Facilitator Guide - Climate Finance and Markets
... Walmart holds a very small (>1%) equity stake in EVM, the point of which is solely to exploit a “selfsupply” loophole in Mexican energy laws. This allows Walmart to claim that it is producing power for its own use, and so receive electricity more cheaply under a special Mexican law. Slide 9 – Some i ...
... Walmart holds a very small (>1%) equity stake in EVM, the point of which is solely to exploit a “selfsupply” loophole in Mexican energy laws. This allows Walmart to claim that it is producing power for its own use, and so receive electricity more cheaply under a special Mexican law. Slide 9 – Some i ...
The costs of adaptation: Working Paper 7 (260 kB) (opens in new window)
... adaptation cost research is still in its infancy. Global adaptation cost estimates from more recent studies range from around $25 billion a year to well over $100 billion by 2015-2030. The wide range is symptomatic of the poor state of knowledge. Important knowledge gaps remain both in terms of scop ...
... adaptation cost research is still in its infancy. Global adaptation cost estimates from more recent studies range from around $25 billion a year to well over $100 billion by 2015-2030. The wide range is symptomatic of the poor state of knowledge. Important knowledge gaps remain both in terms of scop ...
Review of the White Paper on the contribution of the GFCS to
... had been able to provide their input while expressing appreciation to those who had met the deadlines. The PAC had suggested that an Executive Summary of not more than 5 pages be prepared as concerns remained that the document may still be too long (Annex 2). The PAC agreed that there was a balance ...
... had been able to provide their input while expressing appreciation to those who had met the deadlines. The PAC had suggested that an Executive Summary of not more than 5 pages be prepared as concerns remained that the document may still be too long (Annex 2). The PAC agreed that there was a balance ...
Successful adaptation to climate change across scales
... extent) labour (see O’Brien and Leichenko, 2000). It can therefore be difficult to separate climate change adaptation decisions or actions from actions triggered by other social or economic events. Some adaptations can be clearly identified as being triggered by climate change, and those adaptations a ...
... extent) labour (see O’Brien and Leichenko, 2000). It can therefore be difficult to separate climate change adaptation decisions or actions from actions triggered by other social or economic events. Some adaptations can be clearly identified as being triggered by climate change, and those adaptations a ...
Assessing Current Climate Risks
... Fixing the level of vulnerability allows the magnitude and frequency of climate-related hazards contributing to that vulnerability to be diagnosed. This is the “inverse method” as described in Carter et al. (1994). While commonly used in other disciplines, this technique has not been widely used for ...
... Fixing the level of vulnerability allows the magnitude and frequency of climate-related hazards contributing to that vulnerability to be diagnosed. This is the “inverse method” as described in Carter et al. (1994). While commonly used in other disciplines, this technique has not been widely used for ...
Modeling and forecasting extreme hot events in the central
... The seasonal pattern of Tx and Tn is not homogeneous in time. Fig. 5 shows Zaragoza seasonal profiles of Tx and Tn for periods 1951–75, 1976–90, 1991–95 and 1996–2004; the curves are calculated by smoothing the daily data from March 1st to November 30th, after substracting the corresponding annual J ...
... The seasonal pattern of Tx and Tn is not homogeneous in time. Fig. 5 shows Zaragoza seasonal profiles of Tx and Tn for periods 1951–75, 1976–90, 1991–95 and 1996–2004; the curves are calculated by smoothing the daily data from March 1st to November 30th, after substracting the corresponding annual J ...
Attribution of extreme weather and climate
... © 2015 The Authors. WIREs Climate Change published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is ...
... © 2015 The Authors. WIREs Climate Change published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is ...
The Recent Trend and Variance Increase of the
... factor of e in T 5 21/lna days). It is found that the decorrelation timescale of the daily annular mode time series is 10.6 days. I next examine the question of whether the first-order Markov process illustrated by the random time series in Fig. 2 and the power spectrum shown in Fig. 4 describes a s ...
... factor of e in T 5 21/lna days). It is found that the decorrelation timescale of the daily annular mode time series is 10.6 days. I next examine the question of whether the first-order Markov process illustrated by the random time series in Fig. 2 and the power spectrum shown in Fig. 4 describes a s ...
