The role of mineral-dust aerosols in polar temperature amplification
... here for specific sites in Greenland and Antarctica is likely to be of similar amplitude in the rest of the polar regions covered by snow or ice. In the polar atmosphere, dust aerosols tend to cool the lower and warm the higher troposphere, thus increasing atmospheric stability, and therefore amplif ...
... here for specific sites in Greenland and Antarctica is likely to be of similar amplitude in the rest of the polar regions covered by snow or ice. In the polar atmosphere, dust aerosols tend to cool the lower and warm the higher troposphere, thus increasing atmospheric stability, and therefore amplif ...
EPA CLIMATE CHANGE ANPR – WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
... Potential (GWP) of CO2. Most of this comes from manure. And it accounts for respectively 37 per cent of all human-induced methane (23 times as warming as CO2), which is largely produced by the digestive system of ruminants, and 64 per cent of ammonia, which contributes significantly to acid rain. ...
... Potential (GWP) of CO2. Most of this comes from manure. And it accounts for respectively 37 per cent of all human-induced methane (23 times as warming as CO2), which is largely produced by the digestive system of ruminants, and 64 per cent of ammonia, which contributes significantly to acid rain. ...
Inuit women and environmental change: examining experiences
... studies. My conceptual framework is centered on the Vulnerability Approach of Ford and Smit (2004), with the Moser Framework (1993) and the Capabilities and Vulnerabilities Framework of Anderson and Woodrow (1989). Together, these frameworks will help to contextualize the different factors that impa ...
... studies. My conceptual framework is centered on the Vulnerability Approach of Ford and Smit (2004), with the Moser Framework (1993) and the Capabilities and Vulnerabilities Framework of Anderson and Woodrow (1989). Together, these frameworks will help to contextualize the different factors that impa ...
Adaptation to the infectious disease impacts of climate change
... laboratory confirmed. The incidence of TBE demonstrated a significant increasing trend in the country since the early 1990s, and the seasonal variations in TBE are related to climate variations (Daniel et al. 2011). The emerging disease situation led the Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology (CEM ...
... laboratory confirmed. The incidence of TBE demonstrated a significant increasing trend in the country since the early 1990s, and the seasonal variations in TBE are related to climate variations (Daniel et al. 2011). The emerging disease situation led the Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology (CEM ...
Robust Land–Ocean Contrasts in Energy and Water Cycle Feedbacks
... (RH) over land decreases with warming because precipitation and the hydrological cycle are governed primarily by transports of moisture from the oceans, where increases in lower-tropospheric temperature and saturated humidity fail to keep pace with those over land. Here, it is argued additionally th ...
... (RH) over land decreases with warming because precipitation and the hydrological cycle are governed primarily by transports of moisture from the oceans, where increases in lower-tropospheric temperature and saturated humidity fail to keep pace with those over land. Here, it is argued additionally th ...
In the Post-2012 Climate Regime
... they must operationalize and go beyond, in real, concrete and credible ways the financing and technology provisions of the climate treaties. Given that most industrialized countries have had limited success in meeting their Kyoto commitments, their grasp on the high ground in pressing developing cou ...
... they must operationalize and go beyond, in real, concrete and credible ways the financing and technology provisions of the climate treaties. Given that most industrialized countries have had limited success in meeting their Kyoto commitments, their grasp on the high ground in pressing developing cou ...
Warm climates of the past—a lesson for the future?
... estimate of approximately 1000 ppmv); taken along with our understanding of the physics of the atmosphere and radiation and the greenhouse effect, this is consistent with the idea that increases in CO2 can have a large influence on the Earth system. However, without well-constrained proxy evidence fo ...
... estimate of approximately 1000 ppmv); taken along with our understanding of the physics of the atmosphere and radiation and the greenhouse effect, this is consistent with the idea that increases in CO2 can have a large influence on the Earth system. However, without well-constrained proxy evidence fo ...
A new decision sciences for complex systems
... Robust Strategies for Climate Change Global climate change is perhaps our most intractable environmental problem. Most economic activities, and in particular, the burning of fossil fuels, increase the concentration of long-lived GHGs in the atmosphere. The scientific evidence has become compelling t ...
... Robust Strategies for Climate Change Global climate change is perhaps our most intractable environmental problem. Most economic activities, and in particular, the burning of fossil fuels, increase the concentration of long-lived GHGs in the atmosphere. The scientific evidence has become compelling t ...
Climate Change Projections for the United States Midwest
... other greenhouse gases (GHGs), aerosols and their precursor species are increasing steadily. Much of this increase is attributed to intensified human activity in agriculture, industry and energy. These sectors are traditional strongholds of the Midwestern economy, which currently produces over 25% o ...
... other greenhouse gases (GHGs), aerosols and their precursor species are increasing steadily. Much of this increase is attributed to intensified human activity in agriculture, industry and energy. These sectors are traditional strongholds of the Midwestern economy, which currently produces over 25% o ...
Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change
... differences that are not obtained in such experiments on landscapes with little or no high terrain 13. Finally, chemical weathering, enhanced by the increased exposure of minerals eroded rapidly from cold high altitudes and transported to warmer, moister low elevations, would absorb more carbon diox ...
... differences that are not obtained in such experiments on landscapes with little or no high terrain 13. Finally, chemical weathering, enhanced by the increased exposure of minerals eroded rapidly from cold high altitudes and transported to warmer, moister low elevations, would absorb more carbon diox ...
Climate change and international human rights litigation: A critical
... harm can be shown. One could also try to take advantage of international law. A handful of treaties and, possibly, norms of customary international law imply that states can be held responsible for emitting pollution that injures people living in other states, and one could argue that, if these rule ...
