Annex III
... (see Aerosol-radiation interaction), and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei, modifying the optical properties and lifetime of clouds (see Aerosol-cloud interaction). Aerosol-cloud interaction A process by which a perturbation to aerosol affects the microphysical properti ...
... (see Aerosol-radiation interaction), and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei, modifying the optical properties and lifetime of clouds (see Aerosol-cloud interaction). Aerosol-cloud interaction A process by which a perturbation to aerosol affects the microphysical properti ...
Geologic Time and Mass Extinction
... • There is evidence that some mass extinctions were caused by sudden climate change. • Species that cannot survive a change in climate become extinct. • Climate change can be caused by volcanic eruptions or asteroid impacts, and can result in global warming or cooling. ...
... • There is evidence that some mass extinctions were caused by sudden climate change. • Species that cannot survive a change in climate become extinct. • Climate change can be caused by volcanic eruptions or asteroid impacts, and can result in global warming or cooling. ...
Climate diplomacy: Drawing conclusions and recommendations
... of administration, at the national level. Doing so will contribute towards having an economy which will be able to absorb climate related shocks better, and make development efforts more sustainable. Communication channels among countries at the trans-boundary level occur through the implementation ...
... of administration, at the national level. Doing so will contribute towards having an economy which will be able to absorb climate related shocks better, and make development efforts more sustainable. Communication channels among countries at the trans-boundary level occur through the implementation ...
Cascading uncertainty in climate change models and its implications
... assessment as some models have greater spatial resolution while others do not. Moreover, as discussed by Palmer (2012), we understand uncertainty within a single model but the notion of quantifying uncertainty from many models currently lacks any real theoretical background or basis. The outputs fro ...
... assessment as some models have greater spatial resolution while others do not. Moreover, as discussed by Palmer (2012), we understand uncertainty within a single model but the notion of quantifying uncertainty from many models currently lacks any real theoretical background or basis. The outputs fro ...
What is the Climate System and How are we Altering It?
... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
European Science Fondation Global Change, Energy Issues
... illusory ambition. 9 It is also rejected, due to diverse reasons such as sovereignty and an absolute right to development, by the large emerging economies. In the 1990s, the ambition of reduction numbers and objectives was the principal object of Kyoto Protocol negotiations between industrialized co ...
... illusory ambition. 9 It is also rejected, due to diverse reasons such as sovereignty and an absolute right to development, by the large emerging economies. In the 1990s, the ambition of reduction numbers and objectives was the principal object of Kyoto Protocol negotiations between industrialized co ...
Climate, Ecology, and Human Health
... surface in the Southern Hemisphere; (2) a disproportionate rise in minimum temperatures (TMINs), in either daily or seasonally-averaged readings; and (3) an increase in extreme weather events, such as droughts and sudden heavy rains. There is growing evidence for all three of these tell-tale "finger ...
... surface in the Southern Hemisphere; (2) a disproportionate rise in minimum temperatures (TMINs), in either daily or seasonally-averaged readings; and (3) an increase in extreme weather events, such as droughts and sudden heavy rains. There is growing evidence for all three of these tell-tale "finger ...
251-252 Editorials MH AB.indd
... from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). According to estimates by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the clearing of forests accounts for approximately one-fifth of greenhouse-gas emissions by humans. Thus, stopping deforestation could be a relatively cheap and effective way to ...
... from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). According to estimates by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the clearing of forests accounts for approximately one-fifth of greenhouse-gas emissions by humans. Thus, stopping deforestation could be a relatively cheap and effective way to ...
UCU environmental news 43, Nov 15
... quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all. Without this the overall aims to end poverty, promote prosperity and well-being for all, protect the environment and address climate change are unlikely to be achieved. Advocacy toolkit available here: http://www.ei-ie.org/en/news/news_d ...
... quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all. Without this the overall aims to end poverty, promote prosperity and well-being for all, protect the environment and address climate change are unlikely to be achieved. Advocacy toolkit available here: http://www.ei-ie.org/en/news/news_d ...
Global Warming (AGW): Separating Fact From Fiction
... “The recent round of extreme weather events, including Super Typhoon Haiyan in The Philippines, the polar freeze in the northern Hemisphere, and intense heatwaves in Australia, should provide a ...
... “The recent round of extreme weather events, including Super Typhoon Haiyan in The Philippines, the polar freeze in the northern Hemisphere, and intense heatwaves in Australia, should provide a ...
Year-end Report,
... remainder of the data and will develop a publishable report by the end of the summer. The remainder of this report summarizes results of the work described above, presented in three sections: Climate Change Keystone Lessons, Nature of Climate Science White Paper, and Preliminary Findings on Students ...
... remainder of the data and will develop a publishable report by the end of the summer. The remainder of this report summarizes results of the work described above, presented in three sections: Climate Change Keystone Lessons, Nature of Climate Science White Paper, and Preliminary Findings on Students ...
AGENDA
... instabilities in Greenland and Antarctica and their sensitivity to warming and implications on sea level rise. Understanding sea ice response, including possible rapid changes and associated feedback mechanisms, regional changes in snow cover and glacier extent and their consequences on the regional ...
... instabilities in Greenland and Antarctica and their sensitivity to warming and implications on sea level rise. Understanding sea ice response, including possible rapid changes and associated feedback mechanisms, regional changes in snow cover and glacier extent and their consequences on the regional ...
