Climate Models: An Assessment of Strengths and Limitations
... evolved very slowly. The lower limit has been nearly unchanged over time, with very few recent models below 2°. Difficulties in simulating Earth’s clouds and their response to climate change are the fundamental reasons preventing a reduction in this range in model-generated climate sensitivity. Othe ...
... evolved very slowly. The lower limit has been nearly unchanged over time, with very few recent models below 2°. Difficulties in simulating Earth’s clouds and their response to climate change are the fundamental reasons preventing a reduction in this range in model-generated climate sensitivity. Othe ...
Review of climate change adaptation methods and tools
... The science is clear, climate change is here and is a challenge that people need to deal with over coming decades. Human activities have already caused some irreversible changes to ecosystems and further damage is likely. It is necessary to think how we will adjust not only to these specific changes ...
... The science is clear, climate change is here and is a challenge that people need to deal with over coming decades. Human activities have already caused some irreversible changes to ecosystems and further damage is likely. It is necessary to think how we will adjust not only to these specific changes ...
Sample 1st Affirmative Constructive (1AC)
... saves preparation time in the debate, ensures that you know your arguments well, and gives you time to choose the best arguments against the disadvantage. Blocks are most important for the 1NC and 2AC, but you can make blocks for any speech other than the 1AC. For instance, there are only so many po ...
... saves preparation time in the debate, ensures that you know your arguments well, and gives you time to choose the best arguments against the disadvantage. Blocks are most important for the 1NC and 2AC, but you can make blocks for any speech other than the 1AC. For instance, there are only so many po ...
Relevant Science What do we know about the potential impacts of
... 280 parts per million (ppm). Currently, the concentration is 385 ppm, or 38% higher than preindustrial, which has caused a 0.7°C increase in global mean temperature. At this current, level of temperature increase, impacts are measurable significant and comprehensive (See summary from Intergovernment ...
... 280 parts per million (ppm). Currently, the concentration is 385 ppm, or 38% higher than preindustrial, which has caused a 0.7°C increase in global mean temperature. At this current, level of temperature increase, impacts are measurable significant and comprehensive (See summary from Intergovernment ...
multiple demands on water and needs for adaptation to climate
... Temperature exhibits a slight rising trend since 1975. This increasing trend for temperature is expected to continue during the 21st century. Precipitation is expected to decrease, although some regional models claim the opposite. Considering the relationship between precipitation and runoff, correl ...
... Temperature exhibits a slight rising trend since 1975. This increasing trend for temperature is expected to continue during the 21st century. Precipitation is expected to decrease, although some regional models claim the opposite. Considering the relationship between precipitation and runoff, correl ...
Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation
... as medium- and long-term adaptation is a proactive response, it requires development of institutional arrangements and methodologies for gathering, storing, managing, and utilizing basic information on the target regions and sectors. Discussions about global warming tend to focus on mitigation strat ...
... as medium- and long-term adaptation is a proactive response, it requires development of institutional arrangements and methodologies for gathering, storing, managing, and utilizing basic information on the target regions and sectors. Discussions about global warming tend to focus on mitigation strat ...
On the Current and Future Dry Spell Characteristics over Africa
... Although the use of RCMs over Africa is still in its infancy [15], efforts have been made to assess the main climatic features of Africa with regional models; Sun et al. [16,17] used RegCM2 from the National Center for Atmospheric Research to investigate precipitation over East Africa, while Patrico ...
... Although the use of RCMs over Africa is still in its infancy [15], efforts have been made to assess the main climatic features of Africa with regional models; Sun et al. [16,17] used RegCM2 from the National Center for Atmospheric Research to investigate precipitation over East Africa, while Patrico ...
Mammalian responses to climate change at the Paleocene
... zone fauna, and the classic Wa-0 fauna, all within an 86-k.y. interval of the CIE, means that the Paleocene-Eocene boundary interval on Polecat Bench requires more intensive study. As the vertebrate record improves it should be possible to study mammalian body size changes through the Wa-0 interval ...
... zone fauna, and the classic Wa-0 fauna, all within an 86-k.y. interval of the CIE, means that the Paleocene-Eocene boundary interval on Polecat Bench requires more intensive study. As the vertebrate record improves it should be possible to study mammalian body size changes through the Wa-0 interval ...
