Protection of the atmosphere
... draft guideline 3 (on the common concern of humankind), as contained in the Special Rapporteur’s second report, to the Drafting Committee, for consideration in the context of a possible preamble. Accordingly, a preamble was prepared reflecting the current stage of consideration, it being understood ...
... draft guideline 3 (on the common concern of humankind), as contained in the Special Rapporteur’s second report, to the Drafting Committee, for consideration in the context of a possible preamble. Accordingly, a preamble was prepared reflecting the current stage of consideration, it being understood ...
The Geography of Solving Global Environmental Problems
... pathways for small governments-which may be more nimble due to their geographic size and smaller number of people in charge-to: (1) learn from other localities and find cost-effective approaches to reducing emissions, and (2) serve as a constructive influence on national and international efforts to ...
... pathways for small governments-which may be more nimble due to their geographic size and smaller number of people in charge-to: (1) learn from other localities and find cost-effective approaches to reducing emissions, and (2) serve as a constructive influence on national and international efforts to ...
Role
... Barrett (2008) defines adaptation in an ICA as taking place after coalition is in place and hence ineffective in signaling other members. No credible threat. Zehaie (2009) assumes adaptation takes place before mitigation cooperation and has a strategic role, by increasing the other regions mitigatio ...
... Barrett (2008) defines adaptation in an ICA as taking place after coalition is in place and hence ineffective in signaling other members. No credible threat. Zehaie (2009) assumes adaptation takes place before mitigation cooperation and has a strategic role, by increasing the other regions mitigatio ...
Integrated Risk and Uncertainty Assessment of Climate Change
... Cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) and cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) can enable decision makers to examine costs and benefits, but these methodologies also have their limitations. Both approaches highlight the importance of considering the likelihood of events over time and the importance of focusin ...
... Cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) and cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) can enable decision makers to examine costs and benefits, but these methodologies also have their limitations. Both approaches highlight the importance of considering the likelihood of events over time and the importance of focusin ...
Climate Change in the La Plata Basin
... southeast of South America. Part of the knowledge of the impacts of climate variability in the hydrology of the Plata basin was developed in the PROSUR project ...
... southeast of South America. Part of the knowledge of the impacts of climate variability in the hydrology of the Plata basin was developed in the PROSUR project ...
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... of the aggregate private good has a detrimental effect on the preexisting public good. Direct contributions thus offset this impact at first and potentially outweigh it. Kotchen shows that in a large economy with identical rational and perfectly informed individuals, voluntary direct contributions wil ...
... of the aggregate private good has a detrimental effect on the preexisting public good. Direct contributions thus offset this impact at first and potentially outweigh it. Kotchen shows that in a large economy with identical rational and perfectly informed individuals, voluntary direct contributions wil ...
Modeling Uncertainty in Climate Change
... immediate, extensive action. Policymakers are thus confronted with a wide range of recommendations about how to address the risks posed by a changing climate—in particular, whether, how, and how much to limit emissions of greenhouse gases. (CBO 2005) ...
... immediate, extensive action. Policymakers are thus confronted with a wide range of recommendations about how to address the risks posed by a changing climate—in particular, whether, how, and how much to limit emissions of greenhouse gases. (CBO 2005) ...
How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change
... Climate changes, especially increased variability, affect landscapes, human livelihoods and trees in many ways. They are the consequence of a wider set of global change issues, including population increase, more consumption per capita and trade globalisation. Both people and trees can adapt to chan ...
... Climate changes, especially increased variability, affect landscapes, human livelihoods and trees in many ways. They are the consequence of a wider set of global change issues, including population increase, more consumption per capita and trade globalisation. Both people and trees can adapt to chan ...
Project Document for CEO Approval (Revised)
... Mitigation of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases is important as it will also help counter the current trade imbalance that results from the importation of large quantities of fossil fuels, and in light of the increasing national energy need, at all levels; Through further research and impr ...
... Mitigation of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases is important as it will also help counter the current trade imbalance that results from the importation of large quantities of fossil fuels, and in light of the increasing national energy need, at all levels; Through further research and impr ...
How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change
... Climate changes, especially increased variability, affect landscapes, human livelihoods and trees in many ways. They are the consequence of a wider set of global change issues, including population increase, more consumption per capita and trade globalisation. Both people and trees can adapt to chan ...
... Climate changes, especially increased variability, affect landscapes, human livelihoods and trees in many ways. They are the consequence of a wider set of global change issues, including population increase, more consumption per capita and trade globalisation. Both people and trees can adapt to chan ...
Observed groundwater temperature response to recent climate
... often time series of atmospheric temperatures can be represented more appropriately by models using breakpoints than by models assuming monotonic functions. Hence, we here apply a sequential t test analysis for regime shifts (STARS) to detect possible abrupt climate regime shifts (CRSs) in the tempe ...
... often time series of atmospheric temperatures can be represented more appropriately by models using breakpoints than by models assuming monotonic functions. Hence, we here apply a sequential t test analysis for regime shifts (STARS) to detect possible abrupt climate regime shifts (CRSs) in the tempe ...
Relationship with United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
... The Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associate with Climate Change Impacts (ExCom) ...
... The Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associate with Climate Change Impacts (ExCom) ...
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Broads
... climate changes projected over the Broads catchment basin. This report goes into substantially more detail, using more models, for more variables, at a finer scale, and using more recent scenarios for future climate change. While the report’s annex contain ...
... climate changes projected over the Broads catchment basin. This report goes into substantially more detail, using more models, for more variables, at a finer scale, and using more recent scenarios for future climate change. While the report’s annex contain ...
