On the interpretation of inter-model spread in CMIP5 climate
... Fig. 1 Schematic representation of Eq. 1 showing the relationships between the forcings, the feedback parameters and the equilibrium global mean surface temperature when the tropospheric adjustments to CO2 forcing are considered (in blue) or not (in black). Here, we assume that the adjustments to CO ...
... Fig. 1 Schematic representation of Eq. 1 showing the relationships between the forcings, the feedback parameters and the equilibrium global mean surface temperature when the tropospheric adjustments to CO2 forcing are considered (in blue) or not (in black). Here, we assume that the adjustments to CO ...
Plant size and leaf area influence phenological and reproductive
... As many of the traits measured are correlated among them (Table S2), we reduced our original list of nine traits by means of a principal component analysis (PCA) performed across all species using the mean trait values for each microcosm. This approach is based on selecting one trait for each PCA co ...
... As many of the traits measured are correlated among them (Table S2), we reduced our original list of nine traits by means of a principal component analysis (PCA) performed across all species using the mean trait values for each microcosm. This approach is based on selecting one trait for each PCA co ...
Resilient Buffalo Niagara
... During the same period, the number of hydro-meteorological events has also increased from less than 10 per year to more than 340 per year (Center for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), 2007). Historically, natural climatic variability has been the primary cause of extreme events, but the ...
... During the same period, the number of hydro-meteorological events has also increased from less than 10 per year to more than 340 per year (Center for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), 2007). Historically, natural climatic variability has been the primary cause of extreme events, but the ...
Chile`s Third National Communication on Climate
... 6.1. Financing needs, gaps and barriers, capacity building and technical assistance 6.2. International support to climate action 6.3. National support for climate action ...
... 6.1. Financing needs, gaps and barriers, capacity building and technical assistance 6.2. International support to climate action 6.3. National support for climate action ...
DECC Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity
... the timing and extent of projected changes in climate, and over how species and habitats will respond. However, it is certain that climate change poses a risk to biodiversity and the effects are likely to be pervasive. Strategies to support adaptation to climate change must account for uncertainty i ...
... the timing and extent of projected changes in climate, and over how species and habitats will respond. However, it is certain that climate change poses a risk to biodiversity and the effects are likely to be pervasive. Strategies to support adaptation to climate change must account for uncertainty i ...
Proposed NSF Center on Climate Decision Making Carnegie Mellon
... related losses are driven by climate change, many of the climate data don't support this conclusion. We need to look at: - adequacy of risk assessment tools; - the way those assessments are being used; - risk portfolios. ...
... related losses are driven by climate change, many of the climate data don't support this conclusion. We need to look at: - adequacy of risk assessment tools; - the way those assessments are being used; - risk portfolios. ...
Using climate information for drought planning
... 2014). The state of Colorado in the USA provides an excellent example of how climate information can be applied within its drought-planning activities, and the state’s efforts are highlighted in this article. ...
... 2014). The state of Colorado in the USA provides an excellent example of how climate information can be applied within its drought-planning activities, and the state’s efforts are highlighted in this article. ...
Climate Change Impacts on New York Wine Grape Growing Regions
... change, the historical climate of New York, climate change trends in New York State, and the current extent of New York State wine grape growing regions. Global Climate Change Notably at a global level, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ...
... change, the historical climate of New York, climate change trends in New York State, and the current extent of New York State wine grape growing regions. Global Climate Change Notably at a global level, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ...
Global warming in the American mind
... my focal discipline, and especially to Dr. Shaul Cohen for his invaluable advice, perspective and support. Thank you to Drs. Alexander Murphy and Peter Walker for steeping me in the traditions of geography and encouraging me to reach beyond disciplinary boundaries. A profound thank you to Dr. Paul S ...
... my focal discipline, and especially to Dr. Shaul Cohen for his invaluable advice, perspective and support. Thank you to Drs. Alexander Murphy and Peter Walker for steeping me in the traditions of geography and encouraging me to reach beyond disciplinary boundaries. A profound thank you to Dr. Paul S ...
Assessing the impact of Laurentide Ice Sheet topography on glacial
... Abstract. Simulations of past climates require altered boundary conditions to account for known shifts in the Earth system. For the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation, the existence of large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets caused profound changes in surface topography and albedo. ...
... Abstract. Simulations of past climates require altered boundary conditions to account for known shifts in the Earth system. For the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation, the existence of large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets caused profound changes in surface topography and albedo. ...
Mid-Pliocene Westerlies from PlioMIP Simulations
... Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen 5007, Norway ...
... Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen 5007, Norway ...
Adaptation of Fisheries and Fishing Communities to the
... The current project, Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change (MACC) is being designed to consolidate and build on the foundation of CPACC by continuing to build capacity in the CARICOM Small Island Developing States and Low-Lying States to develop Stage II adaptation strategies and measures for t ...
... The current project, Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change (MACC) is being designed to consolidate and build on the foundation of CPACC by continuing to build capacity in the CARICOM Small Island Developing States and Low-Lying States to develop Stage II adaptation strategies and measures for t ...
The Response of Precipitation Minus Evapotranspiration
... warming climate, following the Clausius–Clapeyron relation at roughly constant relative humidity [a similar mechanism was termed the direct moisture effect by Chou and Neelin (2004)]. The dynamical contribution to precipitation changes is also important locally (Xie et al. 2010; Huang et al. 2013; C ...
... warming climate, following the Clausius–Clapeyron relation at roughly constant relative humidity [a similar mechanism was termed the direct moisture effect by Chou and Neelin (2004)]. The dynamical contribution to precipitation changes is also important locally (Xie et al. 2010; Huang et al. 2013; C ...
