KWP 1808
... pathways consistent with the 2 oC target. Furthermore, six energy-economic models are used to determine changes to the energy system and national costs of climate policy. These models differ in two important dimensions: they are either global or national models and they are either energy system mode ...
... pathways consistent with the 2 oC target. Furthermore, six energy-economic models are used to determine changes to the energy system and national costs of climate policy. These models differ in two important dimensions: they are either global or national models and they are either energy system mode ...
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... policy by an estimated 10-25% depending on which tropical countries participate and whether the “banking” of excess credits for use in future periods is allowed. As a result, REDD could enable additional reductions of at least 20 ppmv of CO2-equivalent concentrations with no added costs compared to ...
... policy by an estimated 10-25% depending on which tropical countries participate and whether the “banking” of excess credits for use in future periods is allowed. As a result, REDD could enable additional reductions of at least 20 ppmv of CO2-equivalent concentrations with no added costs compared to ...
Ecological controls on net ecosystem productivity of a seasonally dry
... Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of seasonally dry grasslands in Mediterranean climate zones is determined by the duration and intensity of rainy vs. dry seasons. Precipitation in these zones is expected to decline with climate change during the next century, possibly reducing NEP. Ecosystem models ...
... Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of seasonally dry grasslands in Mediterranean climate zones is determined by the duration and intensity of rainy vs. dry seasons. Precipitation in these zones is expected to decline with climate change during the next century, possibly reducing NEP. Ecosystem models ...
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... mitigation costs and ignore the option of adaptation or at best treat it implicitly as part of the damage estimate.i Tol and Fankhauser (1998) survey the IAM literature and conclude that in the majority of the models adaptation is not included; this situation has hardly improved since then. Further ...
... mitigation costs and ignore the option of adaptation or at best treat it implicitly as part of the damage estimate.i Tol and Fankhauser (1998) survey the IAM literature and conclude that in the majority of the models adaptation is not included; this situation has hardly improved since then. Further ...
Temperature change and its effects on the Great Lakes climate
... in the northern hemisphere which would trigger a higher sea level. The sea could increase 1-2 feet on average by the year 2100. This could cause a significant problem for low lying areas. Also, there is a debatable theory of more extreme weather across the globe. More extreme weather could be classi ...
... in the northern hemisphere which would trigger a higher sea level. The sea could increase 1-2 feet on average by the year 2100. This could cause a significant problem for low lying areas. Also, there is a debatable theory of more extreme weather across the globe. More extreme weather could be classi ...
The importance of ENSO phase during volcanic eruptions
... 2012]. This issue is exacerbated by volcanic forcing, which causes a GMST response on a similar timescale as ENSO, with tropical Pacific surface temperatures dominating the initial response in GMST. Hence, the effect of volcanic forcing can be confounded by the chance coincidence of an ENSO event [Sa ...
... 2012]. This issue is exacerbated by volcanic forcing, which causes a GMST response on a similar timescale as ENSO, with tropical Pacific surface temperatures dominating the initial response in GMST. Hence, the effect of volcanic forcing can be confounded by the chance coincidence of an ENSO event [Sa ...
Climate Change Helplessness and Efficacy
... climate change feels wholly unmatched to the size of our individual actions. It is hard to imagine, for example, that turning up the air conditioning on a hot day has anything to do with the average global temperature and its harmful consequences for life on our planet. Even when we do make energy-c ...
... climate change feels wholly unmatched to the size of our individual actions. It is hard to imagine, for example, that turning up the air conditioning on a hot day has anything to do with the average global temperature and its harmful consequences for life on our planet. Even when we do make energy-c ...
response of plant pathogens and herbivores to a warming experiment
... There is increasing evidence for global climate change as a result of anthropogenic production of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (IPCC 2001). One of the major ecological consequences of climate change is that vegetation over large areas is predicted to change dramatically because plants are sensitiv ...
