CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES
... The rapid change in climate is also harmful on nature. Coral reefs can only grow in shallow waters and under certain temperatures. If the sea level rises too rapidly or water warms up too much, many corals will die along with the numerous species that live on them. A rise in sea level could destroy ...
... The rapid change in climate is also harmful on nature. Coral reefs can only grow in shallow waters and under certain temperatures. If the sea level rises too rapidly or water warms up too much, many corals will die along with the numerous species that live on them. A rise in sea level could destroy ...
PBL rapport 500114012 Meeting the 2 degrees Celsius target
... the implementation of policy packages aiming at zero-carbon energy options, energy efficiency, reducing non-CO 2 emissions, avoiding deforestation, and lifestyle changes. On a global level, the overall macroeconomic impacts are expected to be modest, although considerable investments are needed. ...
... the implementation of policy packages aiming at zero-carbon energy options, energy efficiency, reducing non-CO 2 emissions, avoiding deforestation, and lifestyle changes. On a global level, the overall macroeconomic impacts are expected to be modest, although considerable investments are needed. ...
The global hydrological cycle and energy budget under climate
... and this leads to large anomalies in surface temperature, precipitation and sea ice area extent. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that the low agreement among different climate models about precipitation projections is partly caused by the large internal variability. Further, it is shown how differ ...
... and this leads to large anomalies in surface temperature, precipitation and sea ice area extent. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that the low agreement among different climate models about precipitation projections is partly caused by the large internal variability. Further, it is shown how differ ...
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... a deeper integration with the EU is reported to provide higher levels of gain for Turkey. Such actions as: improving EU market access (Harrison et al., 1997), the abolition of nontariff barriers by Turkey (Mercenier et al., 1997; Zahariadis, 2002), the inclusion of Turkey in the CAP support system ( ...
... a deeper integration with the EU is reported to provide higher levels of gain for Turkey. Such actions as: improving EU market access (Harrison et al., 1997), the abolition of nontariff barriers by Turkey (Mercenier et al., 1997; Zahariadis, 2002), the inclusion of Turkey in the CAP support system ( ...
On multiple solutions of the atmosphere–vegetation system in
... roughness length should not exceed 2.0 m on average of the grid cell. Furthermore, the water surface (which is a surface of very low albedo) should not cover more than 10% of a grid cell. Hence in this study sand desert is computed from this (ad hoc) scheme rather than prescribed by using a sand des ...
... roughness length should not exceed 2.0 m on average of the grid cell. Furthermore, the water surface (which is a surface of very low albedo) should not cover more than 10% of a grid cell. Hence in this study sand desert is computed from this (ad hoc) scheme rather than prescribed by using a sand des ...
MuniFin Second Opinion Cicero
... Overall, MuniFin’s Green Bond Framework provides a clear and sound framework for climatefriendly investments. The framework lists eligible categories of projects that are supportive of the objective of promoting a transition to low-carbon and climate-resilient growth and is supported by a strong gov ...
... Overall, MuniFin’s Green Bond Framework provides a clear and sound framework for climatefriendly investments. The framework lists eligible categories of projects that are supportive of the objective of promoting a transition to low-carbon and climate-resilient growth and is supported by a strong gov ...
Migration, Environment and Climate Change
... The Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently acknowledged that migration can be an effective adaptation strategy to environmental and climate change (IPCC, 2014). In a similar vein, the European Commission’s Staff Working Document (2013:26) on Climate ...
... The Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently acknowledged that migration can be an effective adaptation strategy to environmental and climate change (IPCC, 2014). In a similar vein, the European Commission’s Staff Working Document (2013:26) on Climate ...
Understanding land surface response to changing South Asian
... investigated by performing two long-term simulation experiments, with and without anthropogenic forcing, using a variable resolution global climate model having high-resolution zooming over the South Asian region. The present results indicate that anthropogenic effects have considerably influenced t ...
... investigated by performing two long-term simulation experiments, with and without anthropogenic forcing, using a variable resolution global climate model having high-resolution zooming over the South Asian region. The present results indicate that anthropogenic effects have considerably influenced t ...
Climate Change Impacts on International Seaports
... decades, an average of 130 ports were hit or brushed by a tropical cyclone each year (Figs. 1, 2). In a 2007 study, Nicholls et al. analyzed 136 port cities around the world to quantify current and future exposure to a 1-in-100 year flooding event. Their findings suggest that many of these areas hav ...
