Annex 3: Strengths and weaknesses of climate models
... understood in terms of simple physical reasoning: in this case, albedo feedbacks whereby snow or ice covered regions become exposed as the planet warms and, as a result, more sunlight is absorbed by the underlying surface. Other important feedbacks include the positive water-vapour feedback; water v ...
... understood in terms of simple physical reasoning: in this case, albedo feedbacks whereby snow or ice covered regions become exposed as the planet warms and, as a result, more sunlight is absorbed by the underlying surface. Other important feedbacks include the positive water-vapour feedback; water v ...
South African Food Security and Climate Change: Agriculture Futures
... “…consistent warming over the subcontinent…particularly on the eastern side…” – are you referring to sub-Saharan Africa and East Africa? (South Africa is obviously not a sub-continent but it’s the only region that has been referred to at this point). Perhaps this discussion of Africawide climate cha ...
... “…consistent warming over the subcontinent…particularly on the eastern side…” – are you referring to sub-Saharan Africa and East Africa? (South Africa is obviously not a sub-continent but it’s the only region that has been referred to at this point). Perhaps this discussion of Africawide climate cha ...
Climate Change Effects and Adaptation Approaches in Freshwater
... herbivorous rotifer Keratella maintained a corresponding phenological response and experienced no apparent decoupling of the predator-prey relationship.105 In the future, populations that are most mistimed are generally expected to decline most in number.106 For fishes dependent on water temperature ...
... herbivorous rotifer Keratella maintained a corresponding phenological response and experienced no apparent decoupling of the predator-prey relationship.105 In the future, populations that are most mistimed are generally expected to decline most in number.106 For fishes dependent on water temperature ...
A fractal climate response function can simulate global average
... anthropogenic aerosols as primarily produced by SO2 emissions. Such aerosols have a direct cooling effect by reflecting incoming solar radiation to space, but also an indirect effect by changing the properties of clouds, affecting the earth’s radiation balance in various ways (Forster et al 2007). T ...
... anthropogenic aerosols as primarily produced by SO2 emissions. Such aerosols have a direct cooling effect by reflecting incoming solar radiation to space, but also an indirect effect by changing the properties of clouds, affecting the earth’s radiation balance in various ways (Forster et al 2007). T ...
The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems
... of biogeography. Over the past several centuries, human activities have become an additional, important component to the climate system (Fig. 2). Anthropogenic climatic forcing is mediated primarily by greenhouse gas (predominantly CO2) emissions. Together, elevated CO2 and the resultant increases i ...
... of biogeography. Over the past several centuries, human activities have become an additional, important component to the climate system (Fig. 2). Anthropogenic climatic forcing is mediated primarily by greenhouse gas (predominantly CO2) emissions. Together, elevated CO2 and the resultant increases i ...
Status of climate change/variability studies and potential impacts of
... Permafrost in northeast China is expected to disappear if temperatures increase by 2 0C or more. The northern part of China would be most vulnerable to hydrological impacts of climate change; future population growth and economic development here may exacerbate seriously the existing water shortage. ...
... Permafrost in northeast China is expected to disappear if temperatures increase by 2 0C or more. The northern part of China would be most vulnerable to hydrological impacts of climate change; future population growth and economic development here may exacerbate seriously the existing water shortage. ...
adaptation
... climate change • Some adaptation is occurring now, to observed projected climate change, but on a very limited basis. • A wide array of adaptation options are available, but more extensive adaptation than is currently occurring is required to reduce vulnerability to future climate change. There are ...
... climate change • Some adaptation is occurring now, to observed projected climate change, but on a very limited basis. • A wide array of adaptation options are available, but more extensive adaptation than is currently occurring is required to reduce vulnerability to future climate change. There are ...
News of our world - Upper Murrumbidgee Landcare Committee
... “Platypus are relatively difficult to see in the wild because of their quiet, retiring nature and largely nocturnal habits. It is important that all platypus sightings are reported. “Our platypus watch program encourages people such as anglers, canoeists, bushwalkers and farmers working on riverside ...
... “Platypus are relatively difficult to see in the wild because of their quiet, retiring nature and largely nocturnal habits. It is important that all platypus sightings are reported. “Our platypus watch program encourages people such as anglers, canoeists, bushwalkers and farmers working on riverside ...