... There is increasing evidence for global climate change as a result of anthropogenic production of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (IPCC 2001). One of the major ecological consequences of climate change is that vegetation over large areas is predicted to change dramatically because plants are sensitiv ...
Adaptation in Action - American Public Health Association
... to develop a Heat Wave Disaster Response Plan, which is an official annex to the city’s Emergency Operation Plan. The heat wave plan includes issuing public advisories, notifying hospitals and health care facilities, and ...
... to develop a Heat Wave Disaster Response Plan, which is an official annex to the city’s Emergency Operation Plan. The heat wave plan includes issuing public advisories, notifying hospitals and health care facilities, and ...
Urbanization and climate change impacts on future urban flooding in
... the nature of the impact is well understood. For urban planning and disaster preparedness, the quantitative assessment of the increase of flood hazards is important. From a research point of view, this quantification is relatively simple regarding the impact of a single influencing variable (e.g. fl ...
... the nature of the impact is well understood. For urban planning and disaster preparedness, the quantitative assessment of the increase of flood hazards is important. From a research point of view, this quantification is relatively simple regarding the impact of a single influencing variable (e.g. fl ...
Sensitivity of East Asian Climate to the Progressive Uplift and
... to TP100 with respect to TP00 is similar to the annual mean. However, summer cooling over and around the TP is relatively stronger. Furthermore, the warming over Central Asia and most parts of Africa also appears during summer in the experiments TP50 to TP100 like the annual mean, but with a much la ...
... to TP100 with respect to TP00 is similar to the annual mean. However, summer cooling over and around the TP is relatively stronger. Furthermore, the warming over Central Asia and most parts of Africa also appears during summer in the experiments TP50 to TP100 like the annual mean, but with a much la ...
CLIMATE CHANGE HELPLESSNESS 1 Running head: CLIMATE
... climate change feels wholly unmatched to the size of our individual actions. It is hard to imagine, for example, that turning up the air conditioning on a hot day has anything to do with the average global temperature and its harmful consequences for life on our planet. Even when we do make energy-c ...
... climate change feels wholly unmatched to the size of our individual actions. It is hard to imagine, for example, that turning up the air conditioning on a hot day has anything to do with the average global temperature and its harmful consequences for life on our planet. Even when we do make energy-c ...
A simple carbon cycle representation for
... (See e.g. Goodess et al, 2003). Care must be taken however to ensure that simplifications do not produce inaccurate behavior that can affect damage estimates. Many simple IAMs use a linearized representation of ocean carbon uptake (for review, see Hof et al, 2012; van Vuuren et al, 2011), but linear ...
... (See e.g. Goodess et al, 2003). Care must be taken however to ensure that simplifications do not produce inaccurate behavior that can affect damage estimates. Many simple IAMs use a linearized representation of ocean carbon uptake (for review, see Hof et al, 2012; van Vuuren et al, 2011), but linear ...
An Independent National Adaptation Programme for England (625 kB) (opens in new window)
... through a coordinated and strategic approach. Dealing with climate risks is not new. However, adaptation to climate change poses several new challenges: • The first new challenge is that climate risk can no longer be assumed to be constant. Policy must shift toward a forward-looking risk management ...
... through a coordinated and strategic approach. Dealing with climate risks is not new. However, adaptation to climate change poses several new challenges: • The first new challenge is that climate risk can no longer be assumed to be constant. Policy must shift toward a forward-looking risk management ...
WaterfoWl and WetlandS amid Climate Change
... While there are no practical, global solutions for protecting wetlands as a whole from increasing temperatures, changes in precipitation, or rapidly rising sea level – there are a variety of management measures that can be applied to increase the resiliency of specific wetlands or to reduce or parti ...
... While there are no practical, global solutions for protecting wetlands as a whole from increasing temperatures, changes in precipitation, or rapidly rising sea level – there are a variety of management measures that can be applied to increase the resiliency of specific wetlands or to reduce or parti ...