... decades, an average of 130 ports were hit or brushed by a tropical cyclone each year (Figs. 1, 2). In a 2007 study, Nicholls et al. analyzed 136 port cities around the world to quantify current and future exposure to a 1-in-100 year flooding event. Their findings suggest that many of these areas hav ...
Report Gas Greenhouse
... Constituent gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere are called “greenhouse gases” (GHGs), analogous to the way a greenhouse retains heat. GHGs play a critical role in the Earth’s radiation budget by trapping infrared radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface, which would otherwise have esc ...
... Constituent gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere are called “greenhouse gases” (GHGs), analogous to the way a greenhouse retains heat. GHGs play a critical role in the Earth’s radiation budget by trapping infrared radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface, which would otherwise have esc ...
Climate change and tourism: Where will the journey
... in the recent past. These include the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, which disturbed air travel, as well as those in tourist destinations such as Bali (2002 and 2005), Djerba (2002), Morocco (2003) and Egypt (1997, 2005 und 2006) and in the important tourist cities of Istanbul (2003), Madri ...
... in the recent past. These include the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, which disturbed air travel, as well as those in tourist destinations such as Bali (2002 and 2005), Djerba (2002), Morocco (2003) and Egypt (1997, 2005 und 2006) and in the important tourist cities of Istanbul (2003), Madri ...
SoG for Climate Applications
... basic requirements for observational data that apply to both GCOS and non-GCOS variables and stations alike (e.g., the need for data backups, and ongoing collaboration between observers and climate staff). Adherence to the GCOS Climate Monitoring Principles (Annex 1) is mandatory for GCOS or other s ...
... basic requirements for observational data that apply to both GCOS and non-GCOS variables and stations alike (e.g., the need for data backups, and ongoing collaboration between observers and climate staff). Adherence to the GCOS Climate Monitoring Principles (Annex 1) is mandatory for GCOS or other s ...
10 Years of Advancing Knowledge on the Global Carbon Cycle and
... The Global Carbon Project (GCP) was established in 2001 in recognition of the enormous scientific challenge and critical nature of the carbon cycle for the Earth’s sustainability. It was formed to establish a framework for international coordinated research on the global carbon cycle that advances f ...
... The Global Carbon Project (GCP) was established in 2001 in recognition of the enormous scientific challenge and critical nature of the carbon cycle for the Earth’s sustainability. It was formed to establish a framework for international coordinated research on the global carbon cycle that advances f ...
Working with Nature to Tackle Climate Change
... from the perspective of European nature conservation agencies. The members of ENCA play a key role in the management, conservation and restoration of ecosystems in Europe, as well as in the development and implementation of environmental policy. As such we have knowledge and expertise to support the ...
... from the perspective of European nature conservation agencies. The members of ENCA play a key role in the management, conservation and restoration of ecosystems in Europe, as well as in the development and implementation of environmental policy. As such we have knowledge and expertise to support the ...
995
... location, a condition shown to cause bleaching in laboratory conditions (Glynn and D’Croz, 1990). The cumulative effect of these extremes is then calculated using a running sum of 96 days (e.g. Peñaflor et al., 2009). DHW is now the most widely used method for predicting patterns of coral bleaching ...
... location, a condition shown to cause bleaching in laboratory conditions (Glynn and D’Croz, 1990). The cumulative effect of these extremes is then calculated using a running sum of 96 days (e.g. Peñaflor et al., 2009). DHW is now the most widely used method for predicting patterns of coral bleaching ...
Impact of Population Growth and Climate Change on the Freshwater
... Groundwater is being extensively used to supplement the available surface water in order to meet this ever-increasing water demand in the world, especially in Africa, where groundwater is a major source of drinking water. Despite this, there is little quantitative information on groundwater resource ...
... Groundwater is being extensively used to supplement the available surface water in order to meet this ever-increasing water demand in the world, especially in Africa, where groundwater is a major source of drinking water. Despite this, there is little quantitative information on groundwater resource ...
Climate Change and College Students
... be effective in promoting attitude change. However, in the case of climate change, attitude change about human’s role in global warming is not sufficient. That is, if everyone believes that the planet is warming, but individuals do not take actions to reduce their ‘‘carbon footprint,’’ then persuasi ...
... be effective in promoting attitude change. However, in the case of climate change, attitude change about human’s role in global warming is not sufficient. That is, if everyone believes that the planet is warming, but individuals do not take actions to reduce their ‘‘carbon footprint,’’ then persuasi ...