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... Regional climate changes under global warming context (Jones et al., 1995, 1997; Machenhauer et al., 1998; Frei et al., 2002; Gibelin and Déqué, 2003) are the most important motivations for the Mediterranean regional climate modelling. It is generally agreed that the Mediterranean region is one of ...
... Regional climate changes under global warming context (Jones et al., 1995, 1997; Machenhauer et al., 1998; Frei et al., 2002; Gibelin and Déqué, 2003) are the most important motivations for the Mediterranean regional climate modelling. It is generally agreed that the Mediterranean region is one of ...
Global Change: Climate Alteration and Global
... those few nations that contain polar bear habitats, but is in the hands of the wider world community. While the plight of the polar bear has drawn attention to the effects of global warming, it is only one of many indicators that our world is rapidly changing because of human activity. In this chapt ...
... those few nations that contain polar bear habitats, but is in the hands of the wider world community. While the plight of the polar bear has drawn attention to the effects of global warming, it is only one of many indicators that our world is rapidly changing because of human activity. In this chapt ...
Linking Population, Fertility and Family Planning with
... resilience to climate change impacts. The study was carried out in 2008-2009 in peri-urban and rural areas of two regions in Ethiopia: the Oromia region and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s (SNNP) region. This study in Ethiopia is one of the first to include first-hand linkages of po ...
... resilience to climate change impacts. The study was carried out in 2008-2009 in peri-urban and rural areas of two regions in Ethiopia: the Oromia region and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s (SNNP) region. This study in Ethiopia is one of the first to include first-hand linkages of po ...
CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS: AN
... and uses them to illustrate the evolution of integrated assessments. This evolution is reflected in the following trends: – From linear to more complex chains of analysis, – From non-adaptive to perfectly adaptive to realistically adaptive agents, – From simplistic to sophisticated to pluralistic co ...
... and uses them to illustrate the evolution of integrated assessments. This evolution is reflected in the following trends: – From linear to more complex chains of analysis, – From non-adaptive to perfectly adaptive to realistically adaptive agents, – From simplistic to sophisticated to pluralistic co ...
PDF
... There is also a divergence in machinery investment response between high versus low rainfall locations, with increases and decreases in work rates respectively being forecast. However, as illustrated for a few locations, the changes in investment in work rate within a broadly similar rainfall region ...
... There is also a divergence in machinery investment response between high versus low rainfall locations, with increases and decreases in work rates respectively being forecast. However, as illustrated for a few locations, the changes in investment in work rate within a broadly similar rainfall region ...
climate changes and adaptation policies in the baltic and the adriatic
... neighbouring countries including the north-west regions of Russia, Norway and Belarus. The EU Member States — Germany, Poland, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Denmark and Russia all directly border the Baltic Sea as ar some parts of Norway and Belarus in the catchment area of the Baltic ...
... neighbouring countries including the north-west regions of Russia, Norway and Belarus. The EU Member States — Germany, Poland, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Denmark and Russia all directly border the Baltic Sea as ar some parts of Norway and Belarus in the catchment area of the Baltic ...
Assessing knowledge of social representations of climate change
... The importance of tourism in the world economy, and the undeniable links which exist between tourism and atmospheric elements, suggest that climate change should be considered in all its aspects [3]. Accordingly, it is worth noting that weather and climate are important elements of many of the touri ...
... The importance of tourism in the world economy, and the undeniable links which exist between tourism and atmospheric elements, suggest that climate change should be considered in all its aspects [3]. Accordingly, it is worth noting that weather and climate are important elements of many of the touri ...
Cool dudes: The denial of climate change among conservative white
... Integrating the insights from identity-protective cognition and system-justification tendencies, we offer two complementary reasons for expecting conservative white males to be more likely than other adults to endorse climate change denial. On a specific level, conservative white male elites in the co ...
... Integrating the insights from identity-protective cognition and system-justification tendencies, we offer two complementary reasons for expecting conservative white males to be more likely than other adults to endorse climate change denial. On a specific level, conservative white male elites in the co ...
Adaptation Planning – What U.S. States and Localities are Doing
... States can expect temperature increases of between 5.4ºF and 12.6ºF by the year 2100.1 This warming will have significant consequences, causing a rise in sea-level and the gradual inundation of coastal areas as well as an increase in both beach erosion and flooding from coastal storms, changes in pr ...
