Cleaning up on carbon
... emissions path of 11 GtC/year would bring global carbon dioxide concentrations of 1,000 p.p.m. if accompanied by climate–carbon-cycle feedbacks anticipated by the IPCC. The ‘wedges’ approach is not analytically rigorous in that Socolow and Pacala3 do not know the business-as-usual baseline — they do ...
... emissions path of 11 GtC/year would bring global carbon dioxide concentrations of 1,000 p.p.m. if accompanied by climate–carbon-cycle feedbacks anticipated by the IPCC. The ‘wedges’ approach is not analytically rigorous in that Socolow and Pacala3 do not know the business-as-usual baseline — they do ...
NRE 510 Environmental Governance
... Diverse, Variable, Uncertain, Less well understood Plausible outcomes range from “no big deal” to “civilization-threatening catastrophe” ...
... Diverse, Variable, Uncertain, Less well understood Plausible outcomes range from “no big deal” to “civilization-threatening catastrophe” ...
The world`s biggest gamble
... scientific evidence that biosphere resilience on land and in the ocean is rather uncertain and potentially even deteriorating. This may lead to a gradual loss of land carbon sinks, and in the medium-term future even to the transgression of tipping points, where carbon sinks (like tropical rainforests ...
... scientific evidence that biosphere resilience on land and in the ocean is rather uncertain and potentially even deteriorating. This may lead to a gradual loss of land carbon sinks, and in the medium-term future even to the transgression of tipping points, where carbon sinks (like tropical rainforests ...
Enabling an Efficient Carbon Market
... • Binding 5-year carbon budgets set 12 years ahead — First three budgets (2008–22) set in 2009 — Fourth budget (2023-27) to be determined later in 2011 ...
... • Binding 5-year carbon budgets set 12 years ahead — First three budgets (2008–22) set in 2009 — Fourth budget (2023-27) to be determined later in 2011 ...
Global Warming
... Current CO2 levels entail large lag effects: ~1.7°C, on top of 1.04°C (land) since 1913: 0.5-0.6°C each from Arctic Ocean albedo changes, phasing out coal’s sulfur emissions (both complete by 2100), and warming Earth enough so outgoing radiation equals its heat gain. This CO2 level-temperature relat ...
... Current CO2 levels entail large lag effects: ~1.7°C, on top of 1.04°C (land) since 1913: 0.5-0.6°C each from Arctic Ocean albedo changes, phasing out coal’s sulfur emissions (both complete by 2100), and warming Earth enough so outgoing radiation equals its heat gain. This CO2 level-temperature relat ...
news and views - Victoria University of Wellington
... and history. It also highlights areas where further research is needed, such as the relative influence of temperature and ice volume on the deep-sea isotope curve, and the effects of the roughness and hardness of the terrain beneath an ice sheet on its behaviour. But as with all models of past event ...
... and history. It also highlights areas where further research is needed, such as the relative influence of temperature and ice volume on the deep-sea isotope curve, and the effects of the roughness and hardness of the terrain beneath an ice sheet on its behaviour. But as with all models of past event ...
Lord Stern - the United Nations
... institutions, help overcome the inequities of climate change and provide incentives for developing countries to play strong role in global deal, eventually taking on their own targets. • Within such a framework each country can advance with some understanding of global picture. ...
... institutions, help overcome the inequities of climate change and provide incentives for developing countries to play strong role in global deal, eventually taking on their own targets. • Within such a framework each country can advance with some understanding of global picture. ...
Mitigation and Shared Vision—Review of the Science and Stakes in
... If peaking is not well before 2020, warming will not be “likely” to remain below 2°C. Weak mitigation in Annex 1 countries will imply dramatic reductions in non-Annex 1 countries, for any of these global pathways. Ambitious mitigation in Annex 1 countries (i.e., 40% by 2020) will also imply less dra ...
... If peaking is not well before 2020, warming will not be “likely” to remain below 2°C. Weak mitigation in Annex 1 countries will imply dramatic reductions in non-Annex 1 countries, for any of these global pathways. Ambitious mitigation in Annex 1 countries (i.e., 40% by 2020) will also imply less dra ...
CLIMATE CHANGE FACTS THE EARTH’S CHANGING CLIMATE
... climate. Scientists once thought climate change would take many generations to be felt, but instead we are already experiencing its dramatic effects. Historically, the Earth’s climate has fluctuated, but natural factors alone cannot explain today’s rapid pace of change. There is overwhelming evidenc ...
... climate. Scientists once thought climate change would take many generations to be felt, but instead we are already experiencing its dramatic effects. Historically, the Earth’s climate has fluctuated, but natural factors alone cannot explain today’s rapid pace of change. There is overwhelming evidenc ...
lesson 9: how does the greenhouse effect impact the ocean and
... OCEAN AND PEOPLE? Understanding Goals ...
... OCEAN AND PEOPLE? Understanding Goals ...
The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change
... Whitman argued, “As [the report] went thinking, and answers yes: “The IPCC’s through review, there conclusion that most of the was less consensus on Without substantial disagreement, observed warming of the the science and conclu- scientists find human activities last 50 years is likely to sions on ...
... Whitman argued, “As [the report] went thinking, and answers yes: “The IPCC’s through review, there conclusion that most of the was less consensus on Without substantial disagreement, observed warming of the the science and conclu- scientists find human activities last 50 years is likely to sions on ...
Drivhuseffekt og global opvarmning
... of two samples (one from the reference period 1961-1990 and one from the future) Determine the probability that the two samples (reference and future) are drawn from the same population based on a Student’s t-test If the probability is less than 1% chance that the samples are from the same populatio ...