Toronto Environment Office: Toronto`s Future Weather and Climage
... preindustrial times, and Arctic temperatures have increased at nearly twice the global average rate. Water vapour levels have risen since the 1980s (and possibly earlier), and are broadly consistent with the observed rises in air temperatures. Glaciers have retreated and melted, and snow cover has f ...
... preindustrial times, and Arctic temperatures have increased at nearly twice the global average rate. Water vapour levels have risen since the 1980s (and possibly earlier), and are broadly consistent with the observed rises in air temperatures. Glaciers have retreated and melted, and snow cover has f ...
Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback
... of the tropical circulation, and that it is maximum in regions of strong subsidence. The reasons for that large sensitivity might be related to the breakup, as SST increases, of stratiform low-level cloud types (stratus, stratocumulus) into more cumuliform clouds (trade cumulus), and thus to a small ...
... of the tropical circulation, and that it is maximum in regions of strong subsidence. The reasons for that large sensitivity might be related to the breakup, as SST increases, of stratiform low-level cloud types (stratus, stratocumulus) into more cumuliform clouds (trade cumulus), and thus to a small ...
Slide 1
... “The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level as risen and concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased.” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, AR5 WGI September 2013 ...
... “The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level as risen and concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased.” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, AR5 WGI September 2013 ...
Global warming could halt ocean circulation, with harmful result
... into the ocean through precipitation, run-off, and melting of glaciers. Many climate models have projected that increased surface ocean temperatures and reduced salinity could slow the thermohaline circulation. A few models have projected a complete shutdown of the thermohaline circulation in the ca ...
... into the ocean through precipitation, run-off, and melting of glaciers. Many climate models have projected that increased surface ocean temperatures and reduced salinity could slow the thermohaline circulation. A few models have projected a complete shutdown of the thermohaline circulation in the ca ...
LG/15/21
... accounts, has the potential to bring together in one consistent analytical framework all relevant information with regard to the relationships between the economy and climate change, that can be used for climate change assessment, policy and decision making. • The accounts are very useful to assess ...
... accounts, has the potential to bring together in one consistent analytical framework all relevant information with regard to the relationships between the economy and climate change, that can be used for climate change assessment, policy and decision making. • The accounts are very useful to assess ...
Figures and Figure Captions
... -Research references (requested proof from undergraduate students to confirm that primary literature was accessed in time to by incorporated into the project. Students could either show me their journal articles, give me copies of the first page, or email me the pdfs they have accessed. I do this to ...
... -Research references (requested proof from undergraduate students to confirm that primary literature was accessed in time to by incorporated into the project. Students could either show me their journal articles, give me copies of the first page, or email me the pdfs they have accessed. I do this to ...
CO2 Targets
... efficiency, energy efficiency and EMC certification. This can be done with some small business programs offering grant cover for the cost of complying with government certifications. Such moves could unleash some of the pent-up innovation in Australia, underpin small business and grow bigger ones. W ...
... efficiency, energy efficiency and EMC certification. This can be done with some small business programs offering grant cover for the cost of complying with government certifications. Such moves could unleash some of the pent-up innovation in Australia, underpin small business and grow bigger ones. W ...
Shoreline Stabilization - The Trustees of Reservations
... climate change, including rising sea levels and more intense storm surges, are exacerbating these natural processes. By creating barriers that interrupt the natural transport of sand, beaches will be threatened and become less valuable for habitat, recreation, and storm damage prevention, including ...
... climate change, including rising sea levels and more intense storm surges, are exacerbating these natural processes. By creating barriers that interrupt the natural transport of sand, beaches will be threatened and become less valuable for habitat, recreation, and storm damage prevention, including ...
The EPA and Climate Change Contents
... greatest uncertainly lies in how effective global actions will be in reducing GHG emissions. Predicted negative changes in Ireland include: ...
... greatest uncertainly lies in how effective global actions will be in reducing GHG emissions. Predicted negative changes in Ireland include: ...
Climate change and extreme weather events
... very heavy rainstorms (at least 50 mm per day). At the beginning of this century this was less then 8 percent (Karl et al. 1997). According to Groisman et al. (1999), heavy rainstorms account for a 10 percent change in the mean total precipitation when there is no change in the frequency of precipit ...
... very heavy rainstorms (at least 50 mm per day). At the beginning of this century this was less then 8 percent (Karl et al. 1997). According to Groisman et al. (1999), heavy rainstorms account for a 10 percent change in the mean total precipitation when there is no change in the frequency of precipit ...
A new feedback on climate change from the hydrological cycle
... industrial control run in eighteen of the models and a present-day control run in the remaining two. Figure 1 (top) shows the ensemble-mean precipitation minus evaporation (PmE) near the start of the integrations. Figure 1 (bottom) shows the ensemble-mean change in PmE at around the time of CO2 doub ...
... industrial control run in eighteen of the models and a present-day control run in the remaining two. Figure 1 (top) shows the ensemble-mean precipitation minus evaporation (PmE) near the start of the integrations. Figure 1 (bottom) shows the ensemble-mean change in PmE at around the time of CO2 doub ...
Towards Local Costing of Climate Change Impacts for Decision
... – At least as important for planning for current vulnerability as for future vulnerability under CC ...
... – At least as important for planning for current vulnerability as for future vulnerability under CC ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.