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... crop insurance [5]. The last two categories mainly involve farm-level decision-making by farmers and are called autonomous adaptations, mostly referring to the coping measures of individual farmers and other stakeholders in farming activities [13]. Changes in practices at the farm level are of eleme ...
... crop insurance [5]. The last two categories mainly involve farm-level decision-making by farmers and are called autonomous adaptations, mostly referring to the coping measures of individual farmers and other stakeholders in farming activities [13]. Changes in practices at the farm level are of eleme ...
Environmental Scenario Analysis Overview and EEA
... European Land Use Change Scenarios The main driving forces behind land use change are climate change, population growth and technical and economic development, particularly of the transport and agriculture sectors. The environmental impacts of land use change are complex, and may affect air quality, ...
... European Land Use Change Scenarios The main driving forces behind land use change are climate change, population growth and technical and economic development, particularly of the transport and agriculture sectors. The environmental impacts of land use change are complex, and may affect air quality, ...
Regional Climate Information – Evaluation and Projections
... achieved in all these areas of research. This chapter has two fundamental objectives. The first is to assess whether the scientific community has been able to increase the confidence that can be placed in the projection of regional climate change caused by anthropogenic forcings since the SAR. The s ...
... achieved in all these areas of research. This chapter has two fundamental objectives. The first is to assess whether the scientific community has been able to increase the confidence that can be placed in the projection of regional climate change caused by anthropogenic forcings since the SAR. The s ...
Who`s holding us back?
... impossible to ignore the devastating drought in the Horn of Africa, which has driven over 12 million people to the brink of famine. And yet we are arguably little further forward than at the climate summit in Copenhagen two years ago, which captured the public imagination, but failed to deliver the ...
... impossible to ignore the devastating drought in the Horn of Africa, which has driven over 12 million people to the brink of famine. And yet we are arguably little further forward than at the climate summit in Copenhagen two years ago, which captured the public imagination, but failed to deliver the ...
WaterfoWl and WetlandS amid Climate Change
... 20th century was the warmest period of the past 1000 years (Mann et al. 1998, 1999), and there have been fewer days of extreme low temperatures and more days of extreme high temperatures in the U.S. since the 1950s (Karl et al. 1996). Around the world, there is an increasing awareness of the importa ...
... 20th century was the warmest period of the past 1000 years (Mann et al. 1998, 1999), and there have been fewer days of extreme low temperatures and more days of extreme high temperatures in the U.S. since the 1950s (Karl et al. 1996). Around the world, there is an increasing awareness of the importa ...
The High Mountain Asia glacier contribution to sea
... ELA is the mean June–August temperature at the ELA and is estimated by extrapolation from daily temperature records with a vertical lapse rate of 0.0065°C m–1. The second way to calculate ablation at the ELA is to use a positive degree-day (PDD) model (Braithwaite, 1984). We multiply the sum of dail ...
... ELA is the mean June–August temperature at the ELA and is estimated by extrapolation from daily temperature records with a vertical lapse rate of 0.0065°C m–1. The second way to calculate ablation at the ELA is to use a positive degree-day (PDD) model (Braithwaite, 1984). We multiply the sum of dail ...
Modeling dynamics of tundra plant communities on the Yamal
... a function of both foliar nitrogen concentration and reindeer forage preference. We found that grazing is important, in addition to the latitudinal climate gradient, in controlling tundra plant community composition, explaining about 13% of the total variance in model simulations for all arctic tund ...
... a function of both foliar nitrogen concentration and reindeer forage preference. We found that grazing is important, in addition to the latitudinal climate gradient, in controlling tundra plant community composition, explaining about 13% of the total variance in model simulations for all arctic tund ...
2 Methods and Data - Santa Clara University
... with biases in variance in the same direction, the net effect of QM on the simulated trend ...
... with biases in variance in the same direction, the net effect of QM on the simulated trend ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE LIMITED
... Main impacts of climate change and their implications for tourism in Barbados and the Caribbean .................................................................................................................................7 Agriculture and fisheries contribution to GDP, 2002 to 2005 ............. ...
... Main impacts of climate change and their implications for tourism in Barbados and the Caribbean .................................................................................................................................7 Agriculture and fisheries contribution to GDP, 2002 to 2005 ............. ...
here - DeSmogBlog
... anti-science or “advocacy science” uses OpEds, blogs, newsletters and personal attacks on scientists. It is fake “advocacy science” designed to confuse non-scientists, often for financial and/or ideological reasons. Modern anti-science was Merchants of Doubt created by the tobacco industry in the 19 ...
... anti-science or “advocacy science” uses OpEds, blogs, newsletters and personal attacks on scientists. It is fake “advocacy science” designed to confuse non-scientists, often for financial and/or ideological reasons. Modern anti-science was Merchants of Doubt created by the tobacco industry in the 19 ...
Vulnerability to Climate Change and Reasons for
... regional climate change impacts may be clearer in physical and biological systems than in socioeconomic systems, which also are simultaneously undergoing many complex changes that are not related to climate change, such as population growth and urbanization. Socioeconomic systems have complex and va ...
... regional climate change impacts may be clearer in physical and biological systems than in socioeconomic systems, which also are simultaneously undergoing many complex changes that are not related to climate change, such as population growth and urbanization. Socioeconomic systems have complex and va ...
- Student Organizations
... change refugee, such groups have no legal basis in international refugee law. There is consensus among concerned intergovernmental agencies not to use these terms following the strong position of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (“UNHCR”) and the International Organization for Migra ...
... change refugee, such groups have no legal basis in international refugee law. There is consensus among concerned intergovernmental agencies not to use these terms following the strong position of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (“UNHCR”) and the International Organization for Migra ...
working group on adaptation and climate resilience final report
... existing efforts while also creating a new culture of resilience where climate change risks and vulnerabilities are factored in as part of routine planning and decisions. The impacts of climate change do not respect political or sectoral boundaries. No single region, sector, order of government, or ...
... existing efforts while also creating a new culture of resilience where climate change risks and vulnerabilities are factored in as part of routine planning and decisions. The impacts of climate change do not respect political or sectoral boundaries. No single region, sector, order of government, or ...
The ground-based FTIR network`s potential for investigating the
... for Atmospheric Chartography) have provided the first quasicontinuous observation of tropospheric δD, although for limited altitude ranges and time periods of a few years only (Worden et al., 2006; Frankenberg et al., 2009). In Schneider et al. (2006b) it is demonstrated that high quality groundbase ...
... for Atmospheric Chartography) have provided the first quasicontinuous observation of tropospheric δD, although for limited altitude ranges and time periods of a few years only (Worden et al., 2006; Frankenberg et al., 2009). In Schneider et al. (2006b) it is demonstrated that high quality groundbase ...
Standardized Test Prep Chapter 25
... energy at different latitudes, belts of cool, dense air form at latitudes near the poles, while belts of warm, less dense air form near the equator. • Winds affect many weather conditions, such as precipitation, temperature, and cloud cover. • Thus, regions that have different global wind belts ofte ...
... energy at different latitudes, belts of cool, dense air form at latitudes near the poles, while belts of warm, less dense air form near the equator. • Winds affect many weather conditions, such as precipitation, temperature, and cloud cover. • Thus, regions that have different global wind belts ofte ...
Climate Change, Multiple Stressors, and the Decline of Ectotherms Contributed Paper
... with very little gene flow among populations, some of which are in decline (Petranka 1998). Furthermore, data suggest that species with limited ranges may be narrowly adapted and thus more susceptible to contaminants and climate change (Fioramonti et al. 1997). Owing to the importance of water avail ...
... with very little gene flow among populations, some of which are in decline (Petranka 1998). Furthermore, data suggest that species with limited ranges may be narrowly adapted and thus more susceptible to contaminants and climate change (Fioramonti et al. 1997). Owing to the importance of water avail ...
The implications for climate sensitivity of AR5 forcing and heat...
... Use in (1) and (2) of averages over base and final periods, rather than complete time series, captures much of the available information, since internal variability is high on sub-decadal timescales and only during the last decade or two has total forcing become reasonably large relative to its unc ...
... Use in (1) and (2) of averages over base and final periods, rather than complete time series, captures much of the available information, since internal variability is high on sub-decadal timescales and only during the last decade or two has total forcing become reasonably large relative to its unc ...
Tipping elements and climate-economic shocks
... definition of tipping elements: systems with critical thresholds, beyond which small perturbations in forcing can – as a result of positive feedbacks – lead to large, non-linear committed shifts in state. In our terminology, these tipping elements need not be limited to large-scale elements of the E ...
... definition of tipping elements: systems with critical thresholds, beyond which small perturbations in forcing can – as a result of positive feedbacks – lead to large, non-linear committed shifts in state. In our terminology, these tipping elements need not be limited to large-scale elements of the E ...
Standardized Test Prep Chapter 25
... energy at different latitudes, belts of cool, dense air form at latitudes near the poles, while belts of warm, less dense air form near the equator. • Winds affect many weather conditions, such as precipitation, temperature, and cloud cover. • Thus, regions that have different global wind belts ofte ...
... energy at different latitudes, belts of cool, dense air form at latitudes near the poles, while belts of warm, less dense air form near the equator. • Winds affect many weather conditions, such as precipitation, temperature, and cloud cover. • Thus, regions that have different global wind belts ofte ...
2007-2012 Hadley Centre Climate Programme
... the MOHC realised that this information would be needed to plan adaptation strategies and took on a role to produce the climate projections needed for this by the United Kingdom. The first set of UK Climate Projections were released in 1998, with major updates in 2002 and 2009 providing greater detai ...
... the MOHC realised that this information would be needed to plan adaptation strategies and took on a role to produce the climate projections needed for this by the United Kingdom. The first set of UK Climate Projections were released in 1998, with major updates in 2002 and 2009 providing greater detai ...
SECOND-ORDER DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 3 Do Not Cite
... exposure and vulnerability of human beings against water related risks, and non-climatic drivers changing water management in terms of quantity and quality, as well as emissions and concentration of Green House Gases (GHGs) and Aerosol, that will lead to changes in precipitation, temperature, and se ...
... exposure and vulnerability of human beings against water related risks, and non-climatic drivers changing water management in terms of quantity and quality, as well as emissions and concentration of Green House Gases (GHGs) and Aerosol, that will lead to changes in precipitation, temperature, and se ...
Climate change challenge badge
... for their group and should provide the required supervision to ensure all participants are safe and sound. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization ...
... for their group and should provide the required supervision to ensure all participants are safe and sound. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization ...
Can Social Protection Increase Resilience to Climate Change?
... programmes contribute to strengthening the resilience of their recipients to climate change. The framework moves from earlier simplified approaches of ASP to a more systematic framework that highlights the importance of a dynamic approach to resilience and social protection which considers time and ...
... programmes contribute to strengthening the resilience of their recipients to climate change. The framework moves from earlier simplified approaches of ASP to a more systematic framework that highlights the importance of a dynamic approach to resilience and social protection which considers time and ...
Climatic Research Unit documents
Climatic Research Unit documents including thousands of e-mails and other computer files were stolen from a server at the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia in a hacking incident in November 2009. The documents were redistributed first through the blogosphere of global warming skeptics, and allegations were made that they indicated misconduct by leading climate scientists. A series of investigations rejected these allegations, while concluding that CRU scientists should have been more open with distributing data and methods on request. Precisely six committees investigated the allegations and published reports, finding no evidence of fraud or scientific misconduct. The scientific consensus that global warming is occurring as a result of human activity remained unchanged by the end of the investigations.The incident occurred shortly before the opening December 2009 Copenhagen global climate summit. It has prompted general discussion about increasing the openness of scientific data (though the majority of climate data have always been freely available). Scientists, scientific organisations, and government officials have stated that the incident does not affect the overall scientific case for climate change. Andrew Revkin reported in the New York Times that ""The evidence pointing to a growing human contribution to global warming is so widely accepted that the hacked material is unlikely to erode the overall argument.""