Environmental prices, uncertainty, and learning
... Environmental economics has of course to contend with model uncertainty in representing both the economy and the environment. Moreover, perhaps the greatest source of model uncertainty is the crucial linkage between the two, specifically how the environment provides economic value, where the modelli ...
... Environmental economics has of course to contend with model uncertainty in representing both the economy and the environment. Moreover, perhaps the greatest source of model uncertainty is the crucial linkage between the two, specifically how the environment provides economic value, where the modelli ...
1950-2100
... project several RCMs runs have been produced at a high horizontal resolution (25km). The control run represents the base period 1961-1990 ...
... project several RCMs runs have been produced at a high horizontal resolution (25km). The control run represents the base period 1961-1990 ...
Earth`s Climate
... reflective than ocean water, so larger ice sheets reflect more sunlight into space, cooling the Earth even more. In turn, this cooling would lead to even more ice than before. This vicious cycle between colder temperatures, ice growth, and sunlight reflection is an example of a feedback loop. Feedba ...
... reflective than ocean water, so larger ice sheets reflect more sunlight into space, cooling the Earth even more. In turn, this cooling would lead to even more ice than before. This vicious cycle between colder temperatures, ice growth, and sunlight reflection is an example of a feedback loop. Feedba ...
Titel
... Allianz Capital Partners is investing parts of life insurance premiums into wind farms across Europe (€500 M in next 5 years). ...
... Allianz Capital Partners is investing parts of life insurance premiums into wind farms across Europe (€500 M in next 5 years). ...
Fear Won`t Do It - Center for Science and Technology Policy Research
... reinsurance difficulties (e.g., Munich Re, 2004). These impacts are often forecast as a smooth, linear progression. However, Lenton et al. (2008) highlight that this may not be the case, illustrating the concept that the Earth’s system may pass “tipping points” in the Earth system. Both mitigation a ...
... reinsurance difficulties (e.g., Munich Re, 2004). These impacts are often forecast as a smooth, linear progression. However, Lenton et al. (2008) highlight that this may not be the case, illustrating the concept that the Earth’s system may pass “tipping points” in the Earth system. Both mitigation a ...
OZONE AND CARBON DIOXIDE
... We have recently seen increases in these diseases. There are still no holes in the ozone but there is an area over Antarctica where due to natural conditions ozone levels are approximately 1/3 of the global average. This area varies in size from year to year also because of natural conditions. Scien ...
... We have recently seen increases in these diseases. There are still no holes in the ozone but there is an area over Antarctica where due to natural conditions ozone levels are approximately 1/3 of the global average. This area varies in size from year to year also because of natural conditions. Scien ...
The CAFO Hothouse - DerechoAnimal.info
... The few remaining family farms represent a small and dwindling share of the agricultural market. As of 2003, four industrial producers controlled 82 percent of the cattle produced in the United States, 75 percent of the hogs and sheep, and 50 percent of the chickens. The metamorphosis of small, dive ...
... The few remaining family farms represent a small and dwindling share of the agricultural market. As of 2003, four industrial producers controlled 82 percent of the cattle produced in the United States, 75 percent of the hogs and sheep, and 50 percent of the chickens. The metamorphosis of small, dive ...
The Implications of Climate Change for the Insurance
... somwhere they could go should there be a prolonged drought in their area. In times of plenty, the aborigines would have great feasts, called “corroborees” where they invited other clans to come and share in their good fortune. In effect “paying a premium” for protection when times were hard. It is p ...
... somwhere they could go should there be a prolonged drought in their area. In times of plenty, the aborigines would have great feasts, called “corroborees” where they invited other clans to come and share in their good fortune. In effect “paying a premium” for protection when times were hard. It is p ...
Document
... • In some countries, tax-based policies specifically aimed at reducing GHG emissions–alongside technology and other policies–have helped to weaken the link between GHG emissions and GDP. ...
... • In some countries, tax-based policies specifically aimed at reducing GHG emissions–alongside technology and other policies–have helped to weaken the link between GHG emissions and GDP. ...