Link-Securitization - Open Evidence Archive
... human species. If all Americans were to flee from metropolitan areas, rural populations would soar and wildlife habitat would necessarily diminish. An instructive example of the deadly implications of returning to nature may be found when one considers the issue of fuel. Although more common in the ...
... human species. If all Americans were to flee from metropolitan areas, rural populations would soar and wildlife habitat would necessarily diminish. An instructive example of the deadly implications of returning to nature may be found when one considers the issue of fuel. Although more common in the ...
Climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in
... for Zimbabwe and draw upon a variety of case studies on adaptation projects. This working paper highlights the main themes, findings and conclusions arising from these studies and examines their implications for future research and policy. While its primary relevance is for policy-makers, practition ...
... for Zimbabwe and draw upon a variety of case studies on adaptation projects. This working paper highlights the main themes, findings and conclusions arising from these studies and examines their implications for future research and policy. While its primary relevance is for policy-makers, practition ...
Climate change and Ontario`s provincial parks
... knowledge gaps remain in many areas. As such, the results presented in this study should be taken as indicative, not predictive, of the magnitude of impact climate change may have on Ontario’s provincial parks. A historical climate regime was completed for a representative sample of eight provincial ...
... knowledge gaps remain in many areas. As such, the results presented in this study should be taken as indicative, not predictive, of the magnitude of impact climate change may have on Ontario’s provincial parks. A historical climate regime was completed for a representative sample of eight provincial ...
Adaptation of Fisheries and Fishing Communities to the Impacts of
... planning and capacity building. CPACC is followed by the current project, Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change (MACC) that is continuing to build capacity in the CARICOM Small Island Developing States and Low-Lying States to develop adaptation strategies and measures for the integration of ada ...
... planning and capacity building. CPACC is followed by the current project, Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change (MACC) that is continuing to build capacity in the CARICOM Small Island Developing States and Low-Lying States to develop adaptation strategies and measures for the integration of ada ...
Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030
... The NAP provides a background of Kenya’s national circumstances, including socio-economic circumstances; and future climate scenarios that the country needs to consider in decision making, planning and budgetary processes. A vulnerability analysis is also presented against the identified hazards in ...
... The NAP provides a background of Kenya’s national circumstances, including socio-economic circumstances; and future climate scenarios that the country needs to consider in decision making, planning and budgetary processes. A vulnerability analysis is also presented against the identified hazards in ...
Report
... Climate change refers to a significant alteration of the average climate persisting for several decades or longer. Increased levels of greenhouse gases drive modern climate change, and changes in future human behavior will determine the extent of climatic changes. Globally, the evidence for climate ...
... Climate change refers to a significant alteration of the average climate persisting for several decades or longer. Increased levels of greenhouse gases drive modern climate change, and changes in future human behavior will determine the extent of climatic changes. Globally, the evidence for climate ...
No Slide Title
... WGI contribution to IPCC Third Assessment Report Summary for Policymakers (SPM) Drafted by a team of 59 Approved ‘sentence by sentence’ by WGI plenary (99 Governments and 45 scientists) ...
... WGI contribution to IPCC Third Assessment Report Summary for Policymakers (SPM) Drafted by a team of 59 Approved ‘sentence by sentence’ by WGI plenary (99 Governments and 45 scientists) ...
Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay
... 3 ], which is expected to harm CaCO3-secreting organisms, including shellfish. Orr et al. (2005) showed that [CO2 3 ] and pH decreases averaging about 10% and 0.1, respectively, have already taken place throughout the surface ocean due to the invasion of anthropogenic CO2. Under a greenhouse gas sce ...
... 3 ], which is expected to harm CaCO3-secreting organisms, including shellfish. Orr et al. (2005) showed that [CO2 3 ] and pH decreases averaging about 10% and 0.1, respectively, have already taken place throughout the surface ocean due to the invasion of anthropogenic CO2. Under a greenhouse gas sce ...
Transient Earth system responses to cumulative
... not directly related to global mean surface air temperature. It is also important to quantify the uncertainty in these links with CO2 emissions by using probabilistic, observation-constrained approaches or multi-model ensembles. This enables one to establish a budget for the amount of allowable carb ...
... not directly related to global mean surface air temperature. It is also important to quantify the uncertainty in these links with CO2 emissions by using probabilistic, observation-constrained approaches or multi-model ensembles. This enables one to establish a budget for the amount of allowable carb ...
Common Concern and Global Public Goods: Evidence, Bits and
... comment. These papers have not been formally edited. Citations should refer to an “NCCR Trade Working Paper”, with appropriate reference made to the author(s). Research for this paper was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation under a grant to the National Centre of Competence in Research o ...
... comment. These papers have not been formally edited. Citations should refer to an “NCCR Trade Working Paper”, with appropriate reference made to the author(s). Research for this paper was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation under a grant to the National Centre of Competence in Research o ...
Climatic Research Unit documents
Climatic Research Unit documents including thousands of e-mails and other computer files were stolen from a server at the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia in a hacking incident in November 2009. The documents were redistributed first through the blogosphere of global warming skeptics, and allegations were made that they indicated misconduct by leading climate scientists. A series of investigations rejected these allegations, while concluding that CRU scientists should have been more open with distributing data and methods on request. Precisely six committees investigated the allegations and published reports, finding no evidence of fraud or scientific misconduct. The scientific consensus that global warming is occurring as a result of human activity remained unchanged by the end of the investigations.The incident occurred shortly before the opening December 2009 Copenhagen global climate summit. It has prompted general discussion about increasing the openness of scientific data (though the majority of climate data have always been freely available). Scientists, scientific organisations, and government officials have stated that the incident does not affect the overall scientific case for climate change. Andrew Revkin reported in the New York Times that ""The evidence pointing to a growing human contribution to global warming is so widely accepted that the hacked material is unlikely to erode the overall argument.""