... States can expect temperature increases of between 5.4ºF and 12.6ºF by the year 2100.1 This warming will have significant consequences, causing a rise in sea-level and the gradual inundation of coastal areas as well as an increase in both beach erosion and flooding from coastal storms, changes in pr ...
Climate change and land suitability for potato production in England
... Victoria, Australia by combining land suitability analysis with climate change scenarios within a geographical information system (GIS) framework. ...
... Victoria, Australia by combining land suitability analysis with climate change scenarios within a geographical information system (GIS) framework. ...
Adapting to climate change
... gases. We will need to both adapt and mitigate in the years ahead. ...
... gases. We will need to both adapt and mitigate in the years ahead. ...
Assessing vulnerabilities to the effects of global change
... cumulative terms (e.g., localized but widespread land degradation due to intensive agriculture) (Turner et al., 1990). People are also facing social and economic transformations (e.g., the breakup of the Soviet Union) that may amplify or dampen the importance of the environmental challenges. To mini ...
... cumulative terms (e.g., localized but widespread land degradation due to intensive agriculture) (Turner et al., 1990). People are also facing social and economic transformations (e.g., the breakup of the Soviet Union) that may amplify or dampen the importance of the environmental challenges. To mini ...
Draft Section 5.4.7
... is an estimated 36.36% chance of a Nor’Easter occurring in Hunterdon County in a given year. The table below shows these statistics, as well as the annual average number of events and the percent chance of a Nor’Easters occurring in Hunterdon County (NOAA NCDC 2015; Hunterdon County HMP 2011; New Je ...
... is an estimated 36.36% chance of a Nor’Easter occurring in Hunterdon County in a given year. The table below shows these statistics, as well as the annual average number of events and the percent chance of a Nor’Easters occurring in Hunterdon County (NOAA NCDC 2015; Hunterdon County HMP 2011; New Je ...
Thermophilic Fungi to Dominate Aflatoxigenic/Mycotoxigenic Fungi
... increasingly is becoming more tropical. Hot and dry weather in Europe [16] contributed to a 2003 outbreak of A. flavus on crops in Italy, uncommon previously. A. flavus was able to colonize ripening maize by outcompeting the more common Fusarium species [15,34]. This caused an increase in aflatoxin ...
... increasingly is becoming more tropical. Hot and dry weather in Europe [16] contributed to a 2003 outbreak of A. flavus on crops in Italy, uncommon previously. A. flavus was able to colonize ripening maize by outcompeting the more common Fusarium species [15,34]. This caused an increase in aflatoxin ...
Effect of climate change on the thermal stratification of the baltic sea
... The Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish waters in the world [377,400 km2 (Sjöberg 1992)] and, although its dynamical features are very close to that of an oceanic basin in many aspects, its low salinity makes it a climatological niche (Stipa 2002; Stipa and Seppälä 2002). This specific feat ...
... The Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish waters in the world [377,400 km2 (Sjöberg 1992)] and, although its dynamical features are very close to that of an oceanic basin in many aspects, its low salinity makes it a climatological niche (Stipa 2002; Stipa and Seppälä 2002). This specific feat ...
Climatic Research Unit documents
Climatic Research Unit documents including thousands of e-mails and other computer files were stolen from a server at the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia in a hacking incident in November 2009. The documents were redistributed first through the blogosphere of global warming skeptics, and allegations were made that they indicated misconduct by leading climate scientists. A series of investigations rejected these allegations, while concluding that CRU scientists should have been more open with distributing data and methods on request. Precisely six committees investigated the allegations and published reports, finding no evidence of fraud or scientific misconduct. The scientific consensus that global warming is occurring as a result of human activity remained unchanged by the end of the investigations.The incident occurred shortly before the opening December 2009 Copenhagen global climate summit. It has prompted general discussion about increasing the openness of scientific data (though the majority of climate data have always been freely available). Scientists, scientific organisations, and government officials have stated that the incident does not affect the overall scientific case for climate change. Andrew Revkin reported in the New York Times that ""The evidence pointing to a growing human contribution to global warming is so widely accepted that the hacked material is unlikely to erode the overall argument.""