A Changing Arctic Climate Science and Policy in the
... different disciplines started talking to each other, finding connections between their different lines of work, and raising new questions that neither group had asked before. The exercise was supposed to be an assessment of available knowledge but what I witnessed was the creation of something new. ...
... different disciplines started talking to each other, finding connections between their different lines of work, and raising new questions that neither group had asked before. The exercise was supposed to be an assessment of available knowledge but what I witnessed was the creation of something new. ...
Chapters X and XI: Appendices and Bibliography
... (GCMs) or climate system models.3165 A common set of simulations using 21 GCMs was coordinated through the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).3166 These models typically resolve the atmosphere with between 6,000 and 15,000 grid squares horizontally, and with between 12 and 56 atmosphe ...
... (GCMs) or climate system models.3165 A common set of simulations using 21 GCMs was coordinated through the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).3166 These models typically resolve the atmosphere with between 6,000 and 15,000 grid squares horizontally, and with between 12 and 56 atmosphe ...
FARM-LEVEL VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE EASTERN BAY OF PLENTY,
... producers are exposed. This thesis examines farm-level vulnerability to climate change of agricultural producers from the Eastern Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. The study area has a diverse agricultural economy, founded upon pastoral farming (dairy and drystock) and kiwifruit. This dependence on agricu ...
... producers are exposed. This thesis examines farm-level vulnerability to climate change of agricultural producers from the Eastern Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. The study area has a diverse agricultural economy, founded upon pastoral farming (dairy and drystock) and kiwifruit. This dependence on agricu ...
Report of the Indigenous Peoples` Global Summit on Climate Change
... Regional messages 6. The key messages from each of the regions were as follows: 7. Arctic: Climate change has been felt most intensely in the Arctic. In the past few decades, the average Arctic temperature has increased twice as much as the global temperature. Last summer, the Arctic Ocean sea ice s ...
... Regional messages 6. The key messages from each of the regions were as follows: 7. Arctic: Climate change has been felt most intensely in the Arctic. In the past few decades, the average Arctic temperature has increased twice as much as the global temperature. Last summer, the Arctic Ocean sea ice s ...
Adapting to Coastal Climate Change
... governance systems struggle to deal with mounting pressures from population growth, inadequate infrastructure, and diminishing or already depleted natural resources. In this context, the unique ecosystem processes and extraordinary development pressures within the coastal zone require that developme ...
... governance systems struggle to deal with mounting pressures from population growth, inadequate infrastructure, and diminishing or already depleted natural resources. In this context, the unique ecosystem processes and extraordinary development pressures within the coastal zone require that developme ...
Climate Change Adaptation in Coffee Production
... may grow much quicker when a certain threshold (often unknown or difficult to measure) is crossed. The rate of global warming is uneven due to the effect of the oceans, which absorb about 92% of the sun’s energy and then move it around through horizontal and vertical currents. There may still be man ...
... may grow much quicker when a certain threshold (often unknown or difficult to measure) is crossed. The rate of global warming is uneven due to the effect of the oceans, which absorb about 92% of the sun’s energy and then move it around through horizontal and vertical currents. There may still be man ...
Discursive Constructions of Climate Change Engagement
... The completion of this doctoral dissertation has been supported by a number of individuals and institutions. These pages are dedicated to them. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Associate Professor Johanna Kujala for seeing researcher potential in me and for supporting and guiding m ...
... The completion of this doctoral dissertation has been supported by a number of individuals and institutions. These pages are dedicated to them. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Associate Professor Johanna Kujala for seeing researcher potential in me and for supporting and guiding m ...
A Study of Climate Monitoring Capabilities in Newfoundland and
... monitoring are the actual climate measurements. To this end, the needs, and present monitoring coverage in place for terrestrial, coastal, and marine climate variables were presented. The climate station inventory was used to visualize the monitoring coverage and record length of active and historic ...
... monitoring are the actual climate measurements. To this end, the needs, and present monitoring coverage in place for terrestrial, coastal, and marine climate variables were presented. The climate station inventory was used to visualize the monitoring coverage and record length of active and historic ...
Assessing the costs of adaptation to climate
... Several recent studies have reported adaptation costs for climate change, including for developing countries. They have similar-sized estimates and have been influential in discussions on this issue. However, the studies have a number of deficiencies which need to be transparent and addressed more s ...
... Several recent studies have reported adaptation costs for climate change, including for developing countries. They have similar-sized estimates and have been influential in discussions on this issue. However, the studies have a number of deficiencies which need to be transparent and addressed more s ...
A Climate Risk Management Approach to Disaster
... Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments to Climate Change: An Evolution of Conceptual Thinking ........... 45 ...
... Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments to Climate Change: An Evolution of Conceptual Thinking ........... 45 ...
The City of Lewes Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation Action
... 3.2 Summary table of potential normalized annualized losses from natural hazards ......................................... 19 3.3 Potential damage to critical facilities from tropical storm wind events ........................................................ 20 3.4 Extreme summer heat dates cau ...
... 3.2 Summary table of potential normalized annualized losses from natural hazards ......................................... 19 3.3 Potential damage to critical facilities from tropical storm wind events ........................................................ 20 3.4 Extreme summer heat dates cau ...
the transcript of the APS climate change statement review workshop
... the questions coming back to us. This is broken out. ...
... the questions coming back to us. This is broken out. ...
Glacial Variability Over the Last Two Million Years: An Extended
... glacial variability. Major deglaciation features are identified over the last 2 Ma and a remarkable 33 out of 36 occur when Earth’s obliquity is anomalously large. During the early Pleistocene deglaciations occur nearly every obliquity cycle giving a 40 Ka timescale, while late Pleistocene deglaciat ...