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change: Concepts, Issues
... It has become common knowledge that the poor are likely to be hit hardest by climate change, and that capacity to respond to climate change is lowest in developing countries and among the poorest people in those countries. It seems clear that vulnerability to climate change is closely related to pov ...
... It has become common knowledge that the poor are likely to be hit hardest by climate change, and that capacity to respond to climate change is lowest in developing countries and among the poorest people in those countries. It seems clear that vulnerability to climate change is closely related to pov ...
Section 4: Investigating the changing environment
... Levels of GHGs have gone up and down over the Earth's history, but they have been fairly constant for the past few thousand years. Global average temperatures have stayed fairly constant over that time as well, until recently. Through the burning of fossil fuels and other GHG emissions, humans are e ...
... Levels of GHGs have gone up and down over the Earth's history, but they have been fairly constant for the past few thousand years. Global average temperatures have stayed fairly constant over that time as well, until recently. Through the burning of fossil fuels and other GHG emissions, humans are e ...
Prospect Theory, Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change
... adaptation activities by the framing of climate change. More concretely, those who perceive the current climate as the reference point tend to ascribe a higher value to climate action than those who have already shifted their reference point to the future climate. This and related effects will be fu ...
... adaptation activities by the framing of climate change. More concretely, those who perceive the current climate as the reference point tend to ascribe a higher value to climate action than those who have already shifted their reference point to the future climate. This and related effects will be fu ...
Global Climate Change and Wetlands: Issues and Awareness by
... changes are the result of anthropogenic activities . It is important to assess to the best of our ability to what extent such changes are natural and/or anthropogenic - as this will shape how society will deal with the issue. For example, if it were assumed that global change is a cyclical phenomena ...
... changes are the result of anthropogenic activities . It is important to assess to the best of our ability to what extent such changes are natural and/or anthropogenic - as this will shape how society will deal with the issue. For example, if it were assumed that global change is a cyclical phenomena ...
Applying the VFM framework to business case design and appraisal
... There is a significant degree of uncertainty associated with climate change and impacts. This is in part due to uncertainty about future emission GHG pathways, but also due to differences between the different climate models and the difficulty in projecting complex effects such as rainfall. As a res ...
... There is a significant degree of uncertainty associated with climate change and impacts. This is in part due to uncertainty about future emission GHG pathways, but also due to differences between the different climate models and the difficulty in projecting complex effects such as rainfall. As a res ...
OESCHGER, HANS (b. Ottenbach, Zürich, Switzerland, 2 April 1927
... increase of CO2 could represent such a perturbation. As acknowledged by Wallace Broecker in 1997, this paved the way for more than two decades of intensive research on abrupt climate change (Alley, et al. 2002). Carrying Global-Change Research Further. Hans Oeschger was an experimental physicist by ...
... increase of CO2 could represent such a perturbation. As acknowledged by Wallace Broecker in 1997, this paved the way for more than two decades of intensive research on abrupt climate change (Alley, et al. 2002). Carrying Global-Change Research Further. Hans Oeschger was an experimental physicist by ...
to open - Gifted Leadership Services
... Netherlands and Germany have done the same. This provided supermarkets with an incentive to participate in the sustainable seafood campaign. World Park Antarctica – Since 1985, Greenpeace has worked very hard to keep Antarctica free from human interference to preserve the natural habitat. At last, ...
... Netherlands and Germany have done the same. This provided supermarkets with an incentive to participate in the sustainable seafood campaign. World Park Antarctica – Since 1985, Greenpeace has worked very hard to keep Antarctica free from human interference to preserve the natural habitat. At last, ...
Item 9 Climate and Greenhouse Gases Baseline Report
... Climate is the statistical average and variability of meteorological phenomena in a region over an extended period of time. Climate is an important variable in the atmospheric environment for many reasons, including its impact on the atmospheric fate and transport of constituents such as air contami ...