Outlook on climate change adaptation in the Tropical Andes
... data, and knowledge on how climate change affects social and biological systems, which both are key to developing and implementing effective adaptation strategies. Furthermore, insufficient technical capacity on mountains and adaptation is another barrier to successful policy development and implem ...
... data, and knowledge on how climate change affects social and biological systems, which both are key to developing and implementing effective adaptation strategies. Furthermore, insufficient technical capacity on mountains and adaptation is another barrier to successful policy development and implem ...
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... delineation of the policy and research needs that must be addressed in order to advance adaptation planning. This report is based on existing published resources and interviews with transportation practitioners. ...
... delineation of the policy and research needs that must be addressed in order to advance adaptation planning. This report is based on existing published resources and interviews with transportation practitioners. ...
The Pacific Experience in Developing Policy and Legislation on
... of doing so to reduce more effectively the risks to sustainable national development from multiple hazards or phenomena. An integrated approach takes into account the existing national and regional capacities to address these disaster and climate change concerns overlapping through common factors of ...
... of doing so to reduce more effectively the risks to sustainable national development from multiple hazards or phenomena. An integrated approach takes into account the existing national and regional capacities to address these disaster and climate change concerns overlapping through common factors of ...
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... climate adopt through various measures such as change of the planting date, use of fertilizer, change of crop varieties, or use of herbicide ( Tabi et al. 2012), but only small number of farmers change water management control practice with limited capacity of irrigation facilities. Indeed, one of ...
... climate adopt through various measures such as change of the planting date, use of fertilizer, change of crop varieties, or use of herbicide ( Tabi et al. 2012), but only small number of farmers change water management control practice with limited capacity of irrigation facilities. Indeed, one of ...
Designing Climate Change Adaptation Initiatives
... that incorporates both policy and investment issues into the planning and decision-making processes. No one solution will adequately address effective adaptation, including market forces. There are inherent uncertainties in the timing and magnitude of climate change and the linkages between adaptati ...
... that incorporates both policy and investment issues into the planning and decision-making processes. No one solution will adequately address effective adaptation, including market forces. There are inherent uncertainties in the timing and magnitude of climate change and the linkages between adaptati ...
Population and climate change scoping paper
... 1. Rapid population growth has a negative impact on human development, provision of basic services, poverty eradication; an effect that is magnified and made more urgent in the context of climate change. 2. Although the principle cause of climate change is consumption in developed countries, those m ...
... 1. Rapid population growth has a negative impact on human development, provision of basic services, poverty eradication; an effect that is magnified and made more urgent in the context of climate change. 2. Although the principle cause of climate change is consumption in developed countries, those m ...
Coastal Councils and Planning for Climate Change
... where prediction has been attempted, e.g. sea level rise, the decision maker is faced with a very large range of choices. 2 This has left many councils unsure of how to proceed. This study attempts to alleviate some of this uncertainty for Sydney Coastal Councils Group (SCCG) by identifying the curr ...
... where prediction has been attempted, e.g. sea level rise, the decision maker is faced with a very large range of choices. 2 This has left many councils unsure of how to proceed. This study attempts to alleviate some of this uncertainty for Sydney Coastal Councils Group (SCCG) by identifying the curr ...
Oceanic climate and circulation changes during the past four
... Indonesian eruption in 1809 (Figure 3c). The two periods of lowest D14C values (1811– 1814, averaged 70.7 ± 1.1% sd; and 1823, 72.5%) in the Galápagos coral occurred several years after the two highest peaks in volcanic aerosol optical depth at the equator (1809– 1810 and 1815 – 1816) [Robertson ...
... Indonesian eruption in 1809 (Figure 3c). The two periods of lowest D14C values (1811– 1814, averaged 70.7 ± 1.1% sd; and 1823, 72.5%) in the Galápagos coral occurred several years after the two highest peaks in volcanic aerosol optical depth at the equator (1809– 1810 and 1815 – 1816) [Robertson ...
Australian Climate Policy Survey
... With carbon markets increasingly being utilised by our international partners, 85 per cent of respondents indicated Australia should be part of these developments under the Paris Agreement (Figure 14). Along this same line, the majority of participants (79 per cent) were of the view that it will be ...
... With carbon markets increasingly being utilised by our international partners, 85 per cent of respondents indicated Australia should be part of these developments under the Paris Agreement (Figure 14). Along this same line, the majority of participants (79 per cent) were of the view that it will be ...
Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern
... of the earth to the 10 hPa pressure level. The concentrations of greenhouse gases and halocarbons as well as the surface sulphur emissions are prescribed in the model according to the IPCC SRES A2 scenario, which assumes a regionally limited cooperation and slower adaption of new technologies, toget ...
... of the earth to the 10 hPa pressure level. The concentrations of greenhouse gases and halocarbons as well as the surface sulphur emissions are prescribed in the model according to the IPCC SRES A2 scenario, which assumes a regionally limited cooperation and slower adaption of new technologies, toget ...
Climate Change and Resource Depletion:The Challenges for Actuarie
... mitigate against the worst effects of greenhouse gas emissions. There is also a growing body of opinion that we are close to the peak and subsequent decline of global oil production, which could constrain energy availability to the economy. Some credible sources think that the impact of an energy cr ...
... mitigate against the worst effects of greenhouse gas emissions. There is also a growing body of opinion that we are close to the peak and subsequent decline of global oil production, which could constrain energy availability to the economy. Some credible sources think that the impact of an energy cr ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.