The Cost of Climate Change: What We`ll Pay if
... economic one as well. That’s why we must act immediately to reduce global warming emissions 80 percent by 2050 and take ourselves off the business-as-usual path. NRDC recommends the following federal actions to curb emissions and avoid the worst economic impacts expected from global warming: 1. En ...
... economic one as well. That’s why we must act immediately to reduce global warming emissions 80 percent by 2050 and take ourselves off the business-as-usual path. NRDC recommends the following federal actions to curb emissions and avoid the worst economic impacts expected from global warming: 1. En ...
Internal and forced climate variability during the last millennium: a
... forcing, for instance during the minimum in solar irradiance of the late 17th century (Shindell et al., 2001). In addition, unforced GCM simulations were used in order to compare patterns of internal lowfrequency variability with those obtained from reconstructions (Jones et al., 1998; Collins et al ...
... forcing, for instance during the minimum in solar irradiance of the late 17th century (Shindell et al., 2001). In addition, unforced GCM simulations were used in order to compare patterns of internal lowfrequency variability with those obtained from reconstructions (Jones et al., 1998; Collins et al ...
Characterising half a degree difference: A review of methods for
... Running from 2013 to 2015, this process involved consultations with scientists and experts through a ‘Structured Expert Dialogue’ (SED). Findings of the IPCC were key inputs to the SED, including its expert assessment of climate change risks for five main ‘Reasons for Concern’ as a function of global ...
... Running from 2013 to 2015, this process involved consultations with scientists and experts through a ‘Structured Expert Dialogue’ (SED). Findings of the IPCC were key inputs to the SED, including its expert assessment of climate change risks for five main ‘Reasons for Concern’ as a function of global ...
Biogeosciences
... reactive species that influence air quality. As Earth system models (EaSMs) currently stand, there are trade-offs associated with the decision to use offline (with BC) or online (without BC) simulations. While BC enhances model skill with respect to observations, it often violates laws for conservat ...
... reactive species that influence air quality. As Earth system models (EaSMs) currently stand, there are trade-offs associated with the decision to use offline (with BC) or online (without BC) simulations. While BC enhances model skill with respect to observations, it often violates laws for conservat ...
On predicting climate under climate change
... uncertainty is not well quantified, however, then multi-model based probabilistic climate predictions will inevitably inherit the errors in the distributions representative of each model, implying that their probabilities are not reliable for use as such in societal planning (DEFRA 2012). Consider, ...
... uncertainty is not well quantified, however, then multi-model based probabilistic climate predictions will inevitably inherit the errors in the distributions representative of each model, implying that their probabilities are not reliable for use as such in societal planning (DEFRA 2012). Consider, ...
Reviewer: Amanda Holland Carolyn Pucko manuscript “Using Longterm Ecological Data to Identify Altitudinal Shifts of
... conclusions. This is important since relatively complex statistical analyses and modeling methods were used. This paper is not quite at the final draft stage and as such there are some minor tense, grammar, sentence structure, and wording issues. There are also a few sentences with language bet ...
... conclusions. This is important since relatively complex statistical analyses and modeling methods were used. This paper is not quite at the final draft stage and as such there are some minor tense, grammar, sentence structure, and wording issues. There are also a few sentences with language bet ...
The intensification and shift of the annual North Atlantic Oscillation in
... The model data come from a 240-yr integration of global coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice–land surface climate model under the transient greenhouse gas warming scenario. The model is the ECHAM4/OPYC3 CGCM, which is described in (and references therein Roeckner et al., 1996 and references therein), Ob ...
... The model data come from a 240-yr integration of global coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice–land surface climate model under the transient greenhouse gas warming scenario. The model is the ECHAM4/OPYC3 CGCM, which is described in (and references therein Roeckner et al., 1996 and references therein), Ob ...
STRATEGIES FOR A HOLISTIC RESPONSE TO OZONE
... avoidance of ODSs use. To accomplish this challenge, countries have resorted to the responsible use principle. It has been defined by Australia as the stipulation that these fluorinated gases should only be used “where the activity is necessary and where they are needed to cost-effectively meet spec ...