... Climate is the statistical average and variability of meteorological phenomena in a region over an extended period of time. Climate is an important variable in the atmospheric environment for many reasons, including its impact on the atmospheric fate and transport of constituents such as air contami ...
PDF
... the effects, for the Murray-Darling Basin, of proportional reductions in inflows and of an increase in the frequency of drought. The paper is organised as follows. Section 1 deals with climate change and uncertainty, and introduces a number of distinctions that are important in understanding the iss ...
... the effects, for the Murray-Darling Basin, of proportional reductions in inflows and of an increase in the frequency of drought. The paper is organised as follows. Section 1 deals with climate change and uncertainty, and introduces a number of distinctions that are important in understanding the iss ...
Global Perspectives and Project Work, Grade 11. Term 1 Climate
... AGAINST: Others believe global warming to be a myth and any actions taken in response to global warming will be harmful to the economy and therefore society as a whole. IPCC draws conclusions from Climate models with acknowledged weakness in cloud physics schemes. There is a difference between corr ...
... AGAINST: Others believe global warming to be a myth and any actions taken in response to global warming will be harmful to the economy and therefore society as a whole. IPCC draws conclusions from Climate models with acknowledged weakness in cloud physics schemes. There is a difference between corr ...
Source control as an adaptation measure to
... and Dickinson, 1988) for the typical urban land uses previously defined. Statistical analyses of runoff volumes and peak discharges simulated using historical rainfall events were then performed. Finally, different temporal patterns were tested for each land use to determine which temporal patterns ...
... and Dickinson, 1988) for the typical urban land uses previously defined. Statistical analyses of runoff volumes and peak discharges simulated using historical rainfall events were then performed. Finally, different temporal patterns were tested for each land use to determine which temporal patterns ...
Marine Climate Change in Australia
... 3-5 oC above normal and remained substantially elevated for several weeks (Pearce et al. 2011). For example, in Cockburn Sound – one of the largest and most valuable embayments in Australia – significant warming to depths of 20 m persisted for ~8 weeks, while dissolved oxygen levels were also deplet ...
... 3-5 oC above normal and remained substantially elevated for several weeks (Pearce et al. 2011). For example, in Cockburn Sound – one of the largest and most valuable embayments in Australia – significant warming to depths of 20 m persisted for ~8 weeks, while dissolved oxygen levels were also deplet ...
Eurasian Arctic greening reveals teleconnections and the potential
... tundra shrub cover and growth in recent decades1–3 on the basis of significant relationships between deciduous shrub growth/biomass and temperature3–7 . These vegetation trends have been linked to Arctic sea-ice decline5 and thus to the sea-ice/albedo feedback known as Arctic amplification8 . Howeve ...
... tundra shrub cover and growth in recent decades1–3 on the basis of significant relationships between deciduous shrub growth/biomass and temperature3–7 . These vegetation trends have been linked to Arctic sea-ice decline5 and thus to the sea-ice/albedo feedback known as Arctic amplification8 . Howeve ...
- Northumbria Research Link
... Table 1 shows the collective population of all cities with populations over 40,000 from 3300BC to AD1900 (Chandler 1989; Modelski 2003). Inputs for 40,000 people to eat, work and play requires a social reproduction logistics at a whole new scale, not to mention the outputs, both waste and exports. I ...
... Table 1 shows the collective population of all cities with populations over 40,000 from 3300BC to AD1900 (Chandler 1989; Modelski 2003). Inputs for 40,000 people to eat, work and play requires a social reproduction logistics at a whole new scale, not to mention the outputs, both waste and exports. I ...
US Climate Engagement - Skoll Global Threats Fund
... Acknowledge that it is NOT just about the science. “Acknowledge that science is only an input to policy making: Science, by its very nature, can illuminate areas in which public policy ought to be made but, at least in a democracy, it cannot — and should never — be able to determine public policy b ...
... Acknowledge that it is NOT just about the science. “Acknowledge that science is only an input to policy making: Science, by its very nature, can illuminate areas in which public policy ought to be made but, at least in a democracy, it cannot — and should never — be able to determine public policy b ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.