... glacial variability. Major deglaciation features are identified over the last 2 Ma and a remarkable 33 out of 36 occur when Earth’s obliquity is anomalously large. During the early Pleistocene deglaciations occur nearly every obliquity cycle giving a 40 Ka timescale, while late Pleistocene deglaciat ...
Working 9 to 5 on Climate Change: An Office Guide
... the sun’s heat, increasing amounts destabilize the global climate.1 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch), the world’s most authoritative voice on climate change science, has stated that “the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global clim ...
... the sun’s heat, increasing amounts destabilize the global climate.1 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch), the world’s most authoritative voice on climate change science, has stated that “the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global clim ...
NSW Climate Impact Profile - Adapt NSW Home
... Annual run-off depends on the relative contribution of run-off in the different seasons. In northern NSW, which is dominated by summer rainfall and runoff, projections indicate a slight increase in mean annual run-off. In the southern regions of NSW, which currently experience winter-dominated rainf ...
... Annual run-off depends on the relative contribution of run-off in the different seasons. In northern NSW, which is dominated by summer rainfall and runoff, projections indicate a slight increase in mean annual run-off. In the southern regions of NSW, which currently experience winter-dominated rainf ...
a call to action - CDM Policy Dialogue
... While not sufficient in themselves, well regulated carbon markets have proved essential to addressing climate change, and nations must as a high priority restore faith in global carbon markets generally and in the CDM specifically. Carbon markets enable nations to meet their mitigation targets in a ...
... While not sufficient in themselves, well regulated carbon markets have proved essential to addressing climate change, and nations must as a high priority restore faith in global carbon markets generally and in the CDM specifically. Carbon markets enable nations to meet their mitigation targets in a ...
Climate driven changes to malaria transmission patterns in
... most populated epidemic regions in Africa, temperature is expected to be intimately connected to spatial persistence because of pronounced altitudinal gradients. It is not clear, however, that variation in altitude is in itself sufficient to explain persistence of the disease during the low season, ...
... most populated epidemic regions in Africa, temperature is expected to be intimately connected to spatial persistence because of pronounced altitudinal gradients. It is not clear, however, that variation in altitude is in itself sufficient to explain persistence of the disease during the low season, ...
Estimation of the direct radiative forcing due to sulfate and soot
... depth in two different ways: (i) through increase in the size of the particles which reduce the specific extinction coefficient, and (ii) through increase in the mass of water, which dominates over (i). The asymmetry factor increases with increasing relative humidity. This means that the larger part ...
... depth in two different ways: (i) through increase in the size of the particles which reduce the specific extinction coefficient, and (ii) through increase in the mass of water, which dominates over (i). The asymmetry factor increases with increasing relative humidity. This means that the larger part ...
Global Climate Change and Coral Bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef
... resultant coral death on the Great Barrier Reef is, therefore, a significant issue with potentially major environmental and economic consequences for Queensland and Australia. While the scientific record indicates that loss of colour by corals – or coral bleaching – is a natural phenomenon (Brown 19 ...
... resultant coral death on the Great Barrier Reef is, therefore, a significant issue with potentially major environmental and economic consequences for Queensland and Australia. While the scientific record indicates that loss of colour by corals – or coral bleaching – is a natural phenomenon (Brown 19 ...
The endangered Saimaa ringed seal in a changing climate
... survival. Typically, a snow lair provides good shelter against predators and a harsh climate, but poor snow conditions expose the seal pups to predation and disturbance by humans, elevate the risk for mortality, and may hamper growth. Although competition for resources between the seals and fisherme ...
... survival. Typically, a snow lair provides good shelter against predators and a harsh climate, but poor snow conditions expose the seal pups to predation and disturbance by humans, elevate the risk for mortality, and may hamper growth. Although competition for resources between the seals and fisherme ...
Seasonality of climate-human mortality relationships in US cities and
... among the suite of potential impacts expected to arise from anthropogenic climate warming (Kalkstein 1993, Kalkstein & Greene 1997, National Assessment Synthesis Team 2000, IPCC 2001a). These predictions are derived from studies that have identified statistically significant historical relationships ...
... among the suite of potential impacts expected to arise from anthropogenic climate warming (Kalkstein 1993, Kalkstein & Greene 1997, National Assessment Synthesis Team 2000, IPCC 2001a). These predictions are derived from studies that have identified statistically significant historical relationships ...
Observed and Simulated Processes Linked to the Recent Climate
... varied range of anomalies. Therefore, caution needs to be taken when choosing models for applications over the region, especially when ensemble means have to be considered. The second part focused on the ESM projections under AR5 Representative Concentrations Pathways (RCP), 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios pr ...
... varied range of anomalies. Therefore, caution needs to be taken when choosing models for applications over the region, especially when ensemble means have to be considered. The second part focused on the ESM projections under AR5 Representative Concentrations Pathways (RCP), 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios pr ...
Behaviour of the monsoon-ENSO system in current and future
... Seasonal prediction of the Asian Summer monsoon is a key goal of weather and climate forecasters, the phenomenon being of great importance to agrarian societies. Before general circulation models (GCMs) can be used to make predictions of the monsoon response to climate change, systematic errors in c ...
... Seasonal prediction of the Asian Summer monsoon is a key goal of weather and climate forecasters, the phenomenon being of great importance to agrarian societies. Before general circulation models (GCMs) can be used to make predictions of the monsoon response to climate change, systematic errors in c ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""