Coastal Climate Change Adaptive management of beaches and
... Our coasts and seas are subject to manifold changes and increasing pressure during this century. Climate change is one of the most important challenges. Increasing water and air temperatures, sea level rise, and changes in wind pattern and storm likelihood are directly affecting coasts and seas. Our ...
... Our coasts and seas are subject to manifold changes and increasing pressure during this century. Climate change is one of the most important challenges. Increasing water and air temperatures, sea level rise, and changes in wind pattern and storm likelihood are directly affecting coasts and seas. Our ...
Plankton dynamics under different climatic conditions in space and
... food web has been recognised, resulting in a perhaps more nuanced view on plankton seasonality (Jeppesen et al., 1997). Improved knowledge about winter conditions and about shifts in response to recent climate change has opened a debate about one of the basic assumptions underlying the original PEG ...
... food web has been recognised, resulting in a perhaps more nuanced view on plankton seasonality (Jeppesen et al., 1997). Improved knowledge about winter conditions and about shifts in response to recent climate change has opened a debate about one of the basic assumptions underlying the original PEG ...
Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook MODULE 12: Local institutions
... • Identify the main vulnerabilities in local agricultural and food systems, and the most vulnerable households. • Consider and select the most locally appropriate innovations (both institutional and technical) from the range of potential climate-smart practices. • Relay rapidly throughout the com ...
... • Identify the main vulnerabilities in local agricultural and food systems, and the most vulnerable households. • Consider and select the most locally appropriate innovations (both institutional and technical) from the range of potential climate-smart practices. • Relay rapidly throughout the com ...
The Ocean in a High-CO2 World
... Ocean acidification is underway … is already detectable … is accelerating and severe damages are imminent … will have socioeconomic impacts … is rapid, but recovery will be slow. … Ocean acidification can be controlled only by limiting future atmospheric CO2 levels. Despite a seemingly bleak outlook ...
... Ocean acidification is underway … is already detectable … is accelerating and severe damages are imminent … will have socioeconomic impacts … is rapid, but recovery will be slow. … Ocean acidification can be controlled only by limiting future atmospheric CO2 levels. Despite a seemingly bleak outlook ...
Final Report Climate change and Wetlands.doc
... their higher sensitivity to climate change and limited capacity for adaptation (Carpenter et al. 1992; Firth and Fisher 1992; Lake et al. 2000; Lodge 2001; Poff et al. 2002; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005), coastal and inland wetlands have been identified as among the ecosystems most vulnerabl ...
... their higher sensitivity to climate change and limited capacity for adaptation (Carpenter et al. 1992; Firth and Fisher 1992; Lake et al. 2000; Lodge 2001; Poff et al. 2002; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005), coastal and inland wetlands have been identified as among the ecosystems most vulnerabl ...
Solar Influences on Climate
... where A is the Earth’s albedo and ITS is the total solar irradiance (TSI), i.e., the total electromagnetic power per unit area of cross section arriving at the mean distance of Earth from the Sun (149,597,890 km). The factor of 4 arises since the Earth intercepts pR2EITS solar energy per unit time ( ...
... where A is the Earth’s albedo and ITS is the total solar irradiance (TSI), i.e., the total electromagnetic power per unit area of cross section arriving at the mean distance of Earth from the Sun (149,597,890 km). The factor of 4 arises since the Earth intercepts pR2EITS solar energy per unit time ( ...
Climate Change Impacts on Wetlands in Victoria and Implications for
... their higher sensitivity to climate change and limited capacity for adaptation (Carpenter et al. 1992; Firth and Fisher 1992; Lake et al. 2000; Lodge 2001; Poff et al. 2002; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005), coastal and inland wetlands have been identified as among the ecosystems most vulnerabl ...
... their higher sensitivity to climate change and limited capacity for adaptation (Carpenter et al. 1992; Firth and Fisher 1992; Lake et al. 2000; Lodge 2001; Poff et al. 2002; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005), coastal and inland wetlands have been identified as among the ecosystems most vulnerabl ...
declining mountain snowpack in western north america
... temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), and 1930, . . . 1960), but in the interest of space we focus precipitation are the only variables needed; for this on 1 April 1950–97 (Fig. 1). For the model, trends are study, a new meteorological dataset has been devel- not shown at low elevations, w ...
... temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), and 1930, . . . 1960), but in the interest of space we focus precipitation are the only variables needed; for this on 1 April 1950–97 (Fig. 1). For the model, trends are study, a new meteorological dataset has been devel- not shown at low elevations, w ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.