... of two samples (one from the reference period 1961-1990 and one from the future) Determine the probability that the two samples (reference and future) are drawn from the same population based on a Student’s t-test If the probability is less than 1% chance that the samples are from the same populatio ...
Persistence of climate changes due to a range of greenhouse
... Fig. 1 shows that the calculated future warmings due to anthropogenic CH4 and N2 O also persist notably longer than the lifetimes of these gases. The figure illustrates that emissions of key non-CO2 greenhouse gases such as CH4 or N2 O could lead to warming that both temporarily exceeds a given stab ...
... Fig. 1 shows that the calculated future warmings due to anthropogenic CH4 and N2 O also persist notably longer than the lifetimes of these gases. The figure illustrates that emissions of key non-CO2 greenhouse gases such as CH4 or N2 O could lead to warming that both temporarily exceeds a given stab ...
Document
... Climate change is one of the greatest ecological, economic, and social challenges facing us today. The scientific evidence that human activities are contributing to climate change is compelling, but society is increasingly seeking information about the nature of the evidence and what can be done in ...
... Climate change is one of the greatest ecological, economic, and social challenges facing us today. The scientific evidence that human activities are contributing to climate change is compelling, but society is increasingly seeking information about the nature of the evidence and what can be done in ...
Effects of Personal Gardens on the Reduction of Atmospheric CO2
... AddiTonally, there has been ample research conducted regarding atmospheric CO2 throughout the recent past years due to climate change concerns. One of the most notable examples of C ...
... AddiTonally, there has been ample research conducted regarding atmospheric CO2 throughout the recent past years due to climate change concerns. One of the most notable examples of C ...
Lesson One: The Climate Change Pretest
... 2. True or False: The atmosphere is a relatively thin layer of gas that scientists divide into four sections based only on chemical composition. 3. True or False: Greenhouse gases (GHGs) act like a blanket in the atmosphere, trapping heat and warming the planet. 4. True or False: The following ...
... 2. True or False: The atmosphere is a relatively thin layer of gas that scientists divide into four sections based only on chemical composition. 3. True or False: Greenhouse gases (GHGs) act like a blanket in the atmosphere, trapping heat and warming the planet. 4. True or False: The following ...
Appendix A - Three Rivers District Council
... consensus was reached that an urgent action in adaptation to and mitigation of climate change is needed. ...
... consensus was reached that an urgent action in adaptation to and mitigation of climate change is needed. ...
A precautionary approach to avoiding catastrophic climate
... • A rigorous, binding commitment to North-to-South flows of technology and financial assistance is critical. Domestic reductions in the North are only half of the North’s obligation. • In principle, a corresponding commitment from the consuming class in the South is also necessary. • In practice, Co ...
... • A rigorous, binding commitment to North-to-South flows of technology and financial assistance is critical. Domestic reductions in the North are only half of the North’s obligation. • In principle, a corresponding commitment from the consuming class in the South is also necessary. • In practice, Co ...
Chap.10 Biological impacts of climate change
... and the uncertain future of a neotropical cloud forest community Case 10.3 Adapting coastal lowlands to rising seas Case 10.4 Climate change and coastal migrant birds ...
... and the uncertain future of a neotropical cloud forest community Case 10.3 Adapting coastal lowlands to rising seas Case 10.4 Climate change and coastal migrant birds ...
View the PowerPoint - Rock Ethics Institute
... A continious process of debate between scientists and journalists because scientists argue that reporting climate change should not be left to journalists and journalists accusation of scientists’ refusal to talk to media, while keeping the narrative ambigious without simplifying the content. ...
... A continious process of debate between scientists and journalists because scientists argue that reporting climate change should not be left to journalists and journalists accusation of scientists’ refusal to talk to media, while keeping the narrative ambigious without simplifying the content. ...
Impacts and Effects of Climate Change and Ozone Depletion
... – Average U.S. precipitation has increased since 1900, but some areas have had increases greater than the national average, and some areas have had decreases – Droughts in the Southwest and heat waves (periods of abnormally hot weather lasting days to weeks) everywhere are projected to become more i ...
... – Average U.S. precipitation has increased since 1900, but some areas have had increases greater than the national average, and some areas have had decreases – Droughts in the Southwest and heat waves (periods of abnormally hot weather lasting days to weeks) everywhere are projected to become more i ...
ENVI 30 Environmental Issues
... exacerbated by other global biospheric effects: loss of the ozone layer, acid rain, poisonous red tides of algae, toxic pollution of soil, water, and air, and ...
... exacerbated by other global biospheric effects: loss of the ozone layer, acid rain, poisonous red tides of algae, toxic pollution of soil, water, and air, and ...
Understanding The Economics of Global Climate Change
... • The global strategic interaction – Is there a self-enforcing equilibrium with US, Europe-Japan and China-India at the core? – Are trade sanctions credible? Against the US? Against “the rest”? – Will rich countries want to use trading to subsidize Chinese industries? – Do aid givers have a continge ...
... • The global strategic interaction – Is there a self-enforcing equilibrium with US, Europe-Japan and China-India at the core? – Are trade sanctions credible? Against the US? Against “the rest”? – Will rich countries want to use trading to subsidize Chinese industries? – Do aid givers have a continge ...
ETS - Sandbag
... leading to a very low carbon price. This also threatens the credibility of carbon markets as the most flexible, cost-effective way to achieve emissions reductions. 3. Given that the majority of EU Member States have to stimulate low carbon ...
... leading to a very low carbon price. This also threatens the credibility of carbon markets as the most flexible, cost-effective way to achieve emissions reductions. 3. Given that the majority of EU Member States have to stimulate low carbon ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""