Please click here to see the list of ESS Academic Staff and their
... Ph.D.; Co-advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. İsmail Yücel (CE) 3-The South Stream Natural Gas Pipeline Project: Political, economical and environmental-social analysis of it in the perspective of Turkey, Russia and the EU trilateral energy relations, Ongoing; Kürşad Tosun, Ph.D.; Co-Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. ...
... Ph.D.; Co-advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. İsmail Yücel (CE) 3-The South Stream Natural Gas Pipeline Project: Political, economical and environmental-social analysis of it in the perspective of Turkey, Russia and the EU trilateral energy relations, Ongoing; Kürşad Tosun, Ph.D.; Co-Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. ...
Hydropower Vulnerability and Climate Change
... The main purpose of this study is to assess how climate change will impact global hydroelectric production. This assessment was carried out through an extensive literature review that investigated current trends in hydropower as well climate change effects predicted to influence hydroelectric produc ...
... The main purpose of this study is to assess how climate change will impact global hydroelectric production. This assessment was carried out through an extensive literature review that investigated current trends in hydropower as well climate change effects predicted to influence hydroelectric produc ...
Carbon on the Move
... made during photosynthesis to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is created through the process of respiration, which releases some carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. Many people do not realize how important soils are in carbon sequestration. Carbon is a major ingredient of soil, and as fi ...
... made during photosynthesis to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is created through the process of respiration, which releases some carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. Many people do not realize how important soils are in carbon sequestration. Carbon is a major ingredient of soil, and as fi ...
Mapping South African Farming
... yields losses (Erasmus et al. 2000; Poonyth et al. 2002). Other studies develop a more comprehensive analysis of the economic impacts by including adaptation options (Deressa 2003; Gbetibouo 2004; Gbetibouo and Hassan 2005; Benhin 2006). Based on predictions regarding the physiological responses of ...
... yields losses (Erasmus et al. 2000; Poonyth et al. 2002). Other studies develop a more comprehensive analysis of the economic impacts by including adaptation options (Deressa 2003; Gbetibouo 2004; Gbetibouo and Hassan 2005; Benhin 2006). Based on predictions regarding the physiological responses of ...
Transformational adaptation
... rebuilding to risk management and proactive action. With the approaching United Nations Climate Change Conference, due to be held in Paris, France, later this year, there is a global opportunity space for critical reflection of current practice and proactive, evidence-based dialogue and knowledge ex ...
... rebuilding to risk management and proactive action. With the approaching United Nations Climate Change Conference, due to be held in Paris, France, later this year, there is a global opportunity space for critical reflection of current practice and proactive, evidence-based dialogue and knowledge ex ...
IFinland`s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change
... The preparation of the National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change was started in the latter part of 2003. The work was coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and representatives from the Ministry of Traffic and Communications, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Ministry of Socia ...
... The preparation of the National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change was started in the latter part of 2003. The work was coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and representatives from the Ministry of Traffic and Communications, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Ministry of Socia ...
Global and regional drought dynamics in the climate warming era
... of insufficient water supply trigger an overheating of the canopy, which intensifies the impact of moisture shortage on vegetation. Drought warning is issued if VH values decrease below 40. The details of the algorithm are presented in Kogan (1997). 5. Unusual droughts in 2010–2011 In order to demon ...
... of insufficient water supply trigger an overheating of the canopy, which intensifies the impact of moisture shortage on vegetation. Drought warning is issued if VH values decrease below 40. The details of the algorithm are presented in Kogan (1997). 5. Unusual droughts in 2010–2011 In order to demon ...
Rewarding Energy Innovation to Achieve Climate Stabilization
... stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of GHGs will require even greater efforts, particularly if developing countries are to be afforded an opportunity to grow.9 If the United States is to come anywhere close to the “80 by 50” target, let alone the reductions necessary for atmospheric stabilization ...
... stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of GHGs will require even greater efforts, particularly if developing countries are to be afforded an opportunity to grow.9 If the United States is to come anywhere close to the “80 by 50” target, let alone the reductions necessary for atmospheric stabilization ...