... harm can be shown. One could also try to take advantage of international law. A handful of treaties and, possibly, norms of customary international law imply that states can be held responsible for emitting pollution that injures people living in other states, and one could argue that, if these rule ...
Precipitation and temperature regime over Cyprus as a result of
... temperature closely resemble the observed records. The simulations are poorer in regions situated at higher altitudes. As far as the estimated precipitation is concerned, the model performed generally well, despite the fact that it tended to underestimate high precipitation amounts compared to the m ...
... temperature closely resemble the observed records. The simulations are poorer in regions situated at higher altitudes. As far as the estimated precipitation is concerned, the model performed generally well, despite the fact that it tended to underestimate high precipitation amounts compared to the m ...
to US agricultural resources A review of impacts
... to moderate temperature increases such as 2ºC to 3ºC (3.6ºF to 5.4ºF). However, once average global temperatures rise beyond about 4°C (7.2ºF), yields begin to fall. Increases in precipitation level, timing, and variability may benefit semi-arid and other water-short areas by increasing soil moistur ...
... to moderate temperature increases such as 2ºC to 3ºC (3.6ºF to 5.4ºF). However, once average global temperatures rise beyond about 4°C (7.2ºF), yields begin to fall. Increases in precipitation level, timing, and variability may benefit semi-arid and other water-short areas by increasing soil moistur ...
Regional climate change projections for Chicago and the US Great
... Toronto during hot summer months, as well as the record snowfalls experienced by Buffalo and its surrounding area during the winter. In the past, most climate variations in the Great Lakes region and around the world have been driven by natural factors such as changes in solar radiation, dust from v ...
... Toronto during hot summer months, as well as the record snowfalls experienced by Buffalo and its surrounding area during the winter. In the past, most climate variations in the Great Lakes region and around the world have been driven by natural factors such as changes in solar radiation, dust from v ...
to view presentation
... Lessons Learnt1. Research and modelling takes time and money 2. WIBI literacy needs to be conducted in several brief modules, through adult learning techniques/games and in local language; and should be continuing ...
... Lessons Learnt1. Research and modelling takes time and money 2. WIBI literacy needs to be conducted in several brief modules, through adult learning techniques/games and in local language; and should be continuing ...
The intensification and shift of the annual North Atlantic Oscillation in
... The model data come from a 240-yr integration of global coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice–land surface climate model under the transient greenhouse gas warming scenario. The model is the ECHAM4/OPYC3 CGCM, which is described in (and references therein Roeckner et al., 1996 and references therein), Ob ...
... The model data come from a 240-yr integration of global coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice–land surface climate model under the transient greenhouse gas warming scenario. The model is the ECHAM4/OPYC3 CGCM, which is described in (and references therein Roeckner et al., 1996 and references therein), Ob ...
Have disaster losses increased due to anthropogenic climate change?
... often not accurate (Downton and Pielke 2005; Gall et al. 2009), and most studies have focused on average losses, while changes and volatility of the greatest losses are not addressed. The scale of analysis is also an issue, as aggregating to regional or global level may have the advantage that local ...
... often not accurate (Downton and Pielke 2005; Gall et al. 2009), and most studies have focused on average losses, while changes and volatility of the greatest losses are not addressed. The scale of analysis is also an issue, as aggregating to regional or global level may have the advantage that local ...
Testing the robustness of the anthropogenic climate change detection statements using different empirical models
... about the observed climate changes, the signals of interest, and a representation of the residual internal variability of the climate system. As mentioned in section 1, our aim is to test the robustness of the anthropogenic climate change detection statements under different characterizations of int ...
... about the observed climate changes, the signals of interest, and a representation of the residual internal variability of the climate system. As mentioned in section 1, our aim is to test the robustness of the anthropogenic climate change detection statements under different characterizations of int ...
Today
... THE EARTH’S CLIMATE IS CHANGING There is unequivocal evidence that the Earth is warming. This warming can be seen in increases in global-average surface air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, rising sea level, and changes in many other climate-related variables and impacts. ...
... THE EARTH’S CLIMATE IS CHANGING There is unequivocal evidence that the Earth is warming. This warming can be seen in increases in global-average surface air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, rising sea level, and changes in many other climate-related variables and impacts. ...
Climate change - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
... altitude with a temperature of, on average, -19°C, in balance with the net incoming solar radiation, whereas the Earth’s surface is kept at a much higher temperature of, on average, +14°C. An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases leads to an increased infrared opacity of the atmosphere, ...
... altitude with a temperature of, on average, -19°C, in balance with the net incoming solar radiation, whereas the Earth’s surface is kept at a much higher temperature of, on average, +14°C. An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases leads to an increased infrared opacity of the atmosphere, ...
appeal to authority
... based on perception and have never been verified. Einstein’s equation e=mc2 is just as valid if stated by Al Gore as by Steven Chu, but only Chu would understand how this equation applies to CO2 and climate change, and Al Gore would only be able to accept what Chu states without being able to, or wi ...
... based on perception and have never been verified. Einstein’s equation e=mc2 is just as valid if stated by Al Gore as by Steven Chu, but only Chu would understand how this equation applies to CO2 and climate change, and Al Gore would only be able to accept what Chu states without being able to, or wi ...
skepticism-ce-footnotes
... Accepting the limits of probabilistic methods and refusing to make probabilistic forecasts where those limits are exceeded, originates, ultimately, from the virtue of truthfulness, and from the requirements of scientific policy advice in a democratic society.’ My reading of all this is that it is no ...
... Accepting the limits of probabilistic methods and refusing to make probabilistic forecasts where those limits are exceeded, originates, ultimately, from the virtue of truthfulness, and from the requirements of scientific policy advice in a democratic society.’ My reading of all this is that it is no ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.