No Gap for One Earth
... Passed in June 2015, the act officially enshrines into law Taiwan’s goal of cutting carbon emissions to 50 percent of 2005 levels by 2050. Taiwan is proud to be one of the few countries in the world to have written its carbon emission reduction target into domestic law. Representatives from the Euro ...
... Passed in June 2015, the act officially enshrines into law Taiwan’s goal of cutting carbon emissions to 50 percent of 2005 levels by 2050. Taiwan is proud to be one of the few countries in the world to have written its carbon emission reduction target into domestic law. Representatives from the Euro ...
House science testimony apr 15 final - Climate Etc.
... the climate is to these increases. Climate sensitivity is defined as the global surface warming that occurs when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles. If climate sensitivity is high, then we can expect substantial warming in the coming century as emissions continue to increa ...
... the climate is to these increases. Climate sensitivity is defined as the global surface warming that occurs when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles. If climate sensitivity is high, then we can expect substantial warming in the coming century as emissions continue to increa ...
11. Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial
... surrounding the planet that diverts charged particles from the Solar wind, channeling some to the magnetic poles where they can lead to auroras. • What is the difference between weather and climate? • Weather refers to short-term changes in wind, clouds, temperature, and pressure. Climate is the lon ...
... surrounding the planet that diverts charged particles from the Solar wind, channeling some to the magnetic poles where they can lead to auroras. • What is the difference between weather and climate? • Weather refers to short-term changes in wind, clouds, temperature, and pressure. Climate is the lon ...
the impact of weather and climate risks on cereal crops productivity
... previously researches. Is projected that in such regions, where water availability is reduced, to a warming of 2 C in this century (Parry M., et all, 2004), some of the agricultural land will become unsuitable for crops grown. This will be largely due to increased evapotranspiration and decrease of ...
... previously researches. Is projected that in such regions, where water availability is reduced, to a warming of 2 C in this century (Parry M., et all, 2004), some of the agricultural land will become unsuitable for crops grown. This will be largely due to increased evapotranspiration and decrease of ...
Information Skills for Research in Earth Sciences
... “ocean circulation” as a phrase OR ocean circulation as 2 separate terms climate change OR climatic changes OR global warming should we include pal(a)eoclimatology? Different combinations will give different results – you need to try them all ...
... “ocean circulation” as a phrase OR ocean circulation as 2 separate terms climate change OR climatic changes OR global warming should we include pal(a)eoclimatology? Different combinations will give different results – you need to try them all ...
The potential contribution of British Columbia`s forest sector to
... increase C stored in harvested wood products (inside and outside of BC) and reduce emissions where such wood is used to substitute concrete or steel products with the associated high emissions in the regions where these products are manufactured. The focus of the mitigation analyses will be on the i ...
... increase C stored in harvested wood products (inside and outside of BC) and reduce emissions where such wood is used to substitute concrete or steel products with the associated high emissions in the regions where these products are manufactured. The focus of the mitigation analyses will be on the i ...
PDF Download
... According to the latest IPCC report (2007) there is unequivocal evidence of the warming of the climate system, which is expected to affect both ecosystems and socio-economic systems to varying degrees. Changes in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are deemed responsible for the ob ...
... According to the latest IPCC report (2007) there is unequivocal evidence of the warming of the climate system, which is expected to affect both ecosystems and socio-economic systems to varying degrees. Changes in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are deemed responsible for the ob ...
Coping with the uncertainties in the climate change adaptation of
... cost and the product of the risk aversion index and the standard deviation of the total cost. This riskaversion cost function was initially proposed as a simple measure of social risk based on loss of life; it can also be used in economic decision making (Jonkman et al. 2003). However, only a few ap ...
... cost and the product of the risk aversion index and the standard deviation of the total cost. This riskaversion cost function was initially proposed as a simple measure of social risk based on loss of life; it can also be used in economic decision making (Jonkman et al. 2003). However, only a few ap ...
CONVENTION ON - the Economics Web Institute
... Recognizes the urgent need of developing countries, in particular the least developed and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, for the provision of financial support, including new and additional financial resources in accordance with Article 20 of the C ...