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. (2010) Adapting Institutions to Climate Change, Twenty-eighth report
... The individual streams of analysis in this report build on important work done by others. The United Kingdom Climate Projections, updated in 2009 (UKCP09), have already set out the best currently available projections of climate change for different parts of the UK. And there is a rich literature in ...
... The individual streams of analysis in this report build on important work done by others. The United Kingdom Climate Projections, updated in 2009 (UKCP09), have already set out the best currently available projections of climate change for different parts of the UK. And there is a rich literature in ...
Climate change, growing season water deficit and vegetation activity
... promoted increases in plant growth in northern high latitudes that associate with a lengthening of the active growing season (Myneni et al., 1997). Subsequently, Nemani et al. (2003) found the largest net primary production (NPP) increase was in tropical forest owing to increased solar radiation. Re ...
... promoted increases in plant growth in northern high latitudes that associate with a lengthening of the active growing season (Myneni et al., 1997). Subsequently, Nemani et al. (2003) found the largest net primary production (NPP) increase was in tropical forest owing to increased solar radiation. Re ...
PDF
... (2013) on the total annual crop area seeded/harvested, summer fallow area, yield, and production of all the major crops grown in Canada by province at the crop district level (Figure 1). The time period coverage selected for this study was based on the availability of comparable spring wheat and can ...
... (2013) on the total annual crop area seeded/harvested, summer fallow area, yield, and production of all the major crops grown in Canada by province at the crop district level (Figure 1). The time period coverage selected for this study was based on the availability of comparable spring wheat and can ...
DOC - World bank documents
... mobilization of resources to support these efforts. Many countries have expressed their preference for forestry offsets, which are seen as an effective mechanism to channel carbon finance funding to developing countries capable of protecting their forests. To successfully accomplish this, challeng ...
... mobilization of resources to support these efforts. Many countries have expressed their preference for forestry offsets, which are seen as an effective mechanism to channel carbon finance funding to developing countries capable of protecting their forests. To successfully accomplish this, challeng ...
NDVI-based increase in growth of temperate grasslands and its
... vegetated regions, only grid cells with annual mean NDVI greater than 0.1 during the 18 year period were used in this study. Monthly climate data used in this study include temperature and precipitation data, produced by our research group, for the years 1982–1999 (Piao et al., 2003). These datasets ...
... vegetated regions, only grid cells with annual mean NDVI greater than 0.1 during the 18 year period were used in this study. Monthly climate data used in this study include temperature and precipitation data, produced by our research group, for the years 1982–1999 (Piao et al., 2003). These datasets ...
Land Use and Driving - Urban Land Institute
... This report summarizes the land use findings of these three in-depth studies and translates them into clear, accessible terms. We hope it will be a useful document for conversations from the national to the local scale about the role that changes in land use patterns can play in reducing long-term g ...
... This report summarizes the land use findings of these three in-depth studies and translates them into clear, accessible terms. We hope it will be a useful document for conversations from the national to the local scale about the role that changes in land use patterns can play in reducing long-term g ...
Fact-Checking Polarized Politics: Does The Fact
... whether racism is a declining force in American society or is still influential (or growing) in power; and whether the national debt is growing to a dangerous degree or remaining at a manageable level that will not cause major economic harm. Perceptions of these contested facts are not only divided ...
... whether racism is a declining force in American society or is still influential (or growing) in power; and whether the national debt is growing to a dangerous degree or remaining at a manageable level that will not cause major economic harm. Perceptions of these contested facts are not only divided ...
methods of modelling the future shift of the so called
... All three methods were applied on the REMO ENSEMBLES RT3 climate model (ENSEMBLES, 2012) which contains data of a 25-km horizontal grid cell resolution of Europe (170×190 points). The reference period was 1961-1990 and the forecasted periods were between 2011-2040 and 2041-2070 according to the A1B ...
... All three methods were applied on the REMO ENSEMBLES RT3 climate model (ENSEMBLES, 2012) which contains data of a 25-km horizontal grid cell resolution of Europe (170×190 points). The reference period was 1961-1990 and the forecasted periods were between 2011-2040 and 2041-2070 according to the A1B ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.