Thomas Sheffer Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of
... emissions cannot prevent and to which society will need to adjust. Adaptation accepts that some degree of future climate change is inevitable, regardless of mitigation efforts. As defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), “adaptation practices refer to actual adjustments, or c ...
... emissions cannot prevent and to which society will need to adjust. Adaptation accepts that some degree of future climate change is inevitable, regardless of mitigation efforts. As defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), “adaptation practices refer to actual adjustments, or c ...
From Davos to Copenhagen and Beyond
... The environmental and economic risks of the magnitude of climate change projected for the 21st century are considerable and have featured prominently in recent international policy debatesviii. The IPCCix concluded, with very high confidence, that climate change would imped ...
... The environmental and economic risks of the magnitude of climate change projected for the 21st century are considerable and have featured prominently in recent international policy debatesviii. The IPCCix concluded, with very high confidence, that climate change would imped ...
adaptation planning developing resilience to climate change in the
... about the level and extent of the likely impacts, an exacerbation of existing vulnerabilities is to be expected. The impacts of climate change are now being observed across all continents and oceans (IPCC, 2014). Adaptation planning is crucial for the It is vital that we seek to futuretransport sect ...
... about the level and extent of the likely impacts, an exacerbation of existing vulnerabilities is to be expected. The impacts of climate change are now being observed across all continents and oceans (IPCC, 2014). Adaptation planning is crucial for the It is vital that we seek to futuretransport sect ...
African Americans and Climate Change: An
... African American workers are likely to be laid off disproportionately due to the economic instability caused by climate change. In general, economic transitions strike hardest at those without resources or savings to adapt. In the United States, drought, sea level rise, and the higher temperatures a ...
... African American workers are likely to be laid off disproportionately due to the economic instability caused by climate change. In general, economic transitions strike hardest at those without resources or savings to adapt. In the United States, drought, sea level rise, and the higher temperatures a ...
ADDENDUM: Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States AD
... marginally higher than the global average, with a concentration of warming in the winter and in higher latitudes. Reducing U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide, even by over 80 percent, will have no measurable effect on global mean surface temperature or other climate-change-related phenomena within any ...
... marginally higher than the global average, with a concentration of warming in the winter and in higher latitudes. Reducing U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide, even by over 80 percent, will have no measurable effect on global mean surface temperature or other climate-change-related phenomena within any ...
Responses of runoff to historical and future climate variability over
... deviation ratio across China are displayed in Figure 3(a) and (b). As shown, the PET deviation ratio is rather small in most parts of China, especially the southern regions, while a larger value is observed mainly in the Xinjiang region, where there ...
... deviation ratio across China are displayed in Figure 3(a) and (b). As shown, the PET deviation ratio is rather small in most parts of China, especially the southern regions, while a larger value is observed mainly in the Xinjiang region, where there ...
Legal Tools for Climate Adaptation Advocacy: Flood Insurance
... management. However, the federal insurance program subsidizes flood insurance premiums, and, therefore, does not require property owners to internalize the costs of living in a flood prone area. In practice, the federal insurance program shifts much of the costs of flood damage to the government and ...
... management. However, the federal insurance program subsidizes flood insurance premiums, and, therefore, does not require property owners to internalize the costs of living in a flood prone area. In practice, the federal insurance program shifts much of the costs of flood damage to the government and ...
Download the full paper
... between adaptation capital investments (e.g., sea walls) and ‡ow expenditures (e.g., increased fertilizer usage). However, as discussed below, my results con…rm that I additionally need to di¤erentiate between adaptive capacity to reduce climate change impacts on production (e.g., in agriculture) an ...
... between adaptation capital investments (e.g., sea walls) and ‡ow expenditures (e.g., increased fertilizer usage). However, as discussed below, my results con…rm that I additionally need to di¤erentiate between adaptive capacity to reduce climate change impacts on production (e.g., in agriculture) an ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.