... Recognizes the urgent need of developing countries, in particular the least developed and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, for the provision of financial support, including new and additional financial resources in accordance with Article 20 of the C ...
Bahamas INDC
... into account its tourism based economy, taking action to implement climate change mitigation policies in the country is necessary to reduce climate change impacts and assume responsibility for the country’s GHG emissions. The Government of The Bahamas has recognized the importance of addressing clim ...
... into account its tourism based economy, taking action to implement climate change mitigation policies in the country is necessary to reduce climate change impacts and assume responsibility for the country’s GHG emissions. The Government of The Bahamas has recognized the importance of addressing clim ...
Climate Change, Health and Future Well
... exceed 2.2 billion people (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis 2012). Despite the perception of global economic growth and rising prosperity, 45 % of the world’s poor people (living at or below $2 a day) reside in South Asia; over one third of the world’s poor lives in India alone ( ...
... exceed 2.2 billion people (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis 2012). Despite the perception of global economic growth and rising prosperity, 45 % of the world’s poor people (living at or below $2 a day) reside in South Asia; over one third of the world’s poor lives in India alone ( ...
Understanding the Science of Climate Change Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/NRR—2010/210
... simple facts; these are derived from some level of reasoning or critical thinking. They result from projected trends, well tested climate or ecosystem models, or empirically observed relationships (statistical comparisons using existing data). • “What scientists think is possible” are statements th ...
... simple facts; these are derived from some level of reasoning or critical thinking. They result from projected trends, well tested climate or ecosystem models, or empirically observed relationships (statistical comparisons using existing data). • “What scientists think is possible” are statements th ...
relevant, immediate, local: guide to communicating climate change
... future problems can be addressed in the future. If something is a future problem it can be deprioritised relative to immediate concerns, even if the consequences of a future problem are more serious. While a decade ago climate change may have been characterised as a future problem, today it is very ...
... future problems can be addressed in the future. If something is a future problem it can be deprioritised relative to immediate concerns, even if the consequences of a future problem are more serious. While a decade ago climate change may have been characterised as a future problem, today it is very ...
The climate of the United Kingdom and recent trends
... The changes in global temperature seen in Figure 1.1 could be due to a number of causes, both natural and man-made. Under the heading of natural we include the internal (chaotic) variability of the earth’s climate system and also naturallyforced changes such as cooling due to aerosol from energetic ...
... The changes in global temperature seen in Figure 1.1 could be due to a number of causes, both natural and man-made. Under the heading of natural we include the internal (chaotic) variability of the earth’s climate system and also naturallyforced changes such as cooling due to aerosol from energetic ...
Ocean Science and Climate Change
... as much heat as the entire atmosphere, and the ocean has absorbed the vast majority of the “added heat” associated with anthropogenic greenhouse gases, resulting in thermal expansion and related sea-level rise. Similarly, the ocean has absorbed over one third of the carbon emissions we have pumped i ...
... as much heat as the entire atmosphere, and the ocean has absorbed the vast majority of the “added heat” associated with anthropogenic greenhouse gases, resulting in thermal expansion and related sea-level rise. Similarly, the ocean has absorbed over one third of the carbon emissions we have pumped i ...
argentina - World Bank Group
... Emissions inventories: Argentina has made 2 updates to its National GHG Inventory (INVGEI 2000)20 covering the years 1990, 1994, 1997 and 2000. The Inventory includes information on emissions from agriculture, livestock, land use and land use change, forestry and waste, providing disaggregated infor ...
... Emissions inventories: Argentina has made 2 updates to its National GHG Inventory (INVGEI 2000)20 covering the years 1990, 1994, 1997 and 2000. The Inventory includes information on emissions from agriculture, livestock, land use and land use change, forestry and waste, providing disaggregated infor ...
Why Analyze Mental Models of Local Climate Change?
... Mozambique. Interview results are compared to data from a regional weather station. Residents discuss temperature increases, short-term and long-term precipitation changes, and altered seasonal timing. Measurable climate change in this region includes increasing temperatures and more erratic rainfal ...
... Mozambique. Interview results are compared to data from a regional weather station. Residents discuss temperature increases, short-term and long-term precipitation changes, and altered seasonal timing. Measurable climate change in this region includes increasing temperatures and more erratic rainfal ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.