... avoidance of ODSs use. To accomplish this challenge, countries have resorted to the responsible use principle. It has been defined by Australia as the stipulation that these fluorinated gases should only be used “where the activity is necessary and where they are needed to cost-effectively meet spec ...
Climate change vulnerability assessment for aquatic ecosystems in
... Gilbert Racine (all with OMNR) who provided climate scenario data. We thank Dan McKenney and Kevin Lawrence (Natural Resources Canada) who provided data for the climate change maps. We also thank Paul Gray and Nicholas Jones for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript, and Trudy Vaittinen for ...
... Gilbert Racine (all with OMNR) who provided climate scenario data. We thank Dan McKenney and Kevin Lawrence (Natural Resources Canada) who provided data for the climate change maps. We also thank Paul Gray and Nicholas Jones for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript, and Trudy Vaittinen for ...
PDF
... (in the north). The choice of these particular seasonal definitions is motivated by the fact that they provided the best fit with the data and reflect the mid-point for key rainy seasons in the sample. We adjusted for the fact that seasons in the southern hemisphere occur at exactly the opposite mon ...
... (in the north). The choice of these particular seasonal definitions is motivated by the fact that they provided the best fit with the data and reflect the mid-point for key rainy seasons in the sample. We adjusted for the fact that seasons in the southern hemisphere occur at exactly the opposite mon ...
Hadley Cell (HC) Circulation response to Climate
... land-sea contrast), as long as this heat contrast imposed by the sun does not change (more radiation at the tropics, less radiations at higher latitudes). They concluded land- sea temperature contrast is more related with monsoon circulations rather than Hadley circulation. Thus this circulation wou ...
... land-sea contrast), as long as this heat contrast imposed by the sun does not change (more radiation at the tropics, less radiations at higher latitudes). They concluded land- sea temperature contrast is more related with monsoon circulations rather than Hadley circulation. Thus this circulation wou ...
Presentation from Professor Bill McGuire
... The information contained in this document is strictly proprietary and confidential ©Benfield UCL Hazard Research Centre 2007 ...
... The information contained in this document is strictly proprietary and confidential ©Benfield UCL Hazard Research Centre 2007 ...
Chapter 20 Next Generation Sunshine State Standards
... he focus of this chapter is climate, the long-term aggregate of weather. Climate is more than just an expression of average atmospheric conditions. In order to accurately portray the character of a place or an area, variations and extremes must also be included. Anyone who has the opportunity to tra ...
... he focus of this chapter is climate, the long-term aggregate of weather. Climate is more than just an expression of average atmospheric conditions. In order to accurately portray the character of a place or an area, variations and extremes must also be included. Anyone who has the opportunity to tra ...
DOC - unece
... hubs and networks. Daily port operations can be directly influenced by storm surges and backwater, resulting in port closures. Recent studies have assessed the population and assets exposure of 136 port cities with more than one million inhabitants, finding that tens of millions of people and assets ...
... hubs and networks. Daily port operations can be directly influenced by storm surges and backwater, resulting in port closures. Recent studies have assessed the population and assets exposure of 136 port cities with more than one million inhabitants, finding that tens of millions of people and assets ...
Climate Change and Variability
... Introduction This report describes changes which may occur over the coming century in the climate of the region administered by the Tasman District Council, and outlines some possible impacts of these changes. The report does not address the issue of mitigation (reducing greenhouse gas emissions, or ...
... Introduction This report describes changes which may occur over the coming century in the climate of the region administered by the Tasman District Council, and outlines some possible impacts of these changes. The report does not address the issue of mitigation (reducing greenhouse gas emissions, or ...
Probabilistic projections of climate change over China - HAL-Insu
... Probabilistic projection of climate change consists of formulating the climate change information in a probabilistic manner at either global or regional scale. This can produce useful results for studies of the impact of climate change impact and change mitigation. In the present study, a simple yet ...
