recommended policies target the federal legislature. Federal policies can have broad-reaching effects, making them well-suited to mitigation, which needs to b ...
Debating Climate Change David Weisbach
... using the same policy lever, a climate change treaty. By trying to redistribute within a climate change treaty, we may be choosing a way of helping the poor that is more expensive and less effective than other forms of meeting distributive obligations. Moreover, by trying to redistribute within a cl ...
... using the same policy lever, a climate change treaty. By trying to redistribute within a climate change treaty, we may be choosing a way of helping the poor that is more expensive and less effective than other forms of meeting distributive obligations. Moreover, by trying to redistribute within a cl ...
The polar amplification asymmetry: role of Antarctic surface height
... 126 after CO2 doubling) of the polar amplification asymmetry was explained by the difference in surface height, but the fraction was subject to transient changes and might to some extent also depend on model uncertainties. In order to arrive at a more reliable estimate of the role of land height for ...
... 126 after CO2 doubling) of the polar amplification asymmetry was explained by the difference in surface height, but the fraction was subject to transient changes and might to some extent also depend on model uncertainties. In order to arrive at a more reliable estimate of the role of land height for ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).