Temperatures in transient climates
... some empirical evidence for a decrease in variability at intra-annual timescales, but sparse evidence for changes in inter-annual variability (IPCC, 2001). More recent studies have not produced more definitive conclusions, with results apparently depending on specific definitions of variability and ...
... some empirical evidence for a decrease in variability at intra-annual timescales, but sparse evidence for changes in inter-annual variability (IPCC, 2001). More recent studies have not produced more definitive conclusions, with results apparently depending on specific definitions of variability and ...
Carbon and climate system coupling on timescales from the
... system, intimately connected with both planetary climate and ecology. On the time scale of the human experience, the carbon cycle links human economic activity directly to the geophysical system due to the sensitivity of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) levels to fossil-fuel combus ...
... system, intimately connected with both planetary climate and ecology. On the time scale of the human experience, the carbon cycle links human economic activity directly to the geophysical system due to the sensitivity of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) levels to fossil-fuel combus ...
More Than 1000 International Scientists Dissent Over Man
... 2007 groundbreaking U.S. Senate Report of over 400 scientists who voiced skepticism about the so-called global warming “consensus” -- features the skeptical voices of over 1,000 international scientists, including many current and former UN IPCC scientists, who have now turned against the UN IPCC. T ...
... 2007 groundbreaking U.S. Senate Report of over 400 scientists who voiced skepticism about the so-called global warming “consensus” -- features the skeptical voices of over 1,000 international scientists, including many current and former UN IPCC scientists, who have now turned against the UN IPCC. T ...
More Than 1000 International Scientists Dissent
... 2007 groundbreaking U.S. Senate Report of over 400 scientists who voiced skepticism about the so-called global warming ―consensus‖ -- features the skeptical voices of over 1,000 international scientists, including many current and former UN IPCC scientists, who have now turned against the UN IPCC. T ...
... 2007 groundbreaking U.S. Senate Report of over 400 scientists who voiced skepticism about the so-called global warming ―consensus‖ -- features the skeptical voices of over 1,000 international scientists, including many current and former UN IPCC scientists, who have now turned against the UN IPCC. T ...
Climate Change Adaptation Guidelines
... Association of Australia Limited and individual contributors are not responsible for the results of any action taken on the basis of information in this Report, nor for any errors or omissions. ...
... Association of Australia Limited and individual contributors are not responsible for the results of any action taken on the basis of information in this Report, nor for any errors or omissions. ...
Impact Assessment on Aquaculture Framers in Sarawak, Malaysia
... climate and extreme climate shows that Canada benefit larger by the expense to adapt with changes in climate and less benefit due to the tremendous events (Burton, 1997). The perception of risk is important in identifying the best application of risk management practice (Meuwissen et. al., 2001). Th ...
... climate and extreme climate shows that Canada benefit larger by the expense to adapt with changes in climate and less benefit due to the tremendous events (Burton, 1997). The perception of risk is important in identifying the best application of risk management practice (Meuwissen et. al., 2001). Th ...
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... of a single risk-averse country – given the mitigation efforts of all other countries. We show how the contribution to the global public good varies with the wealth of a country and its exposure to climate change. And – most importantly – we show that risk considerations make the crowding-out effect ...
... of a single risk-averse country – given the mitigation efforts of all other countries. We show how the contribution to the global public good varies with the wealth of a country and its exposure to climate change. And – most importantly – we show that risk considerations make the crowding-out effect ...
Committee on America's Climate Choices; National Research Council
... ow should the United States respond to the challenges posed by climate change? This is the fundamental question addressed by America’s Climate Choices—a suite of activities requested by the U.S. Congress and conducted by the U.S. National Research Council. Book shelves and the internet are replete w ...
... ow should the United States respond to the challenges posed by climate change? This is the fundamental question addressed by America’s Climate Choices—a suite of activities requested by the U.S. Congress and conducted by the U.S. National Research Council. Book shelves and the internet are replete w ...
Health Effects of Climate Change in the UK, Department of Health
... in sea level and an increase in the frequency of severe winter storms will make flooding of lowlying coastal areas more likely. Our examination of the evidence has led to a number of conclusions and recommendations; these are summarised below. One significant conclusion is presented here. It is reco ...
... in sea level and an increase in the frequency of severe winter storms will make flooding of lowlying coastal areas more likely. Our examination of the evidence has led to a number of conclusions and recommendations; these are summarised below. One significant conclusion is presented here. It is reco ...
Planning for Climate Change Effects on Coastal Margins
... New Zealanders have only a moderate knowledge about climate change issues. A survey showed that 51% claimed they knew a “fair amount”, but the survey analysis suggests that these were often fairly generous self-assessments (UMR, 2001). There was even less concern about the impacts of global warming. ...
... New Zealanders have only a moderate knowledge about climate change issues. A survey showed that 51% claimed they knew a “fair amount”, but the survey analysis suggests that these were often fairly generous self-assessments (UMR, 2001). There was even less concern about the impacts of global warming. ...
EPA RESOURCE KIT: Report Series No. 132 BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN
... policy development and implementation” (Davies, 2004: 3). Realistically though, there are differing extents to which policy may be shaped by evidence and some policies may be more accurately described as being evidence-influenced or evidence-aware rather than evidence-based. (Davies et al, ...
... policy development and implementation” (Davies, 2004: 3). Realistically though, there are differing extents to which policy may be shaped by evidence and some policies may be more accurately described as being evidence-influenced or evidence-aware rather than evidence-based. (Davies et al, ...
Contrasting trends in floods for two sub
... and Pettersson, 2007; Zemp et al., 2009, Koblet et al., 2010). Changes in glacier area and volume likely alter the streamflow dynamics in the catchment in which they are located by changing both the amount and timing of water released during the melt season (e.g. Fountain and Tangborn, 1985; Röthli ...
... and Pettersson, 2007; Zemp et al., 2009, Koblet et al., 2010). Changes in glacier area and volume likely alter the streamflow dynamics in the catchment in which they are located by changing both the amount and timing of water released during the melt season (e.g. Fountain and Tangborn, 1985; Röthli ...
Vulnerability of Infrastructure to Climate Variability: How Does This
... The infrastructure and economic capacity to effect timely response actions may be beyond the means of some African countries (Downing et al. 1997). The second concern is the increased variability of extreme weather events associated with increases in surface temperature. In fact, climate variability ...
... The infrastructure and economic capacity to effect timely response actions may be beyond the means of some African countries (Downing et al. 1997). The second concern is the increased variability of extreme weather events associated with increases in surface temperature. In fact, climate variability ...
PERSPECTIVE: Potential responses to climate change in organisms
... assess the likelihood and relative speed of potential evolutionary responses. It is important to remember that the following conclusions are merely hypotheses, in part because few studies have formally measured selection on salmon in response to environmental change. We do cite those studies but mor ...
... assess the likelihood and relative speed of potential evolutionary responses. It is important to remember that the following conclusions are merely hypotheses, in part because few studies have formally measured selection on salmon in response to environmental change. We do cite those studies but mor ...
How will organic carbon stocks in mineral soils
... distribution or changes in anthropogenic land use. Furthermore, Sim-CYCLE implements a single soil C pool module to simulate SOC dynamics (Ito, 2005). However, Jones et al. (2005) have shown that such a simplification leads to an overall higher sensitivity of SOC to changes in climate and plant inpu ...
... distribution or changes in anthropogenic land use. Furthermore, Sim-CYCLE implements a single soil C pool module to simulate SOC dynamics (Ito, 2005). However, Jones et al. (2005) have shown that such a simplification leads to an overall higher sensitivity of SOC to changes in climate and plant inpu ...
US CLIVAR Science Plan
... together with its impacts on human and natural systems to establish a sound scientific basis for developing mitigation and adaptation options; and • Increased attention to the uncertainties and confidence limits of both observed and predicted climate information. ...
... together with its impacts on human and natural systems to establish a sound scientific basis for developing mitigation and adaptation options; and • Increased attention to the uncertainties and confidence limits of both observed and predicted climate information. ...
The use of the aridity index to assess climate
... Available energy (often expressed in terms of potential evaporation) and precipitation largely determine annual evapotranspiration and runoff rates in a region. The ratio of annual potential evaporation to precipitation, referred to as the aridity index by Budyko, has been shown to describe the evap ...
... Available energy (often expressed in terms of potential evaporation) and precipitation largely determine annual evapotranspiration and runoff rates in a region. The ratio of annual potential evaporation to precipitation, referred to as the aridity index by Budyko, has been shown to describe the evap ...
Changing climate, changing biodiversity in South-East Europe
... particularly in Southern and South-East Europe and I would like to thank my colleagues in ECNC, REC and our funder AECID for making this conference a reality. Indeed, during the next two days we hope to explore the issues and challenges that face us with a range of invited experts from the region an ...
... particularly in Southern and South-East Europe and I would like to thank my colleagues in ECNC, REC and our funder AECID for making this conference a reality. Indeed, during the next two days we hope to explore the issues and challenges that face us with a range of invited experts from the region an ...
Polish National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change
... phenomena, taking place in the last few decades, tend to deepen and therefore they have become a matter of interest to governments and the international community. The results of scientific research clearly indicate that phenomena caused by climate change are a threat to the social and economic deve ...
... phenomena, taking place in the last few decades, tend to deepen and therefore they have become a matter of interest to governments and the international community. The results of scientific research clearly indicate that phenomena caused by climate change are a threat to the social and economic deve ...
Infection, Disease, and Biosocial Processes at the End of
... In the third millennium B.C., the Indus Civilization flourished in northwest India and Pakistan. The late mature phase (2200-1900 B.C.) was characterized by long-distance exchange networks, planned urban settlements, sanitation facilities, standardized weights and measures, and a sphere of influence ...
... In the third millennium B.C., the Indus Civilization flourished in northwest India and Pakistan. The late mature phase (2200-1900 B.C.) was characterized by long-distance exchange networks, planned urban settlements, sanitation facilities, standardized weights and measures, and a sphere of influence ...
The use of the aridity index to assess climate change effect on
... Available energy (often expressed in terms of potential evaporation) and precipitation largely determine annual evapotranspiration and runoff rates in a region. The ratio of annual potential evaporation to precipitation, referred to as the aridity index by Budyko, has been shown to describe the evap ...
... Available energy (often expressed in terms of potential evaporation) and precipitation largely determine annual evapotranspiration and runoff rates in a region. The ratio of annual potential evaporation to precipitation, referred to as the aridity index by Budyko, has been shown to describe the evap ...
POTENTIAL MARKET BARRIERS FOR VOLUNTARY CLIMATE CHANGE
... impacts of climate change. The need for a transition to more sustainable consumption and production patterns is undeniable, and sustainable economic growth must be placed at the heart of future development for all citizens – private and public. The South African private sector is under enormous pres ...
... impacts of climate change. The need for a transition to more sustainable consumption and production patterns is undeniable, and sustainable economic growth must be placed at the heart of future development for all citizens – private and public. The South African private sector is under enormous pres ...
The Longest Conflict - Centre for Policy Development
... The Centre for Policy Development (CPD) is an independent, non-partisan and evidencebased policy institute. We develop long-term policy architecture to promote wellbeing, fairness and sustainability through our democracy, economy and society. Our goal is to develop practical and innovative policy id ...
... The Centre for Policy Development (CPD) is an independent, non-partisan and evidencebased policy institute. We develop long-term policy architecture to promote wellbeing, fairness and sustainability through our democracy, economy and society. Our goal is to develop practical and innovative policy id ...
Climatic Research Unit documents
Climatic Research Unit documents including thousands of e-mails and other computer files were stolen from a server at the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia in a hacking incident in November 2009. The documents were redistributed first through the blogosphere of global warming skeptics, and allegations were made that they indicated misconduct by leading climate scientists. A series of investigations rejected these allegations, while concluding that CRU scientists should have been more open with distributing data and methods on request. Precisely six committees investigated the allegations and published reports, finding no evidence of fraud or scientific misconduct. The scientific consensus that global warming is occurring as a result of human activity remained unchanged by the end of the investigations.The incident occurred shortly before the opening December 2009 Copenhagen global climate summit. It has prompted general discussion about increasing the openness of scientific data (though the majority of climate data have always been freely available). Scientists, scientific organisations, and government officials have stated that the incident does not affect the overall scientific case for climate change. Andrew Revkin reported in the New York Times that ""The evidence pointing to a growing human contribution to global warming is so widely accepted that the hacked material is unlikely to erode the overall argument.""