... Probabilistic projection of climate change consists of formulating the climate change information in a probabilistic manner at either global or regional scale. This can produce useful results for studies of the impact of climate change impact and change mitigation. In the present study, a simple yet ...
... from the “grow first and clean up later” attitude towards the environment – and instead pay urgent attention to both mitigation and adaptation, and make preparations to reduce the impact of disasters. These efforts will also need to involve the private sector, for which climate change activity shoul ...
A Call to Truth, Prudence, and Protection of the Poor 2014: The
... “Climategate”—the release of thousands of emails plus computer programs and documentation from the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia, first in 2009 and with many thousands more in 2011—revealed that a small cadre of climate scientists at the core of IPCC had been exaggerating d ...
... “Climategate”—the release of thousands of emails plus computer programs and documentation from the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia, first in 2009 and with many thousands more in 2011—revealed that a small cadre of climate scientists at the core of IPCC had been exaggerating d ...
Differences between carbon budget estimates
... ECI, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford ...
... ECI, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford ...
Where Are You From? Why Are You Here? An African Perspective
... debate between “believers” and “skeptics” seems to ignore that scientists are obliged to be skeptical. The most serious global warming dilemma, one which the rich and the poor view very differently, concerns the appropriate balance between our responsibilities toward future generations and our oblig ...
... debate between “believers” and “skeptics” seems to ignore that scientists are obliged to be skeptical. The most serious global warming dilemma, one which the rich and the poor view very differently, concerns the appropriate balance between our responsibilities toward future generations and our oblig ...
Proceedings Report - Government of New Brunswick
... The ability of communities to adapt will be directly related to how well climate change considerations can be “mainstreamed” into development decisions. Climate change adaptation came to the forefront as issues of national concern in 2004-2005 when the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment co ...
... The ability of communities to adapt will be directly related to how well climate change considerations can be “mainstreamed” into development decisions. Climate change adaptation came to the forefront as issues of national concern in 2004-2005 when the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment co ...
exemplar - ESPACE Project
... brought together leading Czech politicians, business people, academics and journalists) was to discuss the impacts of climate change, build awareness of the challenges and potential solutions and learn from the best examples of UK practices. In June 2006, as a result of its widespread recognition a ...
... brought together leading Czech politicians, business people, academics and journalists) was to discuss the impacts of climate change, build awareness of the challenges and potential solutions and learn from the best examples of UK practices. In June 2006, as a result of its widespread recognition a ...
Climate Change and National Security
... droughts, heat waves, and storms. Each of these has potential consequences, direct and indirect, for national security. National security extends well beyond protecting the homeland against armed attack by other states, and indeed, beyond threats from people who purposefully seek to damage or destr ...
... droughts, heat waves, and storms. Each of these has potential consequences, direct and indirect, for national security. National security extends well beyond protecting the homeland against armed attack by other states, and indeed, beyond threats from people who purposefully seek to damage or destr ...
Climatic Research Unit documents
Climatic Research Unit documents including thousands of e-mails and other computer files were stolen from a server at the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia in a hacking incident in November 2009. The documents were redistributed first through the blogosphere of global warming skeptics, and allegations were made that they indicated misconduct by leading climate scientists. A series of investigations rejected these allegations, while concluding that CRU scientists should have been more open with distributing data and methods on request. Precisely six committees investigated the allegations and published reports, finding no evidence of fraud or scientific misconduct. The scientific consensus that global warming is occurring as a result of human activity remained unchanged by the end of the investigations.The incident occurred shortly before the opening December 2009 Copenhagen global climate summit. It has prompted general discussion about increasing the openness of scientific data (though the majority of climate data have always been freely available). Scientists, scientific organisations, and government officials have stated that the incident does not affect the overall scientific case for climate change. Andrew Revkin reported in the New York Times that ""The evidence pointing to a growing human contribution to global warming is so widely accepted that the hacked material is unlikely